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Martina (tunnel Boring Machine)
The Martina tunnel boring machine is a hard rock tunnel boring machine built by Herrenknecht AG. It is the largest hard rock tunnel boring machine in the world and has been used for drilling the Sparvo Tunnel, a part of the larger Variante di Valico project in Italy. Specifications and operations The Martina has a shield diameter of 15.55 metres, an excavation diameter of 15.62 metres, a length of 130 metres, a total weight of 4500 tonnes and an annual operating consumption of 62 million kWh. The machine started work on the Sparvo tunnel in 2011, with drilling of the 2430-metre north tube completed in 2012. The drilling of the 2600-metre south tube was finished in 2013, bringing the 5-kilometre tunneling project to an end. See also *List of longest tunnels * List of long tunnels by type *List of mining companies This is an incomplete alphabetical list of mining companies. A * Adex Mining * Aditya Birla Group * African Rainbow Minerals * Agnico Eagle * Aiteo * Alumina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunnel Boring Machine
A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a "mole", is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. They may also be used for microtunneling. They can be designed to bore through hard rock, wet or dry soil, or sand. Tunnel diameters can range from (micro-TBMs) to to date. Tunnels of less than a metre or so in diameter are typically done using trenchless construction methods or horizontal directional drilling rather than TBMs. TBMs can be designed to excavate non-circular tunnels, including u-shaped, horseshoe, square or rectangular tunnels. Tunnel boring machines are used as an alternative to drilling and blasting (D&B) methods in rock and conventional "hand mining" in soil. TBMs have the advantages of limiting the disturbance to the surrounding ground and producing a smooth tunnel wall. This significantly reduces the cost of lining the tunnel, and makes them suitable to use in urban areas. The major disadv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herrenknecht
Herrenknecht AG is a German company that manufactures tunnel boring machines, headquartered in Allmannsweier, Schwanau, Baden-Württemberg. It is the worldwide market leader for heavy tunnel boring machines. Roughly two-thirds of its 5,000 employees work at the company's headquarters in the installation of hydraulic and electronic components and final inspection. Approximately 300 work at three locations across China. The company has 82 subsidiaries around the world and has worked on 2,600 projects. History Martin Herrenknecht established the Martin Herrenknecht engineering company in 1975. Two years later, it became Herrenknecht GmbH with capital of 20 million euros. By 1984, Herrenknecht had opened Herrenknecht International Ltd. in Sunderland, England, its first foreign subsidiary. The company later acquired shares in Maschinen und Stahlbau GmbH of Dresden in 1991. Following the merger of the two companies in 1988, Herrenknecht became a joint-stock company (AG), expanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variante Di Valico
Variante di Valico (number A1 var) is a deviation of the Italian A1 motorway opened to traffic on 23 December 2015, between La Quercia and Aglio in central Italy. The entire project covers a length of 62.5 km, of which 37 km involved adding a third lane on each side of the existing A1 and 25 km the construction of the new section, most of which consists of viaducts and tunnels, the longest tunnel being 8.7 km in length. The new section runs parallel to the central part of the Bologna-Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany Regions of Italy, region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilan ... motorway A1. The earlier motorway remains open, providing an alternative route. The A1 splits up north of the Apennines, the two sections rejoining south of the mountains. The twin-bore Sparvo Tunnel was completed in July 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy is also considered part of Western Europe, and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy covers an area of , with a population of over 60 million. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome. Italy was the native place of many civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metres
The metre (British spelling Despite the various English dialects spoken from country to country and within different regions of the same country, there are only slight regional variations in English orthography, the two most notable variations being British and America ...) or meter (American English, American spelling; American and British English spelling differences#-re, -er, see spelling differences) (from the French unit , from the Greek language, Greek noun , "measure"), symbol m, is the primary unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), though its metric prefix, prefixed forms are also used relatively frequently. The metre was originally defined in 1793 as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole along a great circle, so the Earth's circumference is approximately km. In 1799, the metre was redefined in terms of a prototype metre bar (the actual bar used was changed in 1889). In 1960, the metre was redefined in term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonnes
The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the short ton (United States customary units), and the long ton ( British imperial units). It is equivalent to approximately 2204.6 pounds, 1.102 short tons, and 0.984 long tons. The official SI unit is the megagram (symbol: Mg), a less common way to express the same mass. Symbol and abbreviations The BIPM symbol for the tonne is t, adopted at the same time as the unit in 1879.Table 6 . BIPM. Retrieved on 2011-07-10. Its use is also official for the metric ton in the United States, having been adopted by the United States |
List Of Longest Tunnels
This list of longest tunnels ranks tunnels that are at least long. Only continuous tunnels are included. Pipelines, even those that are buried, are excluded. The longest tunnels have been constructed for water distribution, followed by tunnels for railways. __TOC__ World's longest tunnels (in use) World's longest tunnels (under construction) World's longest tunnels (advanced planning stage) World's longest tunnels (abandoned) See also * List of long tunnels by type – contains separate tables for railroad, subway, vehicular, bicycle, water/aquaducts, and also for different building techniques * List of deepest caves * List of deepest mines * Lists of tunnels * List of longest railway tunnels ** List of long railway tunnels in China * List of longest subway tunnel sections * List of longest bridges This is a list of the world's longest bridges that are more than in length sorted by their full length above land and water. The main span is the longest span wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Long Tunnels By Type
This page presents the same tunnels as in list of tunnels by length in separate lists according to the different tunnel types. Rail Note: ''This list only contains tunnels that are longer than .'' Under construction Note: ''This list only contains tunnels that are longer than .'' Underground rapid transit Only continuous tunnel sections should be included, at least long, excluding branches from the longest tunnel. Under construction Only continuous tunnel sections should be included, at least long. Road Under construction Water Under construction Note: There are buried oil and gas pipelines, up to several thousand kilometers long. See also: *List of oil pipelines *List of natural gas pipelines Bicycle and pedestrian Sewerage * Spotswood sewer tunnel Power * London Power Tunnels * Azabu-Hibiya Common Utility Duct Gas * Humber Gas Tunnel Bored * Channel Tunnel Cut-and-cover * Metropolitan Railway Mined Drill and blast * Lötschberg Base ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mining Companies
This is an incomplete alphabetical list of mining companies. A * Adex Mining * Aditya Birla Group * African Rainbow Minerals * Agnico Eagle * Aiteo * Alumina * Anaconda Copper * Anglo American (mining) * Anglo Platinum * AngloGold Ashanti * Antofagasta * Aricom * Arctic Canadian Diamond Company * Astra Resources * Atalaya Mining Minas de Riotinto * Aurubis * Avalon Rare Metals B * Bard Ventures Company * Barrick Gold * BHP * Blaafarveværket * Blackfire Exploration * Boliden * Bougainville Copper * Breakwater Resources C * Cambior * Candente Copper * Canico Resource * Cape Breton Development Corporation * Chinalco * China Molybdenum * Cleveland-Cliffs * CNK International * Coal & Allied * Coal India * Codelco * Colorado Fuel & Iron * Compass Minerals * Compass Resources * Consolidated Zinc * Cordero Mining Company * Crowflight Minerals * Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional * Cuniptau Mines * Cuprom * Cyprus Mines Corporation D * De Beers * Debswana * Doe Run Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heavy Equipment
Heavy equipment or heavy machinery refers to heavy-duty vehicles specially designed to execute construction tasks, most frequently involving earthwork operations or other large construction tasks. ''Heavy equipment'' usually comprises five equipment systems: the implement, traction, structure, power train, and control/information. Heavy equipment has been used since at least the 1st century BC when the ancient Roman engineer Vitruvius described a crane in '' De architectura'' when it was powered via human or animal labor. Heavy equipment functions through the mechanical advantage of a simple machine, the ratio between input force applied and force exerted is multiplied, making tasks which could take hundreds of people and weeks of labor without heavy equipment far less intensive in nature. Some equipment uses hydraulic drives as a primary source of motion. The term "plant" is used to refer to any mobile type of heavy machinery. History The use of heavy equipment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
