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Memorandum Of Independence Of Macedonia (1913)
The Memorandum of Independence of Macedonia (french: Mémorandum consérnant l'indépendance de la Macédoine) is a document published on March 1, 1913 by four former members of the Macedonian Scientific and Literary Society. They insisted on the independence of the modern region of Macedonia (region), Macedonia. Its name, which disappeared during the period of Ottoman rule, was revived in the 19th century. Its boundaries, which have changed considerably over the time, also came to be redefined during the same period.Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Scarecrow Press, 2009, , Introduction, pp. VII-VIII. The document was addressed to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of the United Kingdom, Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, Edward Grey, the ambassadors in the palace in London and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire and was signed by Dimitrija Čupovski, Aleksandar Vezenkov, Gavril Konstantinovich and Nace Dimov. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimitrija Čupovski
Dimitrija Čupovski ( mk, Димитрија Чуповски) (November 8, 1878 – October 29, 1940) was a Macedonian textbook writer and lexicographer. Dimitrija Čupovski is considered one of the most prominent ethnic Macedonians in history and one of the most important actors of the start of Macedonian nationalism.'' Macedonian Encyclopedia''. Skopje, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2009. ISBN 978-608-203-023-4. p. 1632-1633. Biography Dimitrija Čupovski was born in the village of Papradište (now part of Čaška Municipality) in the Ottoman Empire (present-day North Macedonia). Before Čupovski was born, his father had been killed by Albanian mercenaries. When he was 10 years old his village was burned, and he and his family settled in Kruševo, his mother's birthplace. After learning the painting trade, he and his brothers left for Sofia in search of work. In the capital of the newly established Kingdom of Bulgaria Čupovski worked during the day and visited the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French ( Francien) largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the ( Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents, most of which are members of the ''Organisation internationale de la Francophonie'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonian Scientific And Literary Society
The Macedonian Scientific and Literary Society, called also Slavic-Macedonian Scholarly and Literary Society was an organization of Macedonian Slavs in Russia in the first decades of the twentieth century. Activity Its founders were Dimitrija Čupovski and his brother Nace Dimov. Other founders include Stefan Dedov and Dijamandija Mišajkov. The organization's secretary was Milan Stoilov, a medical student in Saint Petersburg, until his death in 1903. , another founding member, served as its librarian. The Macedonian Literary and Scientific Society was the most prominent society of the Macedonians abroad. It was established in Saint Petersburg on 28 October 1902 and was presided over by Čupovski. As part of its scholarly and literary activities, the society supported the introduction of Macedonian as its official language. Its aim was the creation of an independent Macedonia, encompassing the entire geographic region of Macedonia, according to maps drawn by the society ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonia (region)
Macedonia () is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid 19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: larger parts in Greece, North Macedonia North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Socialist Feder ..., and Bulgaria, and smaller parts in Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. It covers approximately and has a population of 4.76 million. Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history. Etymology Both proper nouns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karta Makedonija 1913
{{disambiguation, geo ...
Karta may refer to: Places * Karta, Iran, a village in Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran * Karta, Andika, a village in Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran * Kharta or Karta, a Himalayan region in Tibet * Kangaroo Island or Karta, an island in South Australia Other uses * Karta (orangutan) (1982–2017), a Sumatran orangutan * KARTA Center, a Polish NGO * Karta Palace, a 17th-century palace in Central Java * Melakarta or karta, a parent raga of South Indian classical music * Kārta, a goddess in Latvian mythology * Karta, a senior person in a Hindu joint family See also * Carta (other) * Karra (other) Karra may refer to: * Karra River, a river in Makawanpur district of Bagmati Province, Nepal * Karra block, a community development block in Khunti district, Jharkhand, India ** Karra, Khunti, a village in Jharkhand, India * Karra (name) See al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey Of Fallodon
Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, (25 April 1862 – 7 September 1933), better known as Sir Edward Grey, was a British Liberal statesman and the main force behind British foreign policy in the era of the First World War. An adherent of the " New Liberalism", he served as foreign secretary from 1905 to 1916, the longest continuous tenure of any holder of that office. He renewed the 1902 alliance with Japan in 1911. The centrepiece of his policy was the defence of France against German aggression, while avoiding a binding alliance with Paris. He supported France in the Moroccan crises of 1905 and 1911. Another major achievement was the Anglo-Russian entente of 1907. He resolved an outstanding conflict with Germany over the Baghdad railway in 1913. His most important action came in the July Crisis in 1914, when he led Britain into World War I against Germany. He convinced the Liberal cabinet that Britain had an obligation and was honour-bound to defend France, and pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nace Dimov
Nace Dimov ( mk, Наце Димов; 1876-1916), also known as Atanas Dimov Čupovski оr Čuparov, was a Macedonian political and cultural activist. He was the older brother of Dimitrija Čupovski. Dimov was a writer on the ''Macedonian Voice'' newspaper. Among his publications include "Macedonia in the Past, Present and Future" and "Historical Outline of Macedonia and the Macedonian Slavs". Biography Dimov was born on 31 January 1876 in the village of Papradište, near Veles. After Albanian bandits killed his father, the family moves to Kruševo. From there, Nace left to earn money in Bulgaria. In Sofia, he began studying at an evening school and joined the Young Macedonian Literary Association. Later Dimov started working in the railway in Varna, from where he emigrated to Odessa, Russia. In 1901, he was among the men that established the Macedonian Scholarly and Literary Society in Saint Petersburg. Dimov also sought to establish a vocational school in Saint Petersburg wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonian Nationalism
Macedonian nationalism (, ) is a general grouping of nationalist ideas and concepts among ethnic Macedonians that were first formed in the late 19th century among separatists seeking the autonomy of the region of Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire. The idea evolved during the early 20th century alongside the first expressions of ethnic nationalism among the Slavs of Macedonia. The separate Macedonian nation gained recognition after World War II when the "Socialist Republic of Macedonia" was created as part of Yugoslavia. Afterwards the Macedonian historiography has established historical links between the ethnic Macedonians and events and Bulgarian figures from the Middle Ages up to the 20th century. Following the independence of the Republic of Macedonia in the late 20th century, issues of Macedonian national identity have become contested by the country's neighbours, as some adherents to aggressive Macedonian nationalism, called ''Macedonism'', hold more extreme beliefs such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonian Question
The region of Macedonia is known to have been inhabited since Paleolithic times. Еarliest historical inhabitants The earliest historical inhabitants of the region were the Pelasgians, the Bryges and the Thracians. The Pelasgians occupied Emathia and the Bryges occupied northern Epirus, as well as Macedonia, mainly west of the Axios River and parts of Mygdonia. Thracians, in early times occupied mainly the eastern parts of Macedonia, (Mygdonia, Crestonia, Bisaltia). The Ancient Macedonians are missing from early historical accounts because they had been living in the southern extremities of the region – the Orestian highlands – since before the Dark Ages. The Macedonian tribes subsequently moved down from Orestis in the upper Haliacmon due to pressure from the Orestae. Ancient Macedonians The name of the region of Macedonia ( el, Μακεδονία, ''Makedonia'') derives from the tribal name of the ancient Macedonians ( el, Μακεδώνες, ''Makedónes''). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1913 Documents
Events January * January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos (1913), Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war. * January 13 – Edward Carson founds the (first) Ulster Volunteers, Ulster Volunteer Force, by unifying several existing Ulster loyalism, loyalist militias to resist home rule for Ireland. * January 23 – 1913 Ottoman coup d'état: Ismail Enver comes to power. * January – Stalin (whose first article using this name is published this month) travels to Vienna to carry out research. Until he leaves on February 16 the city is home simultaneously to him, Hitler, Trotsky and Josip Broz Tito, Tito alongside Alban Berg, Berg, Freud and Jung and Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ludwig and Paul Wittgenstein. February * February 1 – New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memoranda
A memorandum ( : memoranda; abbr: memo; from the Latin ''memorandum'', "(that) which is to be remembered") is a written message that is typically used in a professional setting. Commonly abbreviated "memo," these messages are usually brief and are designed to be easily and quickly understood. Memos can thus communicate important information efficiently in order to make dynamic and effective changes. In law, a memorandum is a record of the terms of a transaction or contract, such as a policy memo, memorandum of understanding, memorandum of agreement, or memorandum of association. In business, a memo is typically used by firms for internal communication, while letters are typically for external communication. Other memorandum formats include briefing notes, reports, letters, and binders. They may be considered grey literature. Memorandum formatting may vary by office or institution. For example, if the intended recipient is a cabinet minister or a senior executive, the forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
