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Mendoubia
The Mendoubia or Mandubiyya ( es, Mendubía) refers to the former residence and office of the Mendoub, the representative of the Sultan of Morocco in the Tangier International Zone from 1924 to 1956 (with interruption during World War II). It now houses the commercial court of Tangier and a memorial museum. History In the early 19th century, the consul of Sweden in Tangier acquired a villa on the hill just outside the Medina. In 1872, the newly established German Empire decided to establish a consulate in Tangier and acquired the former Swedish legate's villa which it promptly remodeled and expanded, giving the building its current appearance. The first German consul-general, , arrived in 1873. In the late 19th century, it was the only European consulate outside of the walls of the Medina quarter. That German legation was the site of Kaiser Wilhelm II’s address on , supporting Moroccan independence and criticizing France’s encroachments, which triggered the First Moro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mendoub
The Mendoub or Mandub ( ar, مندوب, "delegate" or "representative") was a key official in the governance of the Tangier International Zone between 1925 and 1956, with a wartime interruption from 1941 to 1945. He represented the authority of the Sultan of Morocco in the zone, and was directly in charge of the affairs of the Muslim and Jewish communities which together formed the vast majority of Tangier's inhabitants. The foreign communities, by contrast, were under the authority of the zone's Administrator. The Mendoub succeeded the Naib ( ar, نائب "deputy", plural Nawab) who held a similar office from 1848 to 1923, albeit under a regime in which the sovereignty of the Moroccan Monarchy in Tangier was somewhat less compromised. Buildings From 1851, the Naib was established in the building known as ''Dar al-Niaba'' ("House of the Naib") on Rue Es-Siaghine in the former home of the French Consulate. In 2022, that building was repurposed as a small art museum following i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangier Speech
The Tangier Speech (, ) was a momentous speech appealing for the independence and territorial unity of Morocco, delivered by Sultan Muhammad V of Morocco on April 9, 1947 at the Mendoubia in what was then the Tangier International Zone, complemented by a second speech the next day at the Grand Mosque of Tangier. At the time, Morocco was under French and Spanish colonial rule, with Tangier designated as an international zone. Background The Istiqlal Party's presented the Proclamation of the Independence of Morocco January 11, 1944. In this document, the nationalist party allied itself with the symbolic figure of Sultan Muhammad V. The proclamation was met with hostility from the French colonial authorities; Ahmed Balafrej, Lyazidi, and 18 others were arrested, and a wave of protests took place in cities throughout the country. Casablanca Tirailleurs Massacre In the days leading up to the sultan's speech, French colonial forces in Casablanca, specifically Senegalese Tiraill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mendoub's Residence
The Mendoub's Residence or Dar al-Mandub ( ar, قصر مندوب, french: Palais du Mendoub), formerly known as the Forbes Museum of Tangier, is a cultural monument and property located on Mohammed Tazi Street in the Marshan neighborhood of Tangier, Morocco. History Residence of the ''Mendoub'' The governance of the Tangier International Zone was entrusted to an administrator appointed by the colonial powers and a personal representative of the Sultan of Morocco, who from 1923 was known as the Mendoub. The main office of the Mendoub was in the former German consulate, or Mendoubia. The Mendoub Palace was built as a residence in 1929 by Mendoub Mohammed Tazi. Forbes Museum The property was purchased in 1970 by Malcolm Forbes, the American publisher of ''Forbes magazine'', who converted it into a museum. The museum had a collection of a total of 115,000 models of toy soldiers. These figures re-enacted the major battles of history; from Waterloo to Dien Bien Phû, realistica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Mosque Of Tangier
The Grand Mosque of Tangier is the historic main mosque (Friday mosque) of Tangier, Morocco, located in the city's old medina. While the design of the current mosque dates from the early 19th century during the Alaouite period, the same site has been occupied by a succession of religious buildings since Antiquity. History The site of the mosque is believed to have originally been the site of a Roman temple dedicated to Hercules and of a 5th-century Roman church. A grand mosque (Friday mosque) was established on this site during the Marinid dynasty (13th-15th centuries). Tangier was frequently besieged by European forces in the 15th century until it was finally conquered by the Portuguese in 1471. The Portuguese immediately converted the mosque or rebuilt the site into a cathedral. In 1662 Tangier was passed to the English as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry to Charles II. After years under pressure from local Muslim ''mujahidin'' attacks, the English evacuated Tangier in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangier International Zone
The Tangier International Zone ( ''Minṭaqat Ṭanja ad-Dawliyya'', , es, Zona Internacional de Tánger) was a international zone centered on the city of Tangier, Morocco, which existed from 1924 until its reintegration into independent Morocco in 1956, with special status lasting until April 1960. Surrounded on the land side by the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, it was governed under a complex system that involved various European nations, the United States, and the Sultan of Morocco, himself under a French protectorate. Background Tangier had developed since the 18th century as the main point of contact between the Moroccan monarchy and European commercial interests, leading to the establishment of a number of consulates in the city by the main European nations. By 1830, Denmark, France, Portugal, Sardinia, Spain, Sweden, Tuscany, the United Kingdom, and the United States all had consulates in Tangier. In 1856, its role as Morocco's diplomatic capital was made official ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangier
