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Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front
The Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front (in es, link=no, Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez, ''FPMR'') was a Marxist-Leninist guerrilla organisation officially founded on 14 December 1983 as the paramilitary arm of the Communist Party of Chile in the context of this party policy denominated as the "''Política de Rebelión Popular de Masas''", created with the goal of a violent overthrow of the civic-military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet. It was described as a terrorist organization by the US Department of State and by MI6 until 1999, when the FPMR ceased its armed activity. The FPMR was estimated to be made up of 1,500 to 4,000 militants and combatants. Activity during the military dictatorship (1983–1990). On 7 September 1986, after months of planning, the FPMR attacked dictator Augusto Pinochet's car in an assassination attempt. Five of Pinochet's bodyguards were killed and eleven wounded. Pinochet, however, only suffered minor injuries. He was riding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raúl Pellegrin
Raúl Alejandro Pellegrin Friedmann (28 October 1958 – 30 October 1988) was a Chilean guerrilla leader. He was the founder and main leader of the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front, in which he was well known as "Comandante José Miguel", "Rodrigo" or "Benjamín". Early life He was born to Raúl Pellegrin Arias (of French descent) and Judith "Tita" Friedmann Volosky (of Russian-Jewish descent). Career In 1976, his family moved to Cuba where he pursued a career in medicine, but a few months later, he decided to leave college to take up a military career, joining the school Camilo Cienfuegos which is dependent on Cuba's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR). Over there, he lived with nearly one hundred Chilean military personnel under the support of the government of Fidel Castro. From that school, Pellegrin graduated in late 1978 with the rank of lieutenant. In early 1979, he decided to travel to Nicaragua to support the struggle of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaime Guzmán
Jaime Jorge Guzmán Errázuriz (June 28, 1946 – April 1, 1991) was a Chilean constitutional law professor, speechwriter and member and doctrinal founder of the conservative Independent Democrat Union party. In the 1960s he opposed the University Reform and became an avid organizer of the Gremialist movement. He opposed President Salvador Allende and later became a close advisor of Pinochet and his dictatorship. A professor of Constitutional Law, he played an important part in the drafting of the 1980 Chilean Constitution. He served briefly as senator during the transition to democracy before being assassinated in 1991 by members of the communist urban guerrilla Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front. Early life Jaime Guzmán was born in Santiago to Jorge Guzmán Reyes, who was a sports leader of the Catholic University, and Carmen Errázuriz Edwards, who was a travel agent for tourists in Europe. Between 1951 and 1962 he studied in the Colegio de los Sagrados Corazones de Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is a nontrinitarian Christian church that considers itself to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ. The church is headquartered in the United States in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has established congregations and built temples worldwide. According to the church, it has over 16.8 million members and 54,539 full-time volunteer missionaries. The church is the fourth-largest Christian denomination in the United States, with over 6.7 million US members . It is the largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement founded by Joseph Smith during the early 19th-century period of religious revival known as the Second Great Awakening. Church theology includes the Christian doctrine of salvation only through Jesus Christ,"For salvation cometh to none such except it be through repentance and faith on the Lord Jesus Christ." Book of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semana
''Semana'' (Spanish: ''Week'') is a weekly magazine in Colombia. History ''Semana'' was founded in 1946 by Alberto Lleras Camargo (who would become president of Colombia in 1958) and that folded in 1961. It was relaunched by journalist Felipe López Caballero in 1983. Development , the person who restarted the magazine, took two earlier Colombian magazines as models. One was Camargo's ''Semana''; the other was '' :es:Alternativa'', a left-wing weekly published by Enrique Santos and Gabriel García Márquez. The foreign magazines that he strove to imitate were ''Time'' and ''Newsweek''. Recalling the prestige that had been enjoyed by Lleras's magazine, López asked for, and was given, permission to use the same name. The first issue came out on 12 May 12 1982. Its cover story was about terrorism. Some of ''Semana''s most important reporting has been about Pablo Escobar, the drug trafficking kingpin. In the 1980s, López was one of the two "big whistleblowers and criti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M16 (rifle)
The M16 rifle (officially designated Rifle, Caliber 5.56 mm, M16) is a family of military rifles adapted from the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle for the United States military. The original M16 rifle was a 5.56×45mm automatic rifle with a 20-round magazine. In 1964, the M16 entered US military service and the following year was deployed for jungle warfare operations during the Vietnam War. In 1969, the M16A1 replaced the M14 rifle to become the US military's standard service rifle.Urdang, p. 801. The M16A1 incorporated numerous modifications including a bolt-assist, chrome-plated bore, protective reinforcement around the magazine release, and revised flash hider. In 1983, the US Marine Corps adopted the M16A2 rifle and the US Army adopted it in 1986. The M16A2 fires the improved 5.56×45mm (M855/SS109) cartridge and has a newer adjustable rear sight, case deflector, heavy barrel, improved handguard, pistol grip and buttstock, as well as a semi-auto and three-round burst fire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M72 LAW
