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Marsol (hybrid)
Marsol (aka Marisol) is a natural chestnut hybrid, a cross between a European chestnut (Castanea sativa) and Japanese (Castanea crenata) (CA 07). INRA produced this variety from Lalevade-d'Ardèche. It is mainly used as a rootstock because of its good graft compatibility with many varieties. As a rootstock, it is more vigorous than Maraval (equal to Bouche de Betizac or Comballe). Trees are resistant to rust and roots have some resistance to ink disease. Marsol is the most sensitive chestnut cultivary to Dryocosmus kuriphilus - the chestnut gall wasp, and very sensitive to the codling moth,Conduite du Châtaignier en agriculture biologique dans le sud-oues, 2015 fairly sensitive to root asphyxiation, resistant to mosaic virus, slightly susceptible to chestnut blight. Trees are of medium height with a long trunk and branches higher up. Early bud breaks makes the shoot development sensitive to spring frosts. The male catkins flower from June 19–30 June followed by female f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castanea Sativa
''Castanea sativa'', the sweet chestnut, Spanish chestnut or just chestnut, is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world. A substantial, long-lived deciduous tree, it produces an edible seed, the chestnut, which has been used in cooking since ancient times. Description ''C. sativa'' attains a height of with a trunk often in diameter. Around 20 trees are recorded with diameters over including one in diameter at breast height. A famous ancient tree known as the Hundred Horse Chestnut in Sicily was historically recorded at in diameter (although it has split into multiple trunks above ground). The bark often has a net-shaped (retiform) pattern with deep furrows or fissures running spirally in both directions up the trunk. The trunk is mostly straight with branching starting at low heights. The oblong-lanceolate, boldly toothed leaves are long and broad. The flowers of both sexe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maraval (chestnut)
{{Short description, Hybrid chestnut Maraval is a named natural chestnut hybrid (synonym CA 74), a cross between a European chestnut (Castanea sativa) and a Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata). INRA bred this variety in 1986 in France Lalevade-d'Ardèche. Maraval produces a big mahogany colored nut from triangular to elliptical triangular shape. The nut keeps well. Nut peeling is mediocre but good in boiling water. Nuts can be used fresh as well as for processing. Maraval are not very demanding to the quality of the soil and produce nuts in 4 to 5 years. Maraval grow at 250-300 m of altitude in the warm regions of France such as Gironde, Dordogne, Pyrenees-Atlantiques, Midi-Pyrenees. The tree is considered partially pollinating since its pollen is not very fertile. Its early budding makes it sensitive to spring frosts. It is resistant to leaf rust and ink disease. The tree is a mid-season hybrid variety, upright with moderate vigor and medium stature. The medium stature allow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Society For Horticultural Science
The International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) is the world's leading independent organization of horticultural scientists. Its aim is "to promote and encourage research and education in all branches of horticultural science and to facilitate cooperation and knowledge transfer on a global scale through its symposia and congresses (International Horticultural Congress), publications and scientific structure." Membership is open to all interested researchers, educators, students and horticultural industry professionals. The society dates from 1864, and was formally constituted in 1959. It is based in Leuven, Belgium, and is a founding member of the Global Horticultural Initiative. In 2008, it has over 7,000 members from about 150 countries. The ISHS coordinates the distributed network of International Cultivar Registration Authorities, which are responsible for ensuring that the names of plant cultivars and cultivar groups are defined and not duplicated. Publication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pericarp
Fruit anatomy is the plant anatomy of the internal structure of fruit. Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Aggregate fruits are formed from a single compound flower and contain many ovaries or fruitlets. Examples include raspberries and blackberries. Multiple fruits are formed from the fused ovaries of multiple flowers or inflorescence. Examples include fig, mulberry, and pineapple. Simple fruits are formed from a single ovary and may contain one or many seeds. They can be either fleshy or dry. In fleshy fruit, during development, the pericarp (ovary wall) and other accessory structures become the fleshy portion of the fruit. The types of fleshy fruits are berries, pomes, and drupes. In some fruits, the edible portion is not derived from the ovary, but rather from the aril, such as the mangosteen or pomegranate, and the pineapple from which tissue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codling Moth
The codling moth (''Cydia pomonella'') is a member of the Lepidopteran family Tortricidae. They are major pests to agricultural crops, mainly fruits such as apples and pears. Because the larvae are not able to feed on leaves, they are highly dependent on fruits as a food source and thus have a significant impact on crops. The caterpillars bore into fruit and stop it from growing, which leads to premature ripening. Various means of control, including chemical, biological, and preventive, have been implemented. This moth has a widespread distribution, being found on six continents. Adaptive behavior such as diapause and multiple generations per breeding season have allowed this moth to persist even during years of bad climatic conditions. Geographic distribution Although the geographic origin of codling moths is unclear, there are theories of these moths originating from either Europe or the Mediterranean. Scholars believe that the codling moths were introduced to the Americas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus
''Dryocosmus kuriphilus'' is a species of gall wasp known by the common names chestnut gall wasp, Oriental chestnut gall wasp, and Asian chestnut gall wasp. It is native to China and it is known in many other parts of the world, particularly the Northern Hemisphere, as an introduced species and an invasive horticultural pest. It attacks many species of chestnut (genus ''Castanea''), including most cultivated varieties. It is considered the world's worst pest of chestnuts.CABI, 2013''Dryocosmus kuriphilus''.In: Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Distribution When it was first discovered, the wasp was considered to be a species of '' Biorhiza''. It was given its current name in 1951, when it was formally described.''Dryocosmus kuriphilus''. Data Sheets on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytophthora
''Phytophthora'' (from Greek language, Greek (''phytón''), "plant" and (), "destruction"; "the plant-destroyer") is a genus of plant-damaging oomycetes (water molds), whose member species are capable of causing enormous economic losses on crops worldwide, as well as environmental degradation, environmental damage in natural ecosystems. As well as impacting large scale agriculture, ''Phytophthora'' is a nuisance to garden and indoor plant hobbyists as well as bonsai artists. The cell wall of ''Phytophthora'' is made up of cellulose. The genus was first described by Anton de Bary, Heinrich Anton de Bary in 1875. Approximately 170 species have been described, although 100–500 undiscovered ''Phytophthora'' species are estimated to exist. Pathogenicity ''Phytophthora'' species, spp. are mostly pathogens of dicotyledons, and many are relatively host-specific parasites. ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'', though, infects thousands of species ranging from club mosses, ferns, cycads, coni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rust (fungus)
Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales). An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are currently accepted. Rust fungi are highly specialized plant pathogens with several unique features. Taken as a group, rust fungi are diverse and affect many kinds of plants. However, each species has a very narrow range of hosts and cannot be transmitted to non-host plants. In addition, most rust fungi cannot be grown easily in pure culture. A single species of rust fungi may be able to infect two different plant hosts in different stages of its life cycle, and may produce up to five morphologically and cytologically distinct spore-producing structures viz., spermogonia, aecia, uredinia, telia, and basidia in successive stages of reproduction. Each spore type is very host specific, and can typically infect only one kind of plant. Rust fungi are o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bouche Rouge (chestnut)
''Bouche rouge'' is a variety of European chestnut native to the Ardèche, specifically around the town of Saint-Etienne-de-Boulogne. This cultivar may be the result of a hybridization of the cultivar Sardonne with a local variety. ''Bouche rouge'' produces chestnuts of medium to large size, very beautiful appearance and with very good flavor. With the varieties Comballe and Merle, ''Bouche Rouge'' is one of the best chestnuts on the French market. Nuts are bright red and can be kept very well. French cultivation areas are at 500 meters elevation or below in the departments of Ardèche, Gard and Lozère. Cultivation areas with higher humidity have a negative impact on ''Bouche rouge'' foliage. Current production in France is mainly in the region of Antraigues-sur-Volane Antraigues-sur-Volane (, literally ''Antraigues on Volane''; oc, Entraigas) is a former commune in the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southern France. On 1 January 2019, it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castanea Crenata
''Castanea crenata'', the Japanese chestnut, also known as the Korean chestnut is a species of chestnut native to Japan and Korea. ''Castanea crenata'' exhibits resistance to ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'', the fungal pathogen that causes ink disease in several Castanea species. The mechanism of resistance of ''Castanea crenata'' to ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'' may derive from its expression of the Cast_Gnk2-like gene. Description ''Castanea crenata'' is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 10–15 m tall. The leaves are similar to those of the sweet chestnut, though usually a little smaller, 8–19 cm long and 3–5 cm broad. The flowers of both sexes are borne in 7–20 cm long, upright catkins, the male flowers in the upper part and female flowers in the lower part. They appear in summer, and by autumn, the female flowers develop into spiny cupules containing 3–7 brownish nuts that are shed during October. Cultivation and uses ''Castanea crenata'' is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Precoce Migoule (hybrid)
The Precoce Migoule is a chestnut hybrid (CA 48), a natural cross between a European chestnut (Castanea sativa) and a Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata). It was discovered by J. Dufrenoy at the orchard of Migoule in Brive-la-Gaillarde. The tree is vigorous and erect growing with growth of a metre (3 ft) or more in a season if the conditions are right. It is a large sized chestnut tree with height reaching 20 m (60 ft) or more and 7.5-10 m (25-35 ft) wide. Trees start to bear after 3 to 5 years. Full nut production in 12 - 20 years depending on the location. This hybrid can be grown in many areas where grapes are grown. It is cold hardy to -28C (-20F In an orchard with South West orientation it can be grown up to 500 m (1640 ft) elevation. It is an early ripening variety - great for northern climates where late ripening varieties can get damaged by frost - a very dependable producer in cool region It blooms early and is frost sensitive but can produce nuts from secondary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marigoule (hybrid)
Marigoule is the name of a french hybrid of chestnut (synonym M.15 or CA 15), cross between a European chestnut (Castanea sativa) and Japanese (Castanea crenata). In 1986, it originated from a Migoule orchard in Ussac in Corrèze. Marigoule (a contraction of Marron of Migoule) is a very tasty chestnut. It should be planted in rather low altitude in very sunny areas and protected from the wind (up to 300 m elevation for South-West orchard orientation or up to 400 m elevation in South-East orchard orientation). Otherwise its productivity remains small. In France, it is grown mainly South of the Dordogne and Lot-et-Garonne for the fresh market production because of the nuts beautiful appearance. Culture As rootstock, it is graft incompatible with many varieties but compatible with Precoce Migoule, Maridonne, Bournette, Fertil, Sauvage Marron, Precoce Monteil and Sucquette. Marigoule has medium quality pollen. This cultivar can be a pollinator for most of the pollen sterile chest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
