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Mariaella
''Mariaella'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Ariophantidae. Species from genus ''Mariaella'' are also pests on vanilla.Mavinkurve R. G., Shanbhag S. P. & Madhyastha N. A. 2004Checklist of terrestrial gastropods of Karnataka, India'' Zoos' Print Journal 19(11):1684-1686. Species Species in the genus ''Mariaella'' include: * ''Mariaella beddomei'' (Godwin-Austen, 1888) * '' Mariaella dussumieri'' (Gray, 1855) - type species Distribution India. Western Ghats, from Mahableshwar southwards, and hill-country of Ceylon. Shell description The shell is internal, solid, ovate, convex above, flatly concave beneath, with a small apex, not coiled, lying on the right side as seen from about near the end. Anatomy The animal very similar to that of ''Girasia'', but the lobes of the mantle united into an oval shield, tricarinate above and completely covering the shell, only a small pinhole-like orifice near the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariaella Dussumieri
''Mariaella dussumieri'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ariophantidae. ''Mariaella dussumieri'' is the type species of the genus ''Mariaella''. Its specific name is in honor of French merchant Jean-Jacques Dussumier. Distribution This species lives in India. It is endemic to Western Ghats. In the Western Ghats it occurs as far north as the Kadur district of Mysore and perhaps to Mahableshwar. Hill-tracts of Ceylon. The type locality was Mahé, India, a small town between Calicut and Cannanore on the Malabar coast. This species has not yet become established in the USA, but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore, it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA.Cowie R. H., Dillon R. T., Robinson D. G. & Smith J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariaella Beddomei
''Mariaella beddomei'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ariophantidae. The specific name is in honor of Richard Henry Beddome. Distribution This species lives in India. It is endemic to Western Ghats.Mavinkurve R. G., Shanbhag S. P. & Madhyastha N. A. 2004Checklist of terrestrial gastropods of Karnataka, India'' Zoos' Print Journal 19(11):1684-1686. Its localities include Travancore Hills. Shell description The internal shell is thinner than in '' Mariaella dussumieri'', shelly, flat and smooth beneath, white, with close, concentric lines of growth. The length of the adult shell is 12 mm, the breath is 6.5 mm. Anatomy The body of the animal varies greatly in color from uniform ochre to deep grey-black or spotted. There are no raised ridges on the shell-lobes. It is externally similar to ''Mariaella dussumieri'', but larger, about in length when fully extended. It has more numerous teeth in the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of India
The non-marine molluscs of India are a part of the molluscan fauna of India. There are 5070 species of marine and non-marine molluscs living in the wild in India. There are 3371 species of marine molluscs in India.Aravind N. A., Rajshekhar K. P. & Madhaystha N. A''Patterns of Land Snail Distribution in the Western Ghats'' last change 10 October 2006, accessed 1 March 2009. There are 1671 species of non-marine molluscs living in the wild in India. This includes 1488 terrestrial species in 140 genera and 183 freshwater species in 53 genera. There are a total of species of gastropods, which breaks down to ?? species of freshwater gastropods, and 1488 species of land gastropods, plus ?? species of bivalves living in the wild. ;Summary table of number of species Freshwater gastropods Neritidae * '' Neripteron auriculatum'' (Lamarck, 1816)'' * '' Neripteron violaceum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * '' Neritina pulligera'' (Linnaeus, 1767)(file created 29 July 2010FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ariophantidae
Ariophantidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Distribution The distribution of the family Ariophantidae includes India and south-eastern Asia. Anatomy Snails within this family make and use love darts made of chitin. In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 25 and also lies between 31 and 35, but other values are also possible (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M. (2001). ''Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142. Taxonomy Subfamilies The family Ariophantidae consists of 3 subfamilies: * Ariophantinae Godwin-Austen, 1888 - synonyms: Naninidae Pfeffer, 1878 (inv.); Hemiplectinae Gude & B. B. Woo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families. The taxon Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger ''et al.'', dating from 2010. Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous Period to the present. Pulmonates have a single atrium and kidney, and a concentrated, symmetrical, nervous system. The mantle cavity is located on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermaphroditic, and some groups possess love darts. Linnean taxonomy The taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reproductive System Of Gastropods
The reproductive system of gastropods (slugs and snails) varies greatly from one group to another within this very large and diverse taxonomic class of animals. Their reproductive strategies also vary greatly, see Mating of gastropods. In many marine gastropods there are separate sexes (male and female); most terrestrial gastropods however are hermaphrodites. Courtship is a part of the behaviour of mating gastropods. In some families of pulmonate land snails, one unusual feature of the reproductive system and reproductive behavior is the creation and utilization of love darts, the throwing of which has been identified as a form of sexual selection. Gastropods are defined as snails and slugs, belonging to a larger group called Molluscs. Gastropods have unique reproductive systems, varying significantly from one taxonomic group to another. They can be separated into three categories: marine, freshwater, and land. Reproducing in marine or freshwater environments makes getting s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pneumostome
The pneumostome or breathing pore is a respiratory opening of the external body anatomy of an air-breathing land slug or land snail. It is a part of the respiratory system of gastropods. It is an opening in the right side of the mantle of a stylommatophoran snail or slug. Air enters through the pneumostome into the animal's single lung, the air-filled mantle cavity. Inside the mantle cavity the animal has a highly vascularized area of tissue that functions as a lung. The pneumostome is often much easier to see in slugs than in snails, because of the absence of a shell which can often block the view of this area. In a land slug, when the pneumostome is wide open, it is usually very clearly visible on the right side of the animal. However, the position of the pneumostome is often not at all easy to discern when this orifice is completely closed. The pneumostome opens and closes in a cyclical manner. The frequency of pneumostome closing and opening is typically less than 0.5 cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantle (mollusc)
The mantle (also known by the Latin word pallium meaning mantle, robe or cloak, adjective pallial) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself. In many species of molluscs the epidermis of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin, and creates a shell. In sea slugs there is a progressive loss of the shell and the mantle becomes the dorsal surface of the animal. The words mantle and pallium both originally meant cloak or cape, see mantle (vesture). This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle, usually referred to as the ''mantle margin'', extend far beyond the main part of the body, forming flaps, double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses, including for example, the siphon. Mantle cavity The ''mantle cavity'' is a central fea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apex (mollusc)
In anatomy, an apex (adjectival form: apical) is part of the shell of a mollusk. The apex is the pointed tip (the oldest part) of the shell of a gastropod, scaphopod, or cephalopod. The apex is used in end-blown conches. Gastropods The word "apex" is most often used to mean the tip of the spire of the shell of a gastropod. The apex is the first-formed, and therefore the oldest, part of the shell. To be more precise, the apex would usually be where the tip of the embryonic shell or protoconch is situated, if that is still present in the adult shell (often it is lost or eroded away). Coiled gastropod shells The phrase apical whorls, or protoconch, means the whorls that constitute the embryonic shell at the apex of the shell, especially when this is clearly distinguishable from the later whorls of the shell, otherwise known as the teleoconch. Comparison of the apical part and the whole shell of ''Otukaia kiheiziebisu'': File:Calliostoma kiheiziebisu apex.png File:Calliostoma k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod Shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of a Gastropoda, gastropod or snail, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it (semi-slug). Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the Aperture (mollusc), aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group. Shell layers The gastropod shell has three major layers secreted by the Mantle (mollusc), mantle. The calcareous central layer, tracum, is typically made of calcium carbonate precipitated into an organic matrix known as c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceylon
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, and southeast of the Arabian Sea; it is separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. Sri Lanka shares a maritime border with India and Maldives. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is its legislative capital, and Colombo is its largest city and financial centre. Sri Lanka has a population of around 22 million (2020) and is a multinational state, home to diverse cultures, languages, and ethnicities. The Sinhalese are the majority of the nation's population. The Tamils, who are a large minority group, have also played an influential role in the island's history. Other long established groups include the Moors, the Burghers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahableshwar
Mahabaleshwar () is a small town and a municipal council in Satara district, Maharashtra, India. It is a place of pilgrimage for Hindus because Krishna river has its origin here. The British colonial rulers developed the town as a hill station, and served as the summer capital of Bombay Presidency during the British Raj. Geography Mahabaleshwar is located on the mountainous Sahyadri range of the Western ghats that run North to south along western coast of India. The coordinates of the town are . Mahabaleshwar is a vast plateau measuring , bound by valleys on all sides. It reaches a height of at its highest peak above sea level, known as Wilson/Sunrise Point The town is about southwest of Pune and from Mumbai, . Mahabaleshwar comprises three villages: Malcolm Peth, Old "Kshetra" Mahabaleshwar and part of the Shindola village. Mahabaleshwar region is the source of the Krishna River that flows across Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The legendary source ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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