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Medieval States In Anatolia
Anatolia is a large peninsula in West Asia and forms one of the two passages between Asia and Europe. All through history, many states both completely independent and vassal, were founded. Below is the list of states (including principalities) in Anatolia during the late Middle Ages (11th–15th centuries). See also * Ancient kingdoms of Anatolia * Anatolian beyliks *History of Anatolia The history of Anatolia (often referred to in historical sources as Asia Minor) can be roughly subdivided into: Prehistory of Anatolia (up to the end of the 3rd millennium BCE), Ancient Anatolia (including Hattian, Hittite and post-Hittite periods ... {{DEFAULTSORT:States in late medieval Anatolia Turkey history-related lists Medieval Islamic world-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolia
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The region is bounded by the Turkish Straits to the northwest, the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highlands to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Southeast Europe. The eastern border of Anatolia has been held to be a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea, bounded by the Armenian Highlands to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast. By this definition Anatolia comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey. Today, Anatolia is sometimes considered to be synonymous with Asian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dulkadirids
The Anatolian beylik of Dulkadir (Modern Turkish: ''Dulkadiroğulları Beyliği''), was one of the frontier principalities established by the Turkoman clans Bayat, Afshar and Begdili after the decline of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Capitals The capitals of the beylik were located around the town of Elbistan in Kahramanmaraş Province of Turkey in different eras. As a buffer state For a while, the Beylik of Dulkadiroğulları had an influence extending from Kırşehir to Mosul, but with the rise of the Ottomans, they became a buffer state between the Ottomans and the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) of Egypt. They became part of the Ottoman Empire in early 16th century. Until the mid-19th century, the region centered on the town of Elbistan in Kahramanmaraş Province of Turkey was often referred to as Dulkadiroğulları (or ''Zulkadriyye'' ) State in Ottoman documents. The Dulkadir dynasty also gave many brides to the Ottoman dynasty. Emine Hatun, the daughter of Nasreddin Mehmed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pervâneoğlu
PervâneoğluMuharrem Kesik, "Pervâneoğulları", TDV Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, Ankara 2007, c. XXXIV, s. 245-246 (in Turkish plural ''Pervâneoğulları'', 'sons of the pervâne') was an Anatolian beylik of Persian origin, centered in Sinop on the Black Sea coast and controlling the immediately surrounding region in the second half of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th (1261–1326). The founder of the beylik, the ''pervâne'' Mu'in al-Din Parwana. His grandson the Gazi Çelebi, last Bey of Pervane, transformed his realm into a serious regional naval power, conducting raids against Genoese possessions in the Black Sea and Crimea, as well as against the Empire of Trebizond. See also * List of Sunni Muslim dynasties *List of Iranian dynasties and countries The following is an incomplete list of historical dynasties which were at some time Iranian or the country they ruled were Iranian-speaking and of modern countries with significant Iranian populations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menteshe
