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Marietta Martin
Marietta Martin (1902–1944) was a French writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. She was an editor of ''La France Continue'', a clandestine Resistance newspaper, transformed, after her death, into ''Ici Paris''. Early years and education Marietta Martin (also called Marietta Arthur-Martin or Marietta Martin-Le Dieu) was born 4 October 1902 at Arras ( Pas-de-Calais). She was the daughter of Arthur Martin, editor-in-chief of ''Le Courrier du Pas-de-Calais'', and Henriette Martin-Le Dieu. When she was four, her father died, and she lived with her mother, a piano teacher at Arras, and her sister Lucie. During the German offensive in the north of France in August 1914, the family took refuge in Paris. After attending high school at the lycée Molière, she enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine then switched to study for a degree in literature. She learned several languages, becoming fluent in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Danish. She was a musician, playing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Resistance
The French Resistance (french: La Résistance) was a collection of organisations that fought the German occupation of France during World War II, Nazi occupation of France and the Collaborationism, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy régime during the World War II, Second World War. Resistance Clandestine cell system, cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis (World War II), Maquis in rural areas) who, in addition to their guerrilla warfare activities, were also publishers of underground newspapers, providers of first-hand intelligence information, and maintainers of escape networks that helped Allies of World War II, Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind enemy lines. The Resistance's men and women came from all economic levels and political leanings of French society, including émigrés, academics, students, Aristocratic family, aristocrats, conservative Catholic Church, Roman Catholics (including priests and Yvonne Beauvais, nuns), Protestantis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri De Montfort
Henri de Montfort (19 January 1889 – 30 December 1965) was a French historian, writer, journalist and French Resistance worker. He co-founded ''Ici Paris''. Baltic historian Henri Marie Archambault de Montfort was born on 19 January 1889 in La Flèche (Sarthe). He defended his political science thesis on Condorcet’s ideas on suffrage in 1915 at the University of Poitiers. He was the director of Alexandre Ribot’s secretariat during Ribot’s last term as President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Foreign Affairs (March - September 1917). In 1919 he married Annie Deguirmendjian-Shah-Vekil, with whom he published several books. They had four children: Claude, Marc, Anne-Marie and François. A specialist in Eastern European issues, Henri de Montfort was a professor at the Institute of Higher International Studies and at the Centre for Polish Studies in Paris. From 1923 to 1932, Henri de Montfort was the special correspondent for French newspaper ''Le Temps'' in P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cologne
Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western States of Germany, state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 million people in the Cologne Bonn Region, urban region. Centered on the left bank of the Rhine, left (west) bank of the Rhine, Cologne is about southeast of NRW's state capital Düsseldorf and northwest of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. The city's medieval Catholic Cologne Cathedral (), the third-tallest church and tallest cathedral in the world, constructed to house the Shrine of the Three Kings, is a globally recognized landmark and one of the most visited sights and pilgrimage destinations in Europe. The cityscape is further shaped by the Twelve Romanesque churches of Cologne, and Cologne is famous for Eau de Cologne, that has been produced in the city since 1709, and "col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saarbrücken
Saarbrücken (; french: link=no, Sarrebruck ; Rhine Franconian: ''Saarbrigge'' ; lb, Saarbrécken ; lat, Saravipons, lit=The Bridge(s) across the Saar river) is the capital and largest city of the state of Saarland, Germany. Saarbrücken is Saarland's administrative, commercial and cultural centre and is next to the French border. The modern city of Saarbrücken was created in 1909 by the merger of three towns, Saarbrücken, St. Johann, and Malstatt-Burbach. It was the industrial and transport centre of the Saar coal basin. Products included iron and steel, sugar, beer, pottery, optical instruments, machinery, and construction materials. Historic landmarks in the city include the stone bridge across the Saar (1546), the Gothic church of St. Arnual, the 18th-century Saarbrücken Castle, and the old part of the town, the ''Sankt Johanner Markt'' (Market of St. Johann). In the 20th century, Saarbrücken was twice separated from Germany: from 1920 to 1935 as capit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Court (Germany)
The People's Court (german: Volksgerichtshof, acronymed to ''VGH'') was a ' ("special court") of Nazi Germany, set up outside the operations of the constitutional frame of law. Its headquarters were originally located in the former Prussian House of Lords in Berlin, later moved to the former '' Königliches Wilhelms-Gymnasium'' at Bellevuestrasse 15 in Potsdamer Platz (the location now occupied by the Sony Center; a marker is located on the sidewalk nearby). The court was established in 1934 by order of Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler, in response to his dissatisfaction at the outcome of the Reichstag fire trial in front of the Reich Court of Justice (''Reichsgericht'') in which all but one of the defendants were acquitted. The court had jurisdiction over a rather broad array of "political offenses", which included crimes like black marketeering, work slowdowns, defeatism, and treason against Nazi Germany. These crimes were viewed by the court as ''Wehrkraftzersetzung'' ("the dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Santé Prison
La Santé Prison (named after its location on the Rue de la Santé) (french: Maison d'arrêt de la Santé or ) is a prison operated by the French Prison Service of the Ministry of Justice located in the east of the Montparnasse district of the 14th arrondissement in southern Paris, France at 42 Rue de la Santé. It is one of the most famous prisons in France, with both VIP and maximum security sections. La Santé is one of the three main prisons of the Paris area, along with Fleury-Mérogis (Europe's largest prison) and Fresnes, both located in the southern suburbs. History The architect Joseph Auguste Émile Vaudremer built the prison, which was inaugurated on 20 August 1867. The prison is located on the site of a former coal market and replaced the Madelonnettes Convent in the 3rd Arrondissement, which had been used as a prison since the French Revolution. Previously, on the same site, was a ''Maison de la santé'' (House of Health), built on the orders of Anne of Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Frenay
Henri Frenay Sandoval (1905–1988) was a French military officer and French Resistance member. He was born in Lyon, France, on 11 November 1905, into a Catholic family with a military tradition. He studied the Germanic languages at the University of Strasbourg. Afterwards, he became a soldier like his father and studied in École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr, Saint Cyr and the École Supérieure de Guerre and reached the rank of Captain (land), captain in 1934. At the outbreak of World War II, he rejoined the French army. Nazi Germany, German Wehrmacht, forces captured him in Vosges. He arrived in Marseille after escaping from a POW camp in Alsace on 27 June 1940. At first Frenay supported the Vichy Regime but was soon disillusioned by the Nazi tendency of the Pétain regime, and he subsequently formed the French Resistance group List of networks and movements of the French Resistance, Mouvement de Libération Nationale in 1940. He became an editor of underground newspapers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geheime Feldpolizei
The ''Geheime Feldpolizei'', short: ''GFP'' (), , was the secret military police of the German Wehrmacht until the end of the Second World War (1945). Its units carried out plain-clothed security work in the field - such as counter-espionage, counter-sabotage, detection of treasonable activities, counter-propaganda, protecting military installations and the provision of assistance to the German Army in courts-martial investigations. GFP personnel, who were also classed as ''Abwehrpolizei'', operated as an executive branch of German military intelligence, detecting resistance activity in Germany and in occupied France. They were also known to carry out torture and executions of prisoners. Formation The need for a secret military police developed after the German annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938 and the occupation of Bohemia in 1939. Although SS ''Einsatzgruppen'' units originally under the command of the '' Sicherheitspolizei'' (Security Police; SiPo) had been used du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Guédon
Robert Guédon (1902-1978) was a founding member of the French resistance in the ''zone occupée'' (occupied zone) during World War II. Biography Guédon was an officer from the '' tirailleurs'' (a skirmishing unit) who had graduated from the Saint-Cyr military academy and had fought in the Rif. He made the acquaintance of Henri Frenay at some point during military school where he became a specialist of the ''4th Bureau''. Leader of a company of the French 13th motorized infantry, he was wounded by a bomb explosion at the start of the German offensive. In collaboration with Frenay and Lieutenant Pierre de Froment, Guédon organised the ''Libération Nationale'' information and propaganda movement. When the '' Combat Zone Nord'' group was annihilated through arrests, Guédon passed into the '' zone Sud''. He commanded a company of the 7th regiment of Moroccan ''tirailleurs'' in Morocco until the allied landings. During the Tunisian campaign, he was head of the 4th ''Bureau'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Burgard
Raymond Burgard (15 September 1892 in Troyes – 15 June 1944 in Cologne) was a French Resistance worker. Life alsace, Alsatian in origin, he graduated in grammar in 1928. In September 1937, he was made literature professor at lycée Buffon in Paris. A trade unionist, he stood as a candidate for the Syndicat des personnels de l'enseignement secondaire (SPES) in the elections to the Conseil supérieur de l'Instruction publique (CSIP) in May 1938. In September he joined the Munich Agreement, anti-Munich camp. A protestor from the outset, he founded the resistance movement in Valmy on 21 September 1940, with four friends from the left-leaning Catholic group Ligue de la jeune République, Jeune République. The group produced several posters, posted on Paris walls or over German posters. One proclaimed '' Vive la République, quand même '' (''Long live the Republic, whatever happens''). Burgard also edited tracts in German aimed at sapping the occupying troops' morale and encour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suzanne Feingold
Suzanne Feingold (1904–1977) was a French Resistance worker. She was an editor of ''Ici Paris''. Early life Suzanne Feingold was born on February 1, 1904, in the 9th district of Paris. She was the daughter of Sehie Ber, known as Otto Feingold, and Louise Zimmermann. Her parents became French citizens in 1908: her father by naturalization (he was born in the Austrian Empire in 1866) and her mother by Relapse, reinstatement (she was born in Barr, Bas-Rhin, Barr, Alsace in 1865). Suzanne married Roger Lévi in 1922, and had a daughter. Work for the AIU After obtaining her Baccalauréat, baccalaureate, Suzanne Feingold served as Secretary of the Israelite Universal Alliance, Universal Alliance (in French, the ''Alliance Israélite Universelle, Alliance Israelite Universelle'' or AIU) from 1924 to the end of 1945. In the Resistance Feingold was part of the creation of France Continues (''La France Continue''). Notable members of this resistance movement included Henri de Montfort, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
