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Medical Encyclopedia Of Islam And Iran
The ''Medical Encyclopedia of Islam and Iran'' is a series of reference books being prepared in the Iran's Academy of Medical Sciences. The objective of this project is to publish a 5-volume collection; each one consisting of 1000 pages and 500 articles. Its content will include a history of medicine in Iran and other Islamic countries. So far, a limited number of books and references have been published in Iran and this matter has been the motive of the Academy of Medical Sciences to collect references and compiling the encyclopedia. The field of activity and the subject of the articles are biography of famous Iranian and foreign physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists and herbalists in past centuries, hospitals, medical schools and centers, drugs, herbs, medical instruments and terms in the history of medicine. The articles should be prepared consisting of about 1200 words, but apparently, a few articles will be longer than this limitation. Since this book will be published in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. It covers an area of , making it the 17th-largest country. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz. The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Traditional Medicine
Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) ( fa, طب سنتی ایرانی, tebbe sonnati-e irāni), also known as Persian traditional medicine, is one of the most ancient forms of traditional medicine. ITM is grounded in the concept of four humors: phlegm (Balgham), blood (Dam), yellow bile (Ṣafrā') and black bile (Saudā'). The four humors concept is based on the teachings of Rhazes and Avicenna into an elaborate medical system. Some scholars believe that efforts for revitalizing ITM in recent years have shaped two main attitudes: evidence-based medicine, and quackery. While many academics use evidence-based scientific measurements (for example, various studies have been conducted and reported on the effect of traditional Persian medicine formulas on the SARS-CoV-2 and these treatments have been studied in various clinical trials in Iran), there is also a pseudoscientific stream in the modern academia. History Globally, this medicine reached its peak in Iran, concurrent with po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Encyclopedias
National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, census-designated place * National, Nevada, ghost town * National, Utah, ghost town * National, West Virginia, unincorporated community Commerce * National (brand), a brand name of electronic goods from Panasonic * National Benzole (or simply known as National), former petrol station chain in the UK, merged with BP * National Car Rental, an American rental car company * National Energy Systems, a former name of Eco Marine Power * National Entertainment Commission, a former name of the Media Rating Council * National Motor Vehicle Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 1900-1924 * National Supermarkets, a defunct American grocery store chain * National String Instrument Corporation, a guitar company formed to manufacture the first resonator gui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopedias Of Medicine
An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are arranged alphabetically by article name or by thematic categories, or else are hyperlinked and searchable. Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries. Generally speaking, encyclopedia articles focus on '' factual information'' concerning the subject named in the article's title; this is unlike dictionary entries, which focus on linguistic information about words, such as their etymology, meaning, pronunciation, use, and grammatical forms.Béjoint, Henri (2000)''Modern Lexicography'', pp. 30–31. Oxford University Press. Encyclopedias have existed for around 2,000 years and have evolved considerably during that time as regards language (written in a major international or a ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam And Science
Muslim scholars have developed a spectrum of viewpoints on science within the context of Islam.Seyyed Hossein Nasr. "Islam and Modern Science" The Quran and Islam allows for much interpretation when it comes to science. Scientists of medieval Muslim civilization (e.g. Ibn al-Haytham) contributed to the new discoveries of science. Haq, Syed (2009). "Science in Islam". Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. . Retrieved 2014-10-22. From the eighth to fifteenth century, Muslim mathematicians and astronomers furthered the development of almost all areas of mathematics. At the same time, concerns have been raised about the lack of scientific literacy in parts of the modern Muslim world. Aside from contributions by Muslims to mathematics, astronomy, medicine, optics, chemistry, and natural philosophy, some have argued a very different connection between the religion of Islam and the discipline of science. Some Muslim writers have claimed that the Quran made prescient statements about sci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quran And Miracles
A number of terms are used in Islam to refer to the claims of events happening that are not explicable by natural or scientific laws, subjects where people sometimes invoke the supernatural.Denis Gril, ''Miracles'', Encyclopedia of the Qur'an In the Quran the term (; ar, آية; plural: , literally "sign") refers to signs in the context of miracles of God's creation and of the prophets and messengers (such as Ibrahim/Abraham and Isa/Jesus). In later Islamic sources miracles of the prophets were referred to by (), literally meaning "that by means of which he Prophetconfounds, overwhelms, his opponents"), while miracles of saints are referred to as (charismata)."Annemarie Schimmel" ''And Muhammad is his Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety'' Online Archive Publication date 2017-12-13 Uploaded by Ejaz Archives p. 78 literally the inimitability of the Quran refers to the Quranic claim that no one can hope to imitate its (the Quran's) perfection, this qualit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prophetic Medicine
