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Menachem Magidor
Menachem Magidor (Hebrew: מנחם מגידור; born January 24, 1946) is an Israeli mathematician who specializes in mathematical logic, in particular set theory. He served as president of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, was president of the Association for Symbolic Logic from 1996 to 1998, and is currently the president of the Division for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the International Union for History and Philosophy of Science (DLMPST/IUHPS; 2016-2019). In 2016 he was elected an honorary foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2018 he received the Solomon Bublick Award. Biography Menachem Magidor was born in Petah Tikva, Israel. He received his Ph.D. in 1973 from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His thesis, ''On Super Compact Cardinals'', was written under the supervision of Azriel Lévy. He served as president of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem from 1997 to 2009, following Hanoch Gutfreund and succeed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petah Tikva
Petah Tikva ( he, פֶּתַח תִּקְוָה, , ), also known as ''Em HaMoshavot'' (), is a city in the Central District (Israel), Central District of Israel, east of Tel Aviv. It was founded in 1878, mainly by Haredi Judaism, Haredi Jews of the Old Yishuv, and became a permanent settlement in 1883 with the financial help of Edmond James de Rothschild, Baron Edmond de Rothschild. In , the city had a population of . Its population density is approximately . Its jurisdiction covers 35,868 dunams (~35.9 km2 or 15 sq mi). Petah Tikva is part of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area. Etymology Petah Tikva takes its name (meaning "Door of Hope") from the biblical allusion in Hosea 2:15: "... and make the valley of Achor a door of hope." The Achor Valley, near Jericho, was the original proposed location for the town. The city and its inhabitants are sometimes known by the nickname "Mlabes" after the Arab village preceding the town. (See "Ottoman era" under "History" below.) Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elliott Sober
Elliott R. Sober (born 6 June 1948) is Hans Reichenbach Professor and William F. Vilas Research Professor in the Department of Philosophy at University of Wisconsin–Madison. Sober is noted for his work in philosophy of biology and general philosophy of science. Education and career Sober earned his Ph.D in philosophy from Harvard University under the supervision of Hilary Putnam, after doing graduate work at Cambridge University under the supervision of Mary Hesse. His work has also been strongly influenced by the biologist Richard Lewontin, and he has collaborated with David Sloan Wilson, Steven Orzack and Mike Steel, also biologists. Sober has served as the president of both the Central Division of the American Philosophical Association and the Philosophy of Science Association. He was president of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (Division of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science) from 2012 until 2015. He taught for one year at Stanford ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Large Cardinal
In the mathematical field of set theory, a large cardinal property is a certain kind of property of transfinite cardinal numbers. Cardinals with such properties are, as the name suggests, generally very "large" (for example, bigger than the least α such that α=ωα). The proposition that such cardinals exist cannot be proved in the most common axiomatization of set theory, namely ZFC, and such propositions can be viewed as ways of measuring how "much", beyond ZFC, one needs to assume to be able to prove certain desired results. In other words, they can be seen, in Dana Scott's phrase, as quantifying the fact "that if you want more you have to assume more". There is a rough convention that results provable from ZFC alone may be stated without hypotheses, but that if the proof requires other assumptions (such as the existence of large cardinals), these should be stated. Whether this is simply a linguistic convention, or something more, is a controversial point among distinct philo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cofinality
In mathematics, especially in order theory, the cofinality cf(''A'') of a partially ordered set ''A'' is the least of the cardinalities of the cofinal subsets of ''A''. This definition of cofinality relies on the axiom of choice, as it uses the fact that every non-empty set of cardinal numbers has a least member. The cofinality of a partially ordered set ''A'' can alternatively be defined as the least ordinal ''x'' such that there is a function from ''x'' to ''A'' with cofinal image. This second definition makes sense without the axiom of choice. If the axiom of choice is assumed, as will be the case in the rest of this article, then the two definitions are equivalent. Cofinality can be similarly defined for a directed set and is used to generalize the notion of a subsequence in a net. Examples * The cofinality of a partially ordered set with greatest element is 1 as the set consisting only of the greatest element is cofinal (and must be contained in every other cofinal subse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prikry Forcing
In mathematics, forcing is a method of constructing new models ''M'' 'G''of set theory by adding a generic subset ''G'' of a poset ''P'' to a model ''M''. The poset ''P'' used will determine what statements hold in the new universe (the 'extension'); to force a statement of interest thus requires construction of a suitable ''P''. This article lists some of the posets ''P'' that have been used in this construction. Notation *''P'' is a poset with order < *''V'' is the universe of all sets *''M'' is a countable transitive model of set theory *''G'' is a generic subset of ''P'' over ''M''. Definitions *''P'' satisfies the if every antichain in ''P'' is at most countable. This implies that ''V'' and ''V'' 'G''have the same car ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Forcing Notions
In mathematics, forcing (mathematics), forcing is a method of constructing new models ''M''[''G''] of set theory by adding a generic subset ''G'' of a poset ''P'' to a model ''M''. The poset ''P'' used will determine what statements hold in the new universe (the 'extension'); to force a statement of interest thus requires construction of a suitable ''P''. This article lists some of the posets ''P'' that have been used in this construction. Notation *''P'' is a poset with order < *''V'' is the universe of all sets *''M'' is a countable transitive model of set theory *''G'' is a generic subset of ''P'' over ''M''. Definitions *''P'' satisfies the countable chain condition if every antichain in ''P'' is at most countable. This implies that ''V'' and ''V''[''G''] have the same cardinals (and the same cofinalities). *A subset ''D'' of ''P'' is called dense if for every there is some with . *A filter on ''P'' is a nonempty subset ''F'' of ''P'' such that if and th ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forcing (mathematics)