__NOTOC__ Menteshe ( ota, منتشه, tr, Menteşe) was the first of the Anatolian beyliks, the frontier principalities established by the Oghuz Turks after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum. Founded in 1260/1290, it was named for its founder, . Its capital city was Milas (Mylasa) in southwestern Anatolia. The heartland of the ''beylik'' corresponded roughly to ancient Caria or to the early modern Muğla Province in Turkey, including the province's three protruding peninsulas. Among the important centers within the ''beylik'' were the cities of Beçin, Milas, Balat, Elmali, Finike, Kaş, Mağrı (modern Fethiye), Muğla, Çameli, Acıpayam, Tavas, Bozdoğan, and Çine. The city of Aydın (formerly Tralles) was controlled by this ''beylik'' for a time, during which it was called "Güzelhisar"; it later was transferred to the Aydinids in the north, who renamed the city for the founder of their dynasty. The Beylik of Menteshe were serious regional naval powers of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beylik Of Lâdik
Lâdik () or Inanjids (Modern Turkish: ''İnançoğulları Beyliği'' ) was an Anatolian beylik with its capital in Denizli. It was one of the frontier principalities established by Oghuz Turkish clans after the decline of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Its name derives from that of Laodicea on the Lycus. The current Turkish province of Denizli was named the ''sanjak Sanjaks (liwāʾ) (plural form: alwiyāʾ) * Armenian: նահանգ (''nahang''; meaning "province") * Bulgarian: окръг (''okrǔg''; meaning "county", "province", or "region") * el, Διοίκησις (''dioikēsis'', meaning "province" ...'' (sub-province) of Lâdik till the early years of the Republic of Turkey. Its rulers are listed below: See also * List of Sunni Muslim dynasties References {{DEFAULTSORT:Beylik Of Ladik Anatolian beyliks History of Denizli States and territories established in 1262 History of Denizli Province ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karasids
The Karasids or Karasid dynasty ( Ottoman قرا صي; Modern Turkish ''Karesioğulları'', ''Karesioğulları Beyliği''), also known as the Principality of Karasi and Beylik of Karasi (''Karasi Beyliği'' or ''Karesi Beyliği'' ), was an Anatolian beylik in the area of classical Mysia (modern Balıkesir and Çanakkale provinces) from ca. 1297–1360. It was centered in Balıkesir and Bergama, and was one of the frontier principalities established by Oghuz Turks after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum. They became a naval power in the Aegean and the Dardanelles. History The Byzantines tried to incite beyliks like Karasids against the Ottomans. However, routes of conquest and other objectives of beyliks such as Karasids did not initially conflict with the Ottomans. The political situation clearly favored the Ottomans. Karasids were the first beylik to be taken over by the neighboring Ottoman dynasty, who were later to found the Ottoman Empire. The acquisition of Kar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karamanids
The Karamanids ( tr, Karamanoğulları or ), also known as the Emirate of Karaman and Beylik of Karaman ( tr, Karamanoğulları Beyliği), was one of the Anatolian beyliks, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Province. From the middle 1300s until its fall in 1487, the Karamanid dynasty was one of the most powerful beyliks in Anatolia. History The Karamanids traced their ancestry from Hodja Sad al-Din and his son Nure Sofi, Nure Sufi Bey, who emigrated from Arran (Caucasus), Arran (roughly encompassing modern-day Azerbaijan) to Sivas because of The Mongol Invasions, the Mongol invasion in 1230. The Karamanids were members of the Salur tribe of Oghuz Turks. According to Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu and others, they were members of the Afshar tribe,Cahen, Claude, ''Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History c. 1071–1330'', trans. J. Jones-Williams (New York: Taplinger, 1968), pp. 281–2. which participated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadi Burhan Al-Din
Qāżi Aḥmad Borhān al-Din ( tr, Kadı Burhâneddin, 8 January 1345 – 1398; az, Qazi Bürhanəddin) was an Oghuz Turkic vizier to the Eretnid rulers of Anatolia. In 1381 he took over Eretnid lands and claimed the title of sultan for himself. He is most often referred to by the title Qadi, a name for Islamic judges, which was his first occupation. Origin and early career He was born on 8 January 1345 in Kayseri. His father, Muhammad Shams al-Din, like his grandfather and great-grandfather, was a '' kadi'', descended from the Oghuz Turkic tribe of Salur. His father gave him his first education, which he furthered in Egypt, Damascus, and Aleppo. When he returned to his hometown in 1364/65, one year after his father's death, the local ruler, the Eretnid Giyath al-Din Muhammad, so esteemed his education and character that he gave the young man not only the post of ''kadi'', but also the hand of his daughter. Despite this unusual favour, Burhan al-Din secretly participated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beylik Of İnal
