Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus
Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus (born no later than 93 BC – died 42 BC) was a senator and praetor of the Roman Republic. He was born with the name ''Appius Claudius Pulcher'', into the patrician family of the Claudii Pulchri but adopted by a Livii Drusi as a small child. His daughter Livia Drusilla became the wife of the first Roman Emperor Augustus, and he was a direct ancestor of the Julio-Claudian emperors Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero. Biography Background As a Pulcher, Claudianus was a direct descendant of the consul and censor Appius Claudius Caecus through his son Publius Claudius Pulcher. Claudianus descended via the first Appius Claudius Pulcher, who was consul in 212 BC and Publius Claudius Pulcher's son or grandson. Antiquarian Bartolomeo Borghesi suggested that his biological father could have been either Appius Claudius Pulcher (military tribune in the year 87 BC) or the Gaius Claudius Pulcher (legate or praetor in 73 BC); both of these men were so ...
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Alfidia
Alfidia was the mother of Rome's first empress, Livia. She is mistakenly called ''Aufidia'' by Suetonius, and this was assumed to be her name for centuries, but inscriptions found shows that her name was the rare nomen Alfidia. Biography It was once thought that she was a daughter to Roman Magistrate Marcus Aufidius Lurco. In actuality her name was ''Alfidia'', a nomen which was quite rare. She married the future praetor, Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus. They had at least one child: a daughter Livia Drusilla (59 BC-29 AD). Her husband also adopted Marcus Livius Drusus Libo, who served as a Roman consul. Livia was to become the first Roman Empress and third wife of the first Roman Emperor Augustus. Alfidia would be the maternal grandmother to Roman emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero and Roman General Nero Claudius Drusus. The Roman emperors Caligula, Claudius and Nero were her direct descendants. Cultural depictions Deborah Moore appears as Alfidia, the mother of a fictionalized L ...
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Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his death in AD 68. He was adopted by the Roman emperor Claudius at the age of 13 and succeeded him on the throne. Nero was popular with the members of his Praetorian Guard and lower-class commoners in Rome and its provinces, but he was deeply resented by the Roman aristocracy. Most contemporary sources describe him as tyrannical, self-indulgent, and debauched. After being declared a public enemy by the Roman Senate, he committed suicide at age 30. Nero was born at Antium in AD 37, the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger, a great-granddaughter of the emperor Augustus. When Nero was two years old, his father died. His mother married the emperor Claudius, who eventually adopted Nero as his heir; when Cla ...
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Ronald Syme
Sir Ronald Syme, (11 March 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a New Zealand-born historian and classicist. He was regarded as the greatest historian of ancient Rome since Theodor Mommsen and the most brilliant exponent of the history of the Roman Empire since Edward Gibbon. His great work was ''The Roman Revolution'' (1939), a masterly and controversial analysis of Roman political life in the period following the assassination of Julius Caesar. Life Syme was born to David and Florence Syme in Eltham, New Zealand in 1903, where he attended primary and secondary school; a bad case of measles seriously damaged his vision during this period. He moved to New Plymouth Boys' High School (a house of which bears his name today) at the age of 15, and was head of his class for both of his two years. He continued to the University of Auckland and Victoria University of Wellington, where he studied French language and literature while working on his degree in Classics. He was then educated at ...
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Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul 92 BC)
Gaius Claudius Pulcher was a Roman Republic consul in 92 BC, together with Marcus Perperna. His great-grandfather was Gaius Claudius Pulcher in 177 BC. In 100 BC, he was one of those took up arms against Saturninus. In 99 BC, he was curule aedile, and in the games celebrated by him elephants were for the first time exhibited in the circus, and painting employed in the scenic decorations. In 95 BC, he was praetor in Sicily, and, by direction of the senate, gave laws to the Halesini respecting the appointment of their senate. The Mamertines made him their patronus. He was consul in 92 BC. Cicero speaks of him as a man possessed of great power and some ability as an orator.Cicero, ''Brutus Marcus Junius Brutus (; ; 85 BC – 23 October 42 BC), often referred to simply as Brutus, was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by a relative, he used the name Quintus Serv ..., 45 References * {{DEFAULTSORT:Cl ...
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Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 79 BC)
Appius Claudius Pulcher (c. 129 BC – 76 BC) was a Roman noble, general and politician of the 1st century BC. He was the father of a number of renowned Romans, most notable: the infamous Clodius and Clodia. Biography There is uncertainty about who his father was. It was most probably the Appius Claudius Pulcher who was consul in 143 BC. He was a supporter of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and served as praetor in 88 BC. He was exiled in that year by Gaius Marius while Sulla was away in the east. He returned to Rome after Lucius Cornelius Cinna died in 84 BC, and served as consul in 79 BC and as governor of Roman Macedonia from 78 BC to 76 BC. Family Appius Claudius Pulcher was likely married to a Caecilia Metella (a daughter of Balearicus), although this is not universally agreed upon, T. P. Wiseman believes that his wife was a Servilia Caepione (it is known that there was a Servilia around this time that was the wife of a Pulcher, but it is not known who either of them were). J ...
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Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul 130 BC)
Gaius Claudius Pulcher may refer to: * Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul 177 BC), consul in 177 BC * Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul 130 BC), consul in 130 BC * Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul 92 BC) Gaius Claudius Pulcher was a Roman Republic consul in 92 BC, together with Marcus Perperna. His great-grandfather was Gaius Claudius Pulcher in 177 BC. In 100 BC, he was one of those took up arms against Saturninus. In 99 BC, he was curule aedil ...

