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Melanitini
The Melanitini (evening browns and relatives) are one of the smaller tribe (biology), tribes of the Satyrinae in the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterfly) family (biology), family. They contain the following genera: * ''Aeropetes'' Gustaf Johan Billberg, Billberg, 1820 - sometimes placed in Satyrini * ''Aphysoneura'' Ferdinand Karsch, Karsch, 1894 - sometimes placed in Elymniini * ''Cyllogenes'' Arthur Gardiner Butler, Butler, 1868 * ''Gnophodes'' Henry Doubleday (1808–1875), Doubleday, 1849 * ''Manataria'' William Forsell Kirby, W.F. Kirby, [1902] * ''Melanitis'' Johan Christian Fabricius, Fabricius, 1807 * ''Paralethe'' van Son, 1955 - sometimes placed in Satyrini * ''Parantirrhoea'' James Wood-Mason, Wood-Mason, 1881 References Melanitini, Satyrinae Taxa named by Enzio Reuter Butterfly tribes {{Satyrinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satyrini
The Satyrini is one of the tribes of the subfamily Satyrinae. It includes about 2200 species and is therefore the largest tribe in the subfamily which comprises 2500 species. Distribution Satyrini butterflies have a worldwide distribution, but the distribution pattern differs between subtribes. Some subtribes are almost restricted to a single biogeographic region, such as the Pronophilina, which is found only in Andean cloud forests from Venezuela to Bolivia. Biology The larval food plants of many species in this tribe are grasses, i.e. Poaceae. It is considered that the Satyrini diversified at about the same time as the grasses did, and that the radiation of the tribe is therefore closely related to the evolution of the grasses. In contrast, the tribe has a few genera which show uncommon feeding preferences. Three genera, '' Euptychia'', ''Ragadia'' and ''Acrophtalmia'', feed on Lycopsida, and moreover, some species of ''Euptychia'' have been reported to feed on mosses o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanitini
The Melanitini (evening browns and relatives) are one of the smaller tribe (biology), tribes of the Satyrinae in the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterfly) family (biology), family. They contain the following genera: * ''Aeropetes'' Gustaf Johan Billberg, Billberg, 1820 - sometimes placed in Satyrini * ''Aphysoneura'' Ferdinand Karsch, Karsch, 1894 - sometimes placed in Elymniini * ''Cyllogenes'' Arthur Gardiner Butler, Butler, 1868 * ''Gnophodes'' Henry Doubleday (1808–1875), Doubleday, 1849 * ''Manataria'' William Forsell Kirby, W.F. Kirby, [1902] * ''Melanitis'' Johan Christian Fabricius, Fabricius, 1807 * ''Paralethe'' van Son, 1955 - sometimes placed in Satyrini * ''Parantirrhoea'' James Wood-Mason, Wood-Mason, 1881 References Melanitini, Satyrinae Taxa named by Enzio Reuter Butterfly tribes {{Satyrinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnophodes
''Gnophodes'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red .... Species *'' Gnophodes betsimena'' (Boisduval, 1833) – banded evening brown *'' Gnophodes chelys'' (Fabricius, 1793) – dusky evening brown or lobed evening brown *'' Gnophodes grogani'' Sharpe, 1901 References "''Gnophodes'' Doubleday, [1849]"at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' Melanitini">849]"">"''Gnophodes'' Doubleday, [1849]"at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' Melanitini Butterfly genera {{Satyrinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satyrinae
The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct family, Satyridae. This group contains nearly half of the known diversity of brush-footed butterflies. The true number of the Satyrinae species is estimated to exceed 2,400. Overview They are generally weak fliers and often shun bright sunlight, preferring moist and semishaded habitats. The caterpillars feed chiefly on monocotyledonous plants such as palms, grasses, and bamboos. The Morphinae are sometimes united with this group. The taxonomy and systematics of the subfamily are under heavy revision. Much of the early pioneering work of L. D. Miller has helped significantly by creating some sort of order. '' Dyndirus'' (Capronnier, 1874) is a satyrid ''incertae sedis''. Other than this genus, according to the latest studies on the classification of Nymphalidae, all satyrines have been assigned to one of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parantirrhoea
''Parantirrhoea'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae."''Parantirrhoea'' Wood-Mason, 1881" at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' Its only species, ''Parantirrhoea marshalli'', the Tranvancore evening brown, is endemic to the Western Ghats of India. described this species from the specimens in the collection of [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paralethe
''Paralethe'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. Its one species ''Paralethe dendrophilus'', the bush beauty or forest pride is found in South Africa. The wingspan is 45–60 mm for males and 48–70 mm for females. Adults are on wing from late December to May. There is one generation per year. The larvae feed on various Poaceae species, including ''Ehrharta erecta ''Ehrharta erecta'' is a species of grass commonly known as panic veldtgrass. The species is native to Southern Africa and Yemen. It is a documented invasive species in the United States, New Zealand, Australia, southern Europe, and China. The ...'' and '' Panicum deustrum''. Subspecies *''Paralethe dendrophilus dendrophilus'' (eastern Cape) *''Paralethe dendrophilus albina'' van Son, 1955 (eastern Cape (Pondoland), Natal) *''Paralethe dendrophilus indosa'' (Trimen, 1879) (coast of KwaZulu-Natal and Zululand) *''Paralethe dendrophilus junodi'' (van Son, 1935) (Transvaal) Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanitis
''Melanitis'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. Species *''Melanitis amabilis'' ( Boisduval, 1832) *''Melanitis ansorgei'' Rothschild, 1904 – blue evening brown *''Melanitis atrax'' C. & R. Felder, 1863 *''Melanitis belinda'' Grose-Smith, 1895 *''Melanitis boisduvalia'' C. & R. Felder, 1863 *''Melanitis constantia'' (Cramer, 777 *''Melanitis leda'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – common evening brown *''Melanitis libya'' Distant, 1882 – violet-eyed evening brown *''Melanitis phedima'' (Cramer, 780 – dark evening brown *''Melanitis pyrrha'' Röber, 1887 *''Melanitis velutina'' (C. & R. Felder, 867 *''Melanitis zitenius ''Melanitis zitenius'', the great evening brown, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in Asia. The species is crepuscular. Description Wet-season form. Male and female: Forewing: costa strongly arched, apex acute; termen immediately belo ...'' ( Herbst, 1796) – great evening brown References "''Melaniti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeropetes
''Aeropetes'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. Its only species, ''Aeropetes tulbaghia'', is commonly known as the Table Mountain beauty or mountain pride. It is native to southern Africa, where it occurs in South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini and Zimbabwe. Description The sexes are similar, but males are on average smaller. The wingspan is 70–78 mm for males and 75–90 mm for females. Habitat and habits ''Aeropetes'' is commonly found in mountainous, rock-strewn hillsides and gullies. It has a tendency to settle on the shady side of rocks and of overhung stream banks. Biology The larvae feed on various Poaceae species, including ''Ehrharta erecta'', '' Hyparrhenia hirta'' and ''Pennisetum clandestinum''. The adults are fond of red or orange flowers, and it is the pollinator of the orchid ''Disa uniflora''. There is one generation per year. Adults are on the wing during the austral summer, from November to April (with peaks from December to Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphysoneura
''Aphysoneura'' is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red .... Species *'' Aphysoneura pigmentaria'' Karsch, 1894 – painted ringlet *'' Aphysoneura scapulifascia'' Joicey & Talbot, 1922 External links "''Aphysoneura'' Karsch, 1894"at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms''Seitz, A. ''Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 28 Melanitini Butterfly genera Taxa named by Ferdinand Karsch {{Satyrinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Evening Brown
''Melanitis leda'', the common evening brown, is a common species of butterfly found flying at dusk. The flight of this species is erratic. They are found in Africa, South Asia and South-east Asia extending to parts of Australia. Description Wet-season form: Forewing: apex subacute; termen slightly angulated just below apex, or straight. Upperside brown. Forewing with two large subapical black spots, each with a smaller spot outwardly of pure white inwardly bordered by a ferruginous interrupted lunule; costal margin narrowly pale. Hindwing with a dark, white-centred, fulvous-ringed ocellus subterminally in interspace two, and the apical ocellus, sometimes also others of the ocelli, on the underside, showing through. Underside paler, densely covered with transverse dark brown striae; a discal curved dark brown narrow band on forewing; a post-discal similar oblique band, followed by a series of ocelli: four on the forewing, that in interspace 8 the largest; six on the hindwing, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Wood-Mason
James Wood-Mason (December 1846 – 6 May 1893) was an English zoologist. He was the director of the Indian Museum at Calcutta, after John Anderson. He collected marine animals and lepidoptera, but is best known for his work on two other groups of insects, phasmids (stick insects) and mantises (praying mantises). The genus '' Woodmasonia'' Brunner, 1907, and at least ten species of phasmids, are named after him.Bragg, 2008. Life and career Wood-Mason was born in Gloucestershire, England, where his father was a doctor. He was educated at Charterhouse School and Queen's College, Oxford. He went out to India in 1869 to work in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, which in 2008 still housed his collection of insects. In 1872 he sailed to the Andaman Islands, mostly studying marine animals, but also collecting and later describing two new phasmids, '' Bacillus hispidulus'' and '' Bacillus westwoodii''. Wood-Mason described 24 new species of phasmids, mostly from South Asia but also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Christian Fabricius
Johan Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is considered one of the most important entomologists of the 18th century, having named nearly 10,000 species of animals, and established the basis for the modern insect classification. Biography Johan Christian Fabricius was born on 7 January 1745 at Tønder in the Duchy of Schleswig, where his father was a doctor. He studied at the gymnasium at Altona and entered the University of Copenhagen in 1762. Later the same year he travelled together with his friend and relative Johan Zoëga to Uppsala, where he studied under Carl Linnaeus for two years. On his return, he started work on his , which was finally published in 1775. Throughout this time, he remained dependent on subsidies from his father, who worked as a consultant at Frederiks Hospita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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