The Inalids (the sons of İnal or Yinal, tr, İnaloğulları or Yinaloğulları) was the name of a small beylik (principality) which reigned in a small territory around Amid (modern Diyarbakır of Turkey) between 1098–1183. Melikşah, the sultan of Great Seljuk Empire died in 1092. After his death, the western provinces of the empire began to disintegrate. In 1095, the governor of the city of Amid (modern Diyarbakır) was a Turkmen lord ( tr, bey) named Sadr. He defeated other Turkmen lords who tried to capture Amid. After his death his son İnal (Yinal, Inal) declared independence. However Inal soon died and during the reign of İbrahim, the small principality had to accept the suzerainty of its more powerful neighbours; first Seljuks of Syria, then Great Seljuk Empire, then Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm (1105) and finally Sökmenli (Ahlatshahs) (1109). During the reign of Ilaldı, the beylik of Inaloğulları was able to recover. He conquered some territory from Sökmenli and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamidids
Hamidids or Hamed Dynasty (Modern Turkish: ''Hamidoğulları'' or ''Hamidoğulları Beyliği'') also known as the Beylik of Hamid, was one of the 14th century Anatolian beyliks that emerged as a consequence of the decline of the Sultanate of Rum and ruled in the regions around Eğirdir and Isparta in southwestern Anatolia. The Beylik was founded by Dündar Bey (also called Felek al-Din Bey), whose father Ilyas and grandfather Hamid had been frontier rulers under the Seljuks. Felek al- Din's brother Yunus Bey founded the Beylik of Teke centered in Antalya and Korkuteli, neighboring the Hamidid dynasty to the south. During the reign of Ottoman Sultan Murad I, the rulers of Hamit were persuaded to sell Akşehir and Beyşehir. Their territory became the Ottoman Sanjak of Hamid, roughly corresponding to the present-day Isparta Province. See also *List of Sunni Muslim dynasties References {{Medieval states in Anatolia Anatolian beyliks Hamid Hamid Hamid refers to two diffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germiyanids
The Germiyanids ( tr, Germiyanoğulları Beyliği or ''Germiyan Beyliği'') was a prominent Anatolian beylik established by the Oghuz Turkish tribes (probably the Afshar tribe) after the decline of Sultanate of Rûm. However, while the beylik was always mentioned as Turkoman or Oghuz Turkish, the population consisted of Turks and Yezidi Kurds, brought by the Seljuks from the east of Malatya to western Anatolia as militia guards against the threatening Turkish tribesmen.Carl F. Petry, 1998, ''The Cambridge History of Egypt'', Vol. 1, p. 527, Cambridge University Press , , An Anatolian Turco-Kurdish dynasty, with its capital at Kutahya Origins According to Agoston and Masters Germiyanoğulları were Turkomans who had immigrated to the west because of Mongol pressure in the second half of the 13th century. The Germiyanids were of Afshar branch of Oghuz Turks.Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, (1937), ''The Origins of the Ottoman Empire'', p. 37 Germiyanids likely came from Kerman or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eshrefids
The Eshrefids or Ashrafids (Modern Turkish: ''Eşrefoğulları'' or ''Eşrefoğulları Beyliği'' ) was one of the Anatolian beyliks. Capital Its capital was in Beyşehir. Foundation It was one of the frontier principalities established by Oghuz Turkish clans after the decline of Sultanate of Rum. End of dynasty The dynasty ended when Mubariz al-Din Mehmed was executed by Timurtash. List of rulers * Sulayman ibn Eshref Bey (1280-1302) * Mubariz al-Din Mehmed Bey (1302-1320) * Sulayman II Bey (1320–26) See also *Eşrefoğlu Mosque Eşrefoğlu Mosque is a 13th-century mosque in Beyşehir, Konya Province, Turkey It is situated north of the Beyşehir Lake History During the last years of Seljuks of Rum, various governors of Seljuks enjoyed a partial independency. The ... Literature * Claude Cahen: ''Pre-Ottoman Turkey'', 1969 References {{DEFAULTSORT:Eshrefids Anatolian beyliks History of Konya Province States and territories established in the 1280s [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