Gaius Claudius Pulcher (preator 73 BC)
Gaius Claudius Pulcher may refer to: * Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul 177 BC), consul in 177 BC * Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul 130 BC), consul in 130 BC * Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul 92 BC) Gaius Claudius Pulcher was a Roman Republic consul in 92 BC, together with Marcus Perperna. His great-grandfather was Gaius Claudius Pulcher in 177 BC. In 100 BC, he was one of those took up arms against Saturninus. In 99 BC, he was curule aedil ...

Military Tribune
A military tribune (Latin ''tribunus militum'', "tribune of the soldiers") was an officer of the Roman army who ranked below the legate and above the centurion. Young men of Equestrian rank often served as military tribune as a stepping stone to the Senate. The ''tribunus militum'' should not be confused with the elected political office of tribune of the people ''(tribunus plebis)'' nor with that of '' tribunus militum consulari potestate''. Early Rome The word ''tribunus'' derives from '' tribus'', "tribe". In Rome's earliest history, each of the three tribes (Ramnes, Luceres, and Tities) sent one commander when an army was mustered, since there was no standing army. The tribunes were commanders of the original legion of 3,000. By the time of the Greek historian Polybius (d. 118 BC), the tribunes numbered six, and they were appointed by the consuls. However, the process by which tribunes were chosen and assigned is complex and varies at different times. Republican period In ...
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Appius Claudius Pulcher (tribune 87 BC)
Appius Claudius Pulcher may refer to: * Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 212 BC) * Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 185 BC) * Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 143 BC) * Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 79 BC) * Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 BC) * Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 38 BC) Appius Claudius Pulcher was a Roman politician. An early supporter of Augustus, he was elected consul in 38 BC. Biography A member of the patrician branch of the Claudii family, Pulcher was the son of Gaius Claudius Pulcher, praetor in 56 BC. He ...

Bartolomeo Borghesi
Bartolomeo (also Bartolommeo) Borghesi (11 July 178116 April 1860) was an Italian antiquarian who was a key figure in establishing the science of numismatics. He was born at Savignano, near Rimini, and studied at Bologna and Rome. Having weakened his eyesight by the study of documents of the Middle Ages, he turned his attention to epigraphy and numismatics. At Rome he arranged and cataloged several collections of coins, amongst them those of the Vatican, a task which he undertook for Pope Pius VII. In consequence of the disturbances of 1821, Borghesi retired to San Marino, where he died in 1860. Although mainly an enthusiastic student, he was for some time ''podestà'' of the little republic. His monumental work, ''Nuovi Frammenti dei Fasti Consolari Capitolini'' (1818–1820), attracted the attention of the learned world as furnishing positive bases for the chronology of Roman history, while his contributions to Italian archaeological journals established his reputation as a ...
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Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 212 BC)
Appius Claudius Pulcher (died 211 BC) was a Roman general and politician of the 3rd century BC, active in the Second Punic War. Family He was the son of Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC), and the father of Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 185 BC), Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 184 BC), and Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul 177 BC). His daughter, Claudia, married Pacuvius Calavius, the chief magistrate of Capua in 217 BC. Career In 217 BC, Claudius was an aedile. In the following year, he was a military tribune and fought at Cannae. Together with Publius Cornelius Scipio, he was raised to the supreme command by the troops who had fled to Canusium. In 215 BC, he was created a praetor, and conducted the survivors of the defeated army into Sicily, where his efforts to detach Hieronymus, the grandson of Hiero II, from his connection with the Carthaginians, were unsuccessful. He remained in Sicily the following year as propraetor and legatus to Marcus Claudius Marcellus, having ...
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Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC)
Publius Claudius Pulcher (died 249 BC/246 BC) was a Roman politician. Family Son of Appius Claudius Caecus, Publius was the first of the Claudii to be given the cognomen "Pulcher" ("handsome"). He was also the father of Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul in 212 BC. Career Curule aedile in 253 BC, as consul in 249 he was given command of the Roman fleet during the First Punic War. He lost the Battle of Drepana against the Carthaginians after ignoring a bad omen. According to Valerius Maximus, Suetonius and Cicero, when the sacred chickens refused to eat, Claudius threw them into the sea, saying: "Since they do not wish to eat, let them drink!" (Latin "Bibant, quoniam edere nollent"). He was recalled to Rome and ordered to appoint a dictator; his nomination of his subordinate Marcus Claudius Glicia was overruled. He was tried for incompetence and impiety, avoiding capital or corporal punishment due to double jeopardy and was instead fined a 120,000 assēs, 1,000 for each ship Rome ...
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