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Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front
The Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front (in , ''FPMR'') was a Marxist-Leninist guerrilla organisation officially founded on 14 December 1983 as the military wing of the Communist Party of Chile in the context of this party policy denominated as the "''Política de Rebelión Popular de Masas''", created with the goal of a violent overthrow of the civic-military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet. It was described as a terrorist organization by the US Department of State and by MI6 until 1999, when the FPMR ceased its armed activity, 9 years after the end of the Pinochet transfer of power. The FPMR was estimated to be made up of 1,500 to 4,000 militants and combatants. Name The organization is named after Manuel Rodríguez Erdoiza, a hero of the Chilean War of Independence considered one of the founding fathers of independent Chile. Activity during the military dictatorship (1983–90) On 7 September 1986, after months of planning, the FPMR attacked dictator Augus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raúl Pellegrin
Raúl Alejandro Pellegrin Friedmann (28 October 1958 – 30 October 1988) was a Chilean guerrilla leader. He was the founder and main leader of the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front, in which he was well known as "Comandante José Miguel", "Rodrigo" or "Benjamín". Early life He was born to Raúl Pellegrin Arias (of French descent) and Judith "Tita" Friedmann Volosky (of Russian-Jewish descent). Career In 1976, his family moved to Cuba where he pursued a career in medicine, but a few months later, he decided to leave college to take up a military career, joining the school Camilo Cienfuegos which is dependent on Cuba's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR). Over there, he lived with nearly one hundred Chilean military personnel under the support of the government of Fidel Castro. From that school, Pellegrin graduated in late 1978 with the rank of lieutenant. In early 1979, he decided to travel to Nicaragua to support the struggle of the Sandinista National Liberation Front ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaime Guzmán
Jaime Jorge Guzmán Errázuriz (June 28, 1946 – April 1, 1991) was a Chilean constitutional law professor, politician, and founding member of the conservative Independent Democratic Union party. In the 1960s, he strongly opposed the University Reform movement and became an active organizer of the Gremialist movement. Guzmán vehemently opposed President Salvador Allende and later became a trusted advisor of General Augusto Pinochet and his dictatorship. As a professor of Constitutional Law, Guzmán played a significant role in drafting the 1980 Chilean Constitution. He briefly served as a senator during the transition to democracy before being assassinated in 1991 by members of the communist urban guerrilla organization group, the Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front (Autonomous). Early life Jaime Jorge Guzmán Errázuriz was born in Santiago to Jorge Guzmán Reyes, a sports leader at the Catholic University, and Carmen Errázuriz Edwards, a travel agent. He attended the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M16 (rifle)
The M16 (officially Rifle, Caliber 5.56 mm, M16) is a family of assault rifles adapted from the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle for the United States military. The original M16 was a 5.56×45mm automatic rifle with a 20-round magazine. In 1964, the XM16E1 entered US military service as the M16 and in the following year was deployed for jungle warfare operations during the Vietnam War. In 1969, the M16A1 replaced the M14 rifle to become the US military's standard service rifle. The M16A1 incorporated numerous modifications including a bolt-assist ("forward-assist"), chrome-plated bore, protective reinforcement around the magazine release, and revised flash hider. In 1983, the US Marine Corps adopted the M16A2 rifle, and the US Army adopted it in 1986. The M16A2 fires the improved 5.56×45mm (M855/SS109) cartridge and has a newer adjustable rear sight, case deflector, heavy barrel, improved handguard, pistol grip, and buttstock, as well as a semi-auto and three-round burst fire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M72 LAW
The M72 LAW (light anti-tank weapon, also referred to as the light anti-armor weapon or LAW as well as LAWS: light anti-armor weapons system) is a portable one-shot unguided anti-tank weapon. In early 1963, the M72 LAW was adopted by the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps as their primary individual infantry anti-tank weapon, replacing the M31 HEAT rifle grenade and the M20A1 "Super Bazooka" in the U.S. Army. It was subsequently adopted by the U.S. Air Force to serve in an anti-emplacement and anti-armor role in airbase defense.The U.S. Army partially replaced the Super Bazooka not only with the M72 LAW, but also the M67 recoilless rifle, and U.S. Marines kept the Super Bazooka in service until the late 1960s. In the early 1980s, the M72 was slated to be replaced by the FGR-17 Viper. However, the Viper program was canceled by Congress and the M136 AT4 was adopted instead. At that time, its nearest equivalents were the Swedish Pskott m/68 (Miniman) and the French SARPAC. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RPG-7
The RPG-7 is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank, rocket launcher. The RPG-7 and its predecessor, the RPG-2, were designed by the Soviet Union, and are now manufactured by the Russian company Bazalt. The weapon has the GRAU index (Russian armed forces index) 6G3. The ruggedness, simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness of the RPG-7 has made it the most widely used anti-armor weapon in the world. Currently around 40 countries use the weapon; it is manufactured in several variants by nine countries. It is popular with irregular and guerrilla forces. Widely produced, the most commonly seen major variations are the RPG-7D (десантник – ''desantnik'' – paratrooper) model, which can be broken into two parts for easier carrying; and the lighter Chinese Type 69 RPG. DIO of Iran manufactures RPG-7s with olive green handguards, H&K style pistol grips, and a commando variant. The RPG-7 was first delivered to the Soviet Army in 1961 and deployed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plastic Explosives
Plastic explosive is a soft and hand-moldable solid form of explosive material. Within the field of explosives engineering, plastic explosives are also known as putty explosives or blastics. Plastic explosives are especially suited for explosive demolition. Common plastic explosives include Semtex and C-4. The first manufactured plastic explosive was gelignite in 1875, invented by Alfred Nobel. Usage Plastic explosives are especially suited for explosive demolition of obstacles and fortifications by combat engineers as they can be easily formed into ideal shapes for cutting structural members and have a high enough velocity of detonation and density for metal cutting work. An early use of plastic explosives was in the warhead of the Petard demolition mortar of the British Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers (AVRE) which was used to destroy concrete fortifications encountered during Operation Overlord (D-Day). The original use of Nobel 808 supplied by the SOE was for sabotag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrizal Bajo
Carrizal Bajo is a harbour and village in Atacama Region, Chile, located about 50 km north of the city of Huasco. Between May and August 1986 the Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front, the armed wing of the Communist Party of Chile, used the port to smuggle in weapons from Cuban ships anchored offshore. This was the largest weapon smuggle move during the whole military dictatorship period (1973–1990) in Chile and while most of the weapons were discovered by authorities some were moved to other parts of the country and came notably to be used in the 1986 assassination attempt on Augusto Pinochet. The weapons interned were US weapons obtained by Cuba from Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende .... Transportation The city is served by Gran Cañon Airport, which has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attempted Assassination Of Augusto Pinochet
An assassination attempt was made on Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet the evening of 7 September 1986, when members of the urban guerrilla group Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front (, ''FPMR'') ambushed a motorcade carrying Pinochet to the capital Santiago. Planning The ''FPMR'' considered 1986 to be the decisive year in their struggle against Pinochet. The guerrillas termed the assault Operation 20th Century (). According to Patricio Manns, the attack was partially planned in Switzerland and at his house in Paris, where he lived in exile. Bulletproof vests for the operation were reportedly donated by conscripts in Sweden and Switzerland. The location of the attack, Cuesta de Las Achupallas, was carefully selected by the guerillas. Cuesta de Las Achupallas is a bottleneck road along mountainous terrain between Santiago and El Melocoton, Pinochet's country estate 30 miles southeast of Santiago in Cajón del Maipo. The guerrillas rented a house in the vicinity, posing as seminar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilean War Of Independence
The Chilean War of Independence (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Guerra de la Independencia de Chile'', 'War of Independence of Chile') was a military and political event that allowed the emancipation of Chile from the Spanish Empire, Spanish Monarchy, ending the Colonial Chile, colonial period and initiating the formation of an independent republic. It developed in the context of the Spanish American Wars of independence, a military and political process that began after the formation of Junta (Spanish American Independence), self-government juntas in the Spanish-American colonies, in response to the capture of King Ferdinand VII of Spain by Napoleonic forces in 1808. The Government Junta of Chile (1810), First Government Junta of Chile was formed for that purpose. But then, it began to gradually radicalize, which caused a military struggle between Patriot Governments (Spanish American independence), Patriots, who were looking for a definitive separation from the Spanish Crown; an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Rodríguez Erdoiza
Manuel may refer to: People * Manuel (name), a given name and surname * Manuel (''Fawlty Towers''), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' * Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire * Manuel I of Portugal, king of Portugal * Manuel I of Trebizond, Emperor of Trebizond Places *Manuel, Valencia, a municipality in the province of Valencia, Spain *Manuel Junction, railway station near Falkirk, Scotland Other * Manuel (American horse), a thoroughbred racehorse * Manuel (Australian horse), a thoroughbred racehorse * Manuel and The Music of The Mountains, a musical ensemble * ''Manuel'' (album), music album by Dalida, 1974 See also *Manny (other), a common nickname for those named Manuel *Manoel (other) *Immanuel (other) *Emmanuel (other) *Emanuel (other) *Emmanuelle (other) *Manuela (other) Manuela may refer to: People * Manuela (given name), a Spanish and Portuguese feminine given na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Department Of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy of the United States, foreign policy and foreign relations of the United States, relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs of other nations, its primary duties are advising the U.S. president on international relations, administering List of diplomatic missions of the United States, diplomatic missions, negotiating international treaties and agreements, protecting citizens abroad and representing the U.S. at the United Nations. The department is headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building, a few blocks from the White House, in the Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C., Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.; "Foggy Bottom" is thus sometimes used as a metonym. Established in 1789 as the first administrative arm of the U.S. executive branch, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augusto Pinochet
Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean military officer and politician who was the dictator of Military dictatorship of Chile, Chile from 1973 to 1990. From 1973 to 1981, he was the leader of the Government Junta of Chile (1973), military junta, which in 1974 declared him President of Chile, President of the Republic and thus the dictator of Chile; in 1980, 1980 Chilean constitutional referendum, a referendum approved Chilean Constitution of 1980, a new constitution confirming him in the office, after which he served as ''de jure'' president from 1981 to 1990. His time in office remains the longest of any Chilean ruler.Carlos Huneeus, Huneeus, Carlos (2007)Las consecuencias del caso Pinochet en la política chilena Centro de. Estudios de la Realidad Contemporánea. Augusto Pinochet rose through the ranks of the Chilean Army to become General Chief of Staff in early 1972 before being appointed its List of comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