In Islam, prophetic medicine ( ar, الطب النبوي, ') is the advice given by the prophet Muhammad with regards to sickness, treatment and hygiene as found in the hadith. It is usually practiced primarily by non-physician scholars who collect and explicate these traditions.Muzaffar Iqbal, Science and Islam (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2007),59 Prophetic medicine is distinct from Islamic medicine, which is a broader category encompassing a variety of medical practices rooted in Greek natural philosophy. In practice, prophetic medical traditions encourage not only following Muhammad's teachings, but to search for cures to various ailments as well. The literature of prophetic medicine thus occupies a symbolic role in the elucidation of Islamic identity as constituted by a particular set of relationships to science, medicine, technology and nature. There has historically been a tension in the understanding of the medical narratives of the hadith. Some are unsure whether to tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Al-Razi
Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (full name: ar, أبو بکر محمد بن زکریاء الرازي, translit=Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī, label=none), () rather than ar, زکریاء, label=none (), as for example in , or in . In modern Persian his name is rendered as fa, ابوبکر محمدبن زکریا رازی, label=none (see ), though instead of fa, زکریا, label=none one may also find fa, زکریای, label=none (see ). , often known as (al-)Razi or by his Latin name Rhazes, also rendered Rhasis, was a Persian physician, philosopher and alchemist who lived during the Islamic Golden Age. He is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of medicine, and also wrote on logic, astronomy and grammar. He is also known for his criticism of religion, especially with regard to the concepts of prophethood and revelation. A comprehensive thinker, al-Razi made fundamental and enduring contributions to various fields, which he recorded i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miracles Of Muhammad
Miracles of Muhammad refers to the general accepted consensus miracles performed by Muhammed, the last Prophet of Islam, during his lifetime. These teachings stem from the text of the Quran (the central religious text of Islam), hadith (records of the words, actions, and silent approval, traditionally attributed to Muhammad), and biographies of him. Almost all of these miracles come from the hadith as the vast majority are either not mentioned or what makes them miraculous is not mentioned in the Quran. Miracles attributed to Muhammad encompass a broad range, such as the multiplication of food, manifestation of water, hidden knowledge, prophecies, healing, punishment, and power over nature. According to historian Denis Gril, the Quran does not overtly describe Muhammad performing miracles, and in several verses describes the Quran itself as Muhammad's miracle.Denis Gril, ''Miracles'', Encyclopedia of the Qur'an However, several miracles are reported in the Quran and miracles "app ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medicine In The Medieval Islamic World
In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine" is the science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic, the '' lingua franca'' of Islamic civilization. Islamic medicine adopted, systematized and developed the medical knowledge of classical antiquity, including the major traditions of Hippocrates, Galen and Dioscorides. During the post-classical era, Middle Eastern medicine was the most advanced in the world, integrating concepts of ancient Greek, Roman, Mesopotamian and Persian medicine as well as the ancient Indian tradition of Ayurveda, while making numerous advances and innovations. Islamic medicine, along with knowledge of classical medicine, was later adopted in the medieval medicine of Western Europe, after European physicians became familiar with Islamic medical authors during the Renaissance of the 12th century. Medieval Islamic physicians largely retained their authority until the rise of medicine as a part of the natural sciences, be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic View Of Miracles
A number of terms are used in Islam to refer to the claims of events happening that are not explicable by natural or scientific laws, subjects where people sometimes invoke the supernatural.Denis Gril, ''Miracles'', Encyclopedia of the Qur'an In the Quran the term (; ar, آية; plural: , literally "sign") refers to signs in the context of miracles of God's creation and of the prophets and messengers (such as Ibrahim/Abraham and Isa/Jesus). In later Islamic sources miracles of the prophets were referred to by (), literally meaning "that by means of which he Prophetconfounds, overwhelms, his opponents"), while miracles of saints are referred to as (charismata)."Annemarie Schimmel" ''And Muhammad is his Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety'' Online Archive Publication date 2017-12-13 Uploaded by Ejaz Archives p. 78 literally the inimitability of the Quran refers to the Quranic claim that no one can hope to imitate its (the Quran's) perfection, this qual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Views On Evolution
Islamic views on evolution are diverse, ranging from theistic evolution to Old Earth creationism. Some Muslims around the world believe "humans and other living things have evolved over time", yet some others believe they have "always existed in present form". Some Muslims believe that the processes of life on Earth started from one single point of species with a mixture of water and a viscous clay-like substance. Muslim thinkers have proposed and accepted elements of the theory of evolution, some holding the belief of the supremacy of God in the process. Some scholars suggested that both narratives of creation and of evolution, as understood by modern science, may be believed by modern Muslims as addressing two different kinds of truth, the revealed and the empirical. Others argue that faith and science can be integrated and complement each other.Al-Ali, Muneer (2013). A scientific Tafsir of Qur'anic verses: interplay of faith and science (2nd Ed.). North Charleston, S.C.: CreateS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