The M72 LAW (light anti-tank weapon, also referred to as the light anti-armor weapon or LAW as well as LAWS: light anti-armor weapons system) is a portable one-shot unguided anti-tank weapon. The solid rocket propulsion unit was developed in the newly-formed Rohm and Haas research laboratory at Redstone Arsenal in 1959, and the full system was designed by Paul V. Choate, Charles B. Weeks, Frank A. Spinale, et al. at the Hesse-Eastern Division of Norris Thermadore. American production of the weapon began by Hesse-Eastern in 1963, and was terminated by 1983; currently it is produced by Nammo Raufoss AS in Norway and their subsidiary, Nammo Talley, Inc. in Arizona. In early 1963, the M72 LAW was adopted by the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps as their primary individual infantry anti-tank weapon, replacing the M31 HEAT rifle grenade and the M20A1 "super bazooka" in the U.S. Army. It was subsequently adopted by the U.S. Air Force to serve in an anti-emplacement and anti-armor rol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RPG-7
The RPG-7 (russian: link=no, РПГ-7, Ручной Противотанковый Гранатомёт, Ruchnoy Protivotankoviy Granatomyot) is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank, rocket-propelled grenade launcher. The RPG-7 and its predecessor, the RPG-2, were designed by the Soviet Union, and are now manufactured by the Russian company Bazalt. The weapon has the GRAU index (Russian armed forces index) 6G3. The ruggedness, simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness of the RPG-7 has made it the most widely used anti-armor weapon in the world. Currently around 40 countries use the weapon; it is manufactured in several variants by nine countries. It is popular with irregular and guerrilla forces. The RPG has been used in almost all conflicts across the world since the mid-1960s from the Vietnam War to the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War. Widely produced, the most commonly seen major variations are the RPG-7D (десантник – ''desantnik'' – paratroo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plastic Explosives
Plastic explosive is a soft and hand-moldable solid form of explosive material. Within the field of explosives engineering, plastic explosives are also known as putty explosives or blastics. Plastic explosives are especially suited for explosive demolition. Common plastic explosives include Semtex and C-4. The first manufactured plastic explosive was gelignite in 1875, invented by Alfred Nobel. Usage Plastic explosives are especially suited for explosive demolition of obstacles and fortifications by engineers, combat engineers and criminals as they can be easily formed into the best shapes for cutting structural members and have a high enough velocity of detonation and density for metal cutting work. An early use of plastic explosives was in the warhead of the Petard demolition mortar of the British Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers (AVRE); said mortar was used to destroy concrete fortifications encountered during Operation Overlord (D-Day). The original use of Nobel 80 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrizal Bajo
Carrizal Bajo is a harbour and village in Atacama Region, Chile, located about 50 km north of the city of Huasco. Between May and August 1986 the Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front, the armed wing of the Communist Party of Chile, used the port to smuggle in weapons from Cuban ships anchored offshore. This was the largest weapon smuggle move during the whole military dictatorship period (1973–1990) in Chile and while most of the weapons were discovered by authorities some were moved to other parts of the country and came notably to be used in the 1986 assassination attempt on Augusto Pinochet. The weapons interned were US weapons obtained by Cuba from Vietnam. Transportation The city is served by Gran Cañon Airport Gran Cañon Airport es, Aeropuerto de Gran Cañon, is an airstrip serving Carrizal Bajo, a Pacific coastal village in the Atacama Region of Chile. Carrizal Bajo is north of Huasco. There is rising terrain east of the airstrip. See also * * * ..., whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attempted Assassination Of Augusto Pinochet
An assassination attempt was made upon Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet on 7 September 1986, when members of the urban guerrilla Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front, ambushed a motorcade carrying the dictator to Santiago. Planning 1986 was considered by Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front the decisive year in their struggle against Pinochet. The guerrillas termed the assault ''"operación siglo XX"'' (Operation 20th Century). According to Patricio Manns the attack was in part planned in Switzerland and in his house in Paris where he lived in exile. Bulletproof vests for the operation were reportedly donated by conscripts in Sweden and Switzerland. The place of the attack, Cuesta de Las Achupallas, was carefully selected by the guerillas. Cuesta de Las Achupallas is a bottleneck road along mountainous terrain between Santiago and Cajón del Maipo. The guerrillas hired a house in the vicinity, pretending to pass as seminary students. The plan included the use of a heavy vehicle to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Department Of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy of the United States, foreign policy and foreign relations of the United States, relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs of other nations, its primary duties are advising the President of the United States, U.S. president on international relations, administering List of diplomatic missions of the United States, diplomatic missions, negotiating international treaties and agreements, and representing the United States at the United Nations Security Council, United Nations conference. Established in 1789 as the first administrative arm of the Executive branch of the U.S. Government, U.S. executive branch, the State Department is considered among the most powerful and prestigious executive agencies. It is headed b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augusto Pinochet
Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (, , , ; 25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean general who ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990, first as the leader of the Military Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1981, being declared President of the Republic by the junta in 1974 and becoming the ''de facto'' dictator of Chile, and from 1981 to 1990 as ''de jure'' President after a new Constitution, which confirmed him in the office, was approved by a referendum in 1980. His rule remains the longest of any Chilean leader in history. Huneeus, Carlos (2007)Las consecuencias del caso Pinochet en la política chilena Centro de. Estudios de la Realidad Contemporánea. Augusto Pinochet rose through the ranks of the Chilean Army to become General Chief of Staff in early 1972 before being appointed its Commander-in-Chief on 23 August 1973 by President Salvador Allende. On 11 September 1973, Pinochet seized power in Chile in a coup d'état, with the support of the US, Winn, Peter. 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