Tangier ( ; ; ar, طنجة, Ṭanja) is a city in northwestern Morocco. It is on the Moroccan coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel. The town is the capital of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region, as well as the Ṭanja-Aẓila Prefecture of Morocco. Many civilisations and cultures have influenced the history of Tangier, starting from before the 10th centuryBCE. Between the period of being a strategic Berber town and then a Phoenician trading centre to Morocco's independence era around the 1950s, Tangier was a nexus for many cultures. In 1923, it was considered as having international status by foreign colonial powers and became a destination for many European and American diplomats, spies, bohemians, writers and businessmen. The city is undergoing rapid development and modernisation. Projects include tourism projects along the bay, a modern business district called Tangier City Cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Palace Of Tétouan
The Royal Palace of Tétouan is a palace of the Moroccan Monarchy in Tétouan, Morocco, and the former main seat of political authority of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco from 1913 to 1956. It encloses both the former governor's palace and the former Spanish consulate, which in the protectorate era respectively housed the ''Khalifa'' or personal representative of the Sultan of Morocco on the compound's northwestern side, and the Spanish High Commissioner on its southeastern side. The palace is located on Hassan II Square, a historic urban space also traditionally known as the , in the Medina of Tétouan. History Palace of the Governor, then of the Khalifa The compound's oldest building was constructed around 1740 as the local Government Palace (''Dar al-Emrat''). In 1913 it became the seat of the ''Khalifa'', namely until his death in 1923, then his son Hassan Ben el Mehedi Ben Ismael until the protectorate's end in 1956. It was remodeled several times, including in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marshan Palace, Tangier
The Marshan Palace is a palace of the King of Morocco in the Marshan neighborhood of Tangier, Morocco. Legislative Assembly of the Tangier International Zone The building was initially erected in the early 1950s as the seat of the Legislative Assembly of the Tangier International Zone. ''Maison de Tanger'' Following the independence of Morocco in 1956 and its proclamation as a kingdom on 14 August 1957, the building was repurposed as a property of the Monarchy. In the early years following independence, it was known as the ("House of Tangier"). From 27 to 30 April 1958, it was the venue of the Tangier Conference, a gathering of representatives from newly independent Morocco and Tunisia and from the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN), which promoted a vision for a future united North Africa that unraveled in the subsequent years. Participants in the Tangier Conference included Ferhat Abbas, Abdelhafid Boussouf, and Abdelhamid Mehri from the FLN; Bahi Ladgham, Ahmed T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Moroccan Crisis
The First Moroccan Crisis or the Tangier Crisis was an international crisis between March 1905 and May 1906 over the status of Morocco. Germany wanted to challenge France's growing control over Morocco, aggravating France and Great Britain. The crisis was resolved by the Algeciras Conference of 1906, a conference of mostly European countries that affirmed French control; this worsened German relations with both France and Britain, and helped enhance the new Anglo-French Entente. The Kaiser's visit On 31 March 1905 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany arrived at Tangier, Morocco and conferred with representatives of Sultan Abdelaziz of Morocco. The Kaiser toured the city on the back of a white horse. In a speech given at the German legation, the Kaiser declared he had come to support the sovereignty of the Sultan—a statement which amounted to a provocative challenge to French influence in Morocco. The Sultan subsequently rejected a set of French-proposed governmental reforms and is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Socco
The Grand Socco, officially the Place du 9 Avril 1947, is a historic quasi-circular roundabout square separating the old medina from newer developments in downtown Tangier, Morocco. Overview The term, ''socco'' is a Spanish corruption of the Arabic '' souq'' (or souk). The Grand Socco is surrounded by a mosque, a few shops, several banks, half a dozen modest restaurants with covered outdoor seating areas, several cafés, the Cinema Rif, an Amendis office and a pharmacy. On one side is the arch entrance to Mendoubia Gardens and another arch leads to the Rue de la Kasbah, also known as Rue d'Italie. In the mid-1950s many large trees were cut down in the round central outdoor market. Currently, the Grand Socco has a large marble fountain in the center, surrounded by tall palm trees and small flower gardens with a dozen benches for people to sit and relax. The square underwent further development in 2005. See also * Sidi Bou Abid Mosque * Petit Socco The Petit Socco, al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morocco Tangier Mendoubia
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east, and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south. Mauritania lies to the south of Western Sahara. Morocco also claims the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, and several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. It spans an area of or , with a population of roughly 37 million. Its official and predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber; the Moroccan dialect of Arabic and French are also widely spoken. Moroccan identity and culture is a mix of Arab, Berber, and European cultures. Its capital is Rabat, while its largest city is Casablanca. In a region inhabited since the Paleolithic Era over 300,000 years ago, the first Moroccan state was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Tangier
A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the term ''building'' compare the list of nonbuilding structures. Buildings serve several societal needs – primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) and the ''outside'' (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful). Ever since the first cave paintings, buildings have also become objects or canvasses of much artis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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