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Manifesto Of The Seven
The Manifesto of the Seven ( cs, Manifest sedmi) was a protest by seven artists against the Bolshevization of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), after its 5th Congress in 1929. The text was written on the initiative of Ivan OlbrachtLexicon of Czech Literature 3 / I. Prague: Academia, 2000, pp. 664–671. and was published as a leaflet entitled ''Communist writers to communist workers''. It called for the removal of the new Klement Gottwald, Gottwaldova party leadership, which, in the opinion of the signatories, threatened the mass character and ability to act of the Communist Party. History In 1921, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) was founded. In 1925, the party decided to carry out a process of Bolshevization, it wanted to leave the course that had been relatively libertarian up to that point and to instead adopt the politics of the Comintern. The change of course was sealed by the election of Klement Gottwald as party leader at the 5th party congress in Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolshevization
Bolshevization was the process starting in the mid-1920s by which the pluralistic Communist International (Comintern) and its constituent Communist party, communist parties were increasingly subject to pressure by the Government of the Soviet Union, Kremlin in Moscow to follow Marxism–Leninism. The Comintern became a tool of Foreign relations of the Soviet Union#Communist International, Soviet foreign policy. That policy downplayed autonomy in favor of support for the Soviet Union and its foreign policy. During the Fifth Congress of the Comintern in 1924, Bolshevization became the general principle. The Sixth Congress in 1928 took a radical turn as the Comintern decided that capitalism was reaching its final stages. There was less support for wars of national liberation in colonial regions, especially after the collapse of the Comintern in China. In the Italian Communist Party, Antonio Gramsci took the lead in promoting Bolshevization. In Prague, it was Klement Gottwald who came ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilém Závada
Vilém Závada (2 May 1905, Hrabová, now part of Ostrava – 30 November 1982, Prague) was a Czech poet, translator and journalist. Biography Závada was born in to the family of a metal worker, his father died during the First World War, an event which left a huge impression on his future works. His mother raised Vilém and his two brothers in impoverished circumstances. Závada graduated from his doctorate in philosophy at the Charles University and started his literary career. Initially a representative of Poetism, he broke with the literary style in favor of a more gloomy and pessimistic romanticism. In 1927 Závada wrote his most famous work, '' Panychida'', a work which was for the commoderation of the fallen of the First World War as well as a melancholic meditation on life itself. In the 30s Závada mostly worked as a magazine editor. After the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany, he became more reclusive and wrote ''Hradní věž'', which was about his comin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Literature
Czech literature can refer to literature written in Czech, in the Czech Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia, earlier the Lands of the Bohemian Crown), or by Czech people. Most literature in the Czech Republic is now written in Czech, but historically, a considerable part of Czech literary output was written in other languages as well, including Latin and German. Middle Latin works Bohemia was Christianized in the late 9th to 10th centuries, and the earliest written works associated with the kingdom of Bohemia are Middle Latin works written in the 12th to 13th centuries (with the exception of the Latin ''Legend of Christian'', supposedly of the 10th century but of dubious authenticity). The majority of works from this period are chronicles and hagiographies. Bohemian hagiographies focus exclusively on Bohemian saints (Sts. Ludmila, Wenceslas, Procopius, Cyril and Methodius, and Adalbert), although numerous legends about Bohemian saints were also written by foreign authors. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Czechoslovak Republic
The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, ČSSR, formerly known from 1948 to 1960 as the Czechoslovak Republic or Fourth Czechoslovak Republic, was the official name of Czechoslovakia from 1960 to 29 March 1990, when it was renamed the Czechoslovak Federative Republic, sk, Česko-slovenská federatívna republika, ČSFR. On 23 April 1990, it became the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, sk, Česká a Slovenská Federatívna Republika, ČSFR. From 1948 until the end of November 1989, the country was under Communist rule and was regarded as a satellite state in the Soviet sphere of interest. Following the coup d'état of February 1948, when the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia seized power with the support of the Soviet Union, the country was declared a socialist republic when the Ninth-of-May Constitution became effective. The traditional name (''Czechoslovak Republic''), along with several other state symbols, were changed on 11 July 1960 following the implementation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purge
In history, religion and political science, a purge is a position removal or execution of people who are considered undesirable by those in power from a government, another organization, their team leaders, or society as a whole. A group undertaking such an effort is labeled as purging itself. Purges can be either nonviolent or violent, with the former often resolved by the simple removal of those who have been purged from office, and the latter often resolved by the imprisonment, exile, or murder of those who have been purged. Characteristics The Shanghai massacre of 1927 and the Night of the Long Knives of 1934, in which the leader of a political party turns against a particular section or group within the party and kills its members, are commonly called "purges" while mass expulsions on grounds of racism and xenophobia, such as the deportation of the Crimean Tatars are not. Though sudden and violent purges are notable, most purges do not involve immediate execution or imprison ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalinist
Stalinism is the means of governing and Marxist-Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the theory of socialism in one country, collectivization of agriculture, intensification of class conflict, a cult of personality, and subordination of the interests of foreign communist parties to those of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, deemed by Stalinism to be the leading vanguard party of communist revolution at the time. After Stalin's death and the Khrushchev thaw, de-Stalinization began in the 1950s and 1960s, which caused the influence of Stalin’s ideology begin to wane in the USSR. The second wave of de-Stalinization started during Mikhail Gorbachev’s Soviet Glasnost. Stalin's regime forcibly purged society of what it saw as threats to itself and its brand of communism (so-called "enemies of the people"), which included polit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laco Novomeský
Laco Novomeský (full name: Ladislav Novomeský) (27 December 1904, Budapest — 4 September 1976, Bratislava) was a Slovak poet, writer, publicist and communist politician. Novomeský was a member of the DAV group; after The Second World War he was commissioner of education and culture of Socialist Czechoslovakia. A prominent Czechoslovak politician, he was persecuted in the 1950s and later rehabilitated in the 1960s. Early life Novomeský was born in to the family of a tailor that immigrated from Senica to Budapest, where he was born. The family moved back to Senica to continue his studies. He later graduated from the teacher training institute in Modra. Novomeský started to work as a teacher while at the same time enrolling as an external student of the Faculty of Arts at the Comenius University where he became involved in literary and political activities. Literary and political career He joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in 1925 and worked for its press. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimír Clementis
Vladimír "Vlado" Clementis (20 September 1902 Tisovec – 3 December 1952 Prague) was a Slovak minister, politician, lawyer, publicist, literary critic, author and a prominent member of the Czechoslovak Communist Party. He married Lída Pátková, the daughter of a branch director of the Czech Mortgage Bank in Bratislava, in March 1933. He became a Communist MP in 1935. After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia shortly before the beginning of World War II, in 1938, he emigrated to Paris. His criticism of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in 1939, contradicted the policies of the Czechoslovak Communist Party exiled to Moscow and triggered an intra-party investigation overseen by Viliam Široký (who came to Paris from Moscow). At the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, he was put into prison as a known Communist, and later evacuated to a British internment camp. After his release, he decided to spend the war in London, where he broadcast speeches on the radio calling for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedřich Václavek
Bedřich Václavek (10 January 1897 – 5 March 1943) was a Czech literary theorist, critic, journalist and Marxist aesthetics, Marxist aesthetician. Biography Václavek was born on 10 January 1897 in Čáslaviceinto a poor rural family. After graduating from high school in 1915, he was drafted into the army, where he served until the end of World War I. Then he entered Charles University in Prague, where from 1918 to 1923 he studied Germanic and Bohemian studies at the Faculty of Philosophy. His teachers were leading figures in Czech literary studies and folklore such as Zdeněk Nejedlý and Otokar Fischer. In 1922 he went to Berlin and studied theater and journalism there. After that he worked as a school teacher and librarian at the State and University libraries in Brno. He was a member of the group of avant-garde artists Devětsil. A member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1925, Bedřich Václavek was actively involved in the labor movement of his region, organ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Fučík (journalist)
Julius Fučík () (23 February 1903 – 8 September 1943) was a Czech journalist, critic, writer, and active member of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. For his part at the forefront of the anti-Nazi resistance during the Second World War, he was imprisoned and tortured by the Gestapo in Prague, and executed in Berlin. While in prison, Fučík recorded his interrogation experiences on small pieces of paper, which were smuggled out and published after the war as '' Notes from the Gallows''. The book established Fučík as a symbol of resistance to oppression, as well as an icon of communist propaganda. Early life Julius Fučík was born into a working-class family in Prague. His father was a steelworker, and his uncle and namesake was the composer Julius Fučík. In 1913, Fučík moved with his family from Prague to Plzeň (Pilsen) where he attended the state vocational high school. Already as a twelve-year-old boy he was planning to establish a newspaper named ''Slovan' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiří Weil
Jiří Weil (; 6 August 1900, Praskolesy – 13 December 1959, Prague) was a Czech writer of Jewish origin and Holocaust survivor. His noted works include the two novels ''Life with a Star'' (''Život s hvězdou''), and ''Mendelssohn Is on the Roof'' (''Na střeše je Mendelssohn''), as well as many short stories, and other novels. Biography Weil was born in Praskolesy, a village about 40 kilometres from Prague, on 6 August 1900. He was the second son born to upper-middle-class Orthodox Jewish parents. Weil graduated from secondary school in 1919. As a student he had already begun writing mainly verses, but had also begun planning his three-part novel, ''Město'', which he planned to publish under the pseudonym, Jiří Wilde. Upon graduation, Weