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Margarodidae
The Margarodidae (illegitimately as Margodidae) or ground pearls are a family of scale insects within the superfamily Coccoidea. Members of the family include the Polish cochineal and Armenian cochineal (genus ''Porphyrophora'') and the original ground pearl genus, ''Margarodes''. Beginning in 1880, a number of distinct subfamilies were recognized, with the giant coccids (the Monophlebidae) being the first.Maskell recognized the Monophlebidae as a separate family that year, Although Maskell proposed a new family, many continued to regard the monophlebids as a mere subfamily for many years, and the Margarodidae classification continued to be polyphyletic through the 20th Century. Since then, taking the advice of Koteja several subfamilies and tribes have been elevated into their own families such as Matsucoccidae and Xylococcidae. The pared-down family of Margarodidae (Margarodidae ''sensu stricto'' or Margarodidae s. s.) is monophyletic. List of genera * '' Dimargarodes'' Sil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scale Insects
Scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha. Of dramatically variable appearance and extreme sexual dimorphism, they comprise the infraorder Coccomorpha which is considered a more convenient grouping than the superfamily Coccoidea due to taxonomic uncertainties. Adult females typically have soft bodies and no limbs, and are concealed underneath domed scales, extruding quantities of wax for protection. Some species are hermaphroditic, with a combined ovotestis instead of separate ovaries and testes. Males, in the species where they occur, have legs and sometimes wings, and resemble small flies. Scale insects are herbivores, piercing plant tissues with their mouthparts and remaining in one place, feeding on sap. The excess fluid they imbibe is secreted as honeydew on which sooty mold tends to grow. The insects often have a mutualistic relationship with ants, which feed on the honeydew and protect them from predators. There are about 8,000 descr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccoidea
Scale insects are small insects of the Order (biology), order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha. Of dramatically variable appearance and extreme sexual dimorphism, they comprise the infraorder Coccomorpha which is considered a more convenient grouping than the superfamily Coccoidea due to taxonomic uncertainties. Adult females typically have soft bodies and no limbs, and are concealed underneath domed scales, extruding quantities of wax for protection. Some species are hermaphroditic, with a combined ovotestis instead of separate ovaries and testes. Males, in the species where they occur, have legs and sometimes wings, and resemble small flies. Scale insects are herbivores, piercing plant tissues with their mouthparts and remaining in one place, feeding on sap. The excess fluid they imbibe is secreted as Honeydew (secretion), honeydew on which sooty mold tends to grow. The insects often have a Mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship with ants, which feed on the honeydew and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porphyrophora Hamelii
The Armenian cochineal (''Porphyrophora hamelii''), also known as the Ararat cochineal or Ararat scale, is a scale insect indigenous to the Ararat plain and Aras (Araks) River valley in the Armenian Highlands and in Turkey. It was formerly used to produce an eponymous crimson carmine dyestuff known in Armenia as ''vordan karmir'' ( hy, որդան կարմիր, literally "worm's red") and historically in Persia as ''kirmiz''. Vedeler, citing Cardon (2007), notes that "the Persian name ''Kirmiz'' originally referred to the Armenian carmine, a parasitic insect living on Gramineae grass, but the same name was also used by Arab geographers for insects living on oak trees in Maghreb and Al-Andalus, probably referring to ''Kermes vermilio''", although " is ... not clear whether the 'Kirmiz' dyestuff mentioned in early Arab texts always refers to the use of the insect ''Kermes Vermilio''." English translation by Caroline Higgitt of Cardon's French-language book ''Le monde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Cochineal
The Armenian cochineal (''Porphyrophora hamelii''), also known as the Ararat cochineal or Ararat scale, is a scale insect indigenous to the Ararat plain and Aras (Araks) River valley in the Armenian Highlands and in Turkey. It was formerly used to produce an eponymous crimson carmine dyestuff known in Armenia as ''vordan karmir'' ( hy, որդան կարմիր, literally "worm's red") and historically in Persia as ''kirmiz''. Vedeler, citing Cardon (2007), notes that "the Persian name ''Kirmiz'' originally referred to the Armenian carmine, a parasitic insect living on Gramineae grass, but the same name was also used by Arab geographers for insects living on oak trees in Maghreb and Al-Andalus, probably referring to ''Kermes vermilio''", although " is ... not clear whether the 'Kirmiz' dyestuff mentioned in early Arab texts always refers to the use of the insect ''Kermes Vermilio''." English translation by Caroline Higgitt of Cardon's French-language book ''Le monde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margarodes
The scale insect genus ''Margarodes'' is a group in the family Margarodidae. The type species is ''Margarodes formicarum''. The genus was erected in 1828 by Lansdown Guilding who found these waxy "pearls" in the soil on the island of Bahama, associated with ants, and named a species ''Margarodes formicarum''. Species * ''Margarodes aurelianus'' Hall, 1945 * ''Margarodes australis'' Jakubski, 1965 * ''Margarodes basrahensis'' Jakubski, 1965 * ''Margarodes capensis'' Giard, 1897 * ''Margarodes carvalhoi'' Costa, 1950 * ''Margarodes chukar'' La, 1967 * ''Margarodes congolensis'' Jakubski, 1965 * ''Margarodes dactyloides'' McDaniel, 1966 * ''Margarodes floridanus'' Jakubski, 1965 * ''Margarodes formicarum'' Guilding, 1829 * ''Margarodes gallicus'' Signoret, 1876 * ''Margarodes gimenezi'' Podtiaguin, 1941 * ''Margarodes greeni'' Brain, 1915 * ''Margarodes morrisoni'' McDaniel, 1965 * ''Margarodes newsteadi'' Brain, 1915 * ''Margarodes papillosus'' Green, 1912 * ''Margarodes paulistus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marchalina
''Marchalina hellenica'' is a scale insect that lives in the eastern Mediterranean region, mainly in Greece and Turkey. It is an invasive species in Melbourne, Australia. It lives by sucking the sap of pine trees, mainly the Turkish Pine (''Pinus brutia'') and, to smaller extent, Aleppo Pine (''Pinus halepensis''), Scots Pine (''Pinus sylvestris'') and Stone Pine (''Pinus pinea''). It can be found in the cracks and under the scales of the bark of these trees, hidden under the white cotton-like wax it secretes. Its main form of reproduction is parthenogenesis. The honeydew it produces is an important source of food for forest honey bee A honey bee (also spelled honeybee) is a eusocial flying insect within the genus ''Apis'' of the bee clade, all native to Afro-Eurasia. After bees spread naturally throughout Africa and Eurasia, humans became responsible for the current cosm ...s, which produce pine honey. In Greece and Turkey, about 60% of the honey production is de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmococcus (insect)
The scale insect genus ''Desmococcus'' is a group in the family Pityococcidae, comprising two species from the western United States, feeding on pines. The type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specime ... is ''Desmococcus captivus'' Notes References * *Abstract and Table of Contents Archaeococcoids Hemiptera of North America Sternorrhyncha genera {{Coccoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophlebidae
Monophlebidae is a family of scale insects commonly known as the giant scales or monophlebids. They occur in most parts of the world but more genera are found in the tropics than elsewhere.UDSA Agricultural Research Service The cottony cushion scale, '''', is a serious commercial pest on many families of woody plants, including ''''. It has spread worldwide from Australia. Taxonomy At one time, Monophlebidae was considered to be a subfamily of |
Eurhizococcus
''Eurhizococcus'' is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Margarodidae The Margarodidae (illegitimately as Margodidae) or ground pearls are a family of scale insects within the superfamily Coccoidea. Members of the family include the Polish cochineal and Armenian cochineal (genus ''Porphyrophora'') and the original .... The species of this genus are found in South America. Species: *'' Eurhizococcus brasiliensis'' *'' Eurhizococcus brevicornis'' *'' Eurhizococcus colombianus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10491261 Margarodidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosicha
''Drosicha'' is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Margarodidae The Margarodidae (illegitimately as Margodidae) or ground pearls are a family of scale insects within the superfamily Coccoidea. Members of the family include the Polish cochineal and Armenian cochineal (genus ''Porphyrophora'') and the original .... The species of this genus are found in Eurasia. Species: *'' Drosicha afganica'' *'' Drosicha burmeisteri'' *'' Drosicha contrahens'' *'' Drosicha corpulenta'' *'' Drosicha dalbergiae'' *'' Drosicha frauenfeldi'' *'' Drosicha howardi'' *'' Drosicha jujubae'' *'' Drosicha koreiensis'' *'' Drosicha leachii'' *'' Drosicha littorea'' *'' Drosicha malaysiensis'' *'' Drosicha mangiferae'' *'' Drosicha maskelli'' *'' Drosicha minor'' *'' Drosicha palavanica'' *'' Drosicha philippinensis'' *'' Drosicha pinicola'' *'' Drosicha quadricaudata'' *'' Drosicha saundersii'' *'' Drosicha stebbingii'' *'' Drosicha sumatrensis'' *'' Drosicha townsendi'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porphyrophora
The scale insect genus ''Porphyrophora'' is a large group in the family Margarodidae, which includes the insects Polish cochineal and Armenian cochineal formerly used in dye A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they color. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution an ... production. References Margarodidae Sternorrhyncha genera {{Coccoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Cochineal
Polish cochineal (''Porphyrophora polonica''), also known as Polish carmine scales, is a scale insect formerly used to produce a crimson dye of the same name, colloquially known as "Saint John's blood". The larvae of ''P. polonica'' are sessile parasites living on the roots of various herbs—especially those of the perennial knawel—growing on the sandy soils of Central Europe and other parts of Eurasia. Before the development of aniline, alizarin, and other synthetic dyes, the insect was of great economic importance, although its use was in decline after the introduction of Mexican cochineal to Europe in the 16th century. Biology Life cycle In mid-July, the female Polish cochineal lays approximately 600-700 eggs, encased with a white waxy ootheca, in the ground. When the larvae hatch in late August or early September, they do not leave the egg case but remain inside until the end of winter. In late March or early April, the larvae emerge from the ground to feed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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