In the mathematical discipline of set theory, forcing is a technique for proving consistency and independence results. It was first used by Paul Cohen in 1963, to prove the independence of the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory. Forcing has been considerably reworked and simplified in the following years, and has since served as a powerful technique, both in set theory and in areas of mathematical logic such as recursion theory. Descriptive set theory uses the notions of forcing from both recursion theory and set theory. Forcing has also been used in model theory, but it is common in model theory to define genericity directly without mention of forcing. Intuition Intuitively, forcing consists of expanding the set theoretical universe V to a larger universe V^ . In this bigger universe, for example, one might have many new real numbers, identified with subsets of the set \mathbb of natural numbers, that were not there in the old ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Singular Cardinal
Singular may refer to: * Singular, the grammatical number that denotes a unit quantity, as opposed to the plural and other forms * Singular homology * SINGULAR, an open source Computer Algebra System (CAS) * Singular or sounder, a group of boar, see List of animal names * Singular matrix, a matrix that is not invertible * Singular measure, a measure or probability distribution whose support has zero Lebesgue (or other) measure * Singular cardinal, an infinite cardinal number that is not a regular cardinal * The property of a ''singularity'' or ''singular point'' in various meanings; see Singularity (other) * Singular (band), a Thai jazz pop duo *'' Singular: Act I'', a 2018 studio album by Sabrina Carpenter *'' Singular: Act II'', a 2019 studio album by Sabrina Carpenter See also * Singulair, Merck trademark for the drug Montelukast * Cingular Wireless AT&T Mobility LLC, also known as AT&T Wireless and marketed as simply AT&T, is an American telecommunications company ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ofra Magidor
Ofra Magidor is a philosopher and logician, and current Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at University of Oxford and Fellow of Magdalen College. Biography Magidor received her BSc in mathematics, philosophy, and computer science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2002, and a BPhil in philosophy from the University of Oxford in 2004. In 2007 she completed her DPhil, also from the University of Oxford. She has lectured at Oxford since 2005, and in 2016 she became the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy, the second woman to hold this position. In 2014, she was the recipient of the Philip Leverhulme Prize, in recognition of her outstanding research achievements which has attracted international acclaim. Currently, Magidor is on the editorial boards of the journals '' Disputatio'', ''Ergo'', ''Thought'', and ''Mind''. Her father is the mathematician Menachem Magidor. Books * 2013''Category Mistakes'' (Oxford University Press). Paperback ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solomon Bublick Award
The Solomon Bublick Award (Solomon Bublick Public Service Award or Solomon Bublick Prize) is an award made by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem to a person who has made an important contribution to the advancement and development of the State of Israel. The first award was made in 1949. History Solomon Bublick (died 1945) was an American who left the sum of $37,000 to establish the award to be granted every two years. It is one of the two prestigious awards made by the University. The prize is given for a lifetime dedicated to the well-being of the Jewish people and the State of Israel, alternatively to an Israeli and to a personality from abroad. In 1950, the award included $1500. In 1960, the award included a sterling silver plaque and $1000. Recipients * 2018 Professor Menachem Magidor former president and Professor Emeritus of mathematics at The Hebrew University * 2016 Professor Hanoch Gutfreund alumnus and former president and Professor Emeritus of theoretical physics of T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union Of History And Philosophy Of Science
The International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology is one of the members of the International Science Council (ISC). It was founded in 1955 by merging the ''International Union of History of Science'' (IUHS) and the ''International Union of Philosophy of Science'' (IUPS), and consists of two divisions, the ''Division of History of Science and Technology'' (DHST) and the ''Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology'' (DLMPST). Structure and governance The IUHPST does not have its own membership structure and governance, but is an umbrella organisation for its two Divisions, DHST and DLMPST. It is governed by the officers of the two Divisions in a rotational system where the Presidency of the Union rotates between the Presidents of the two Divisions. The current IUHPST President is Nancy Cartwright (President of DLMPST), the current IUHPST Vice President is Marcos Cueto (President of DHST), the current IUHPST Secretary General is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematical Logic
Mathematical logic is the study of logic, formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory. Research in mathematical logic commonly addresses the mathematical properties of formal systems of logic such as their expressive or deductive power. However, it can also include uses of logic to characterize correct mathematical reasoning or to establish foundations of mathematics. Since its inception, mathematical logic has both contributed to and been motivated by the study of foundations of mathematics. This study began in the late 19th century with the development of axiomatic frameworks for geometry, arithmetic, and Mathematical analysis, analysis. In the early 20th century it was shaped by David Hilbert's Hilbert's program, program to prove the consistency of foundational theories. Results of Kurt Gödel, Gerhard Gentzen, and others provided partial resolution to the program, and clarified the issues involved in pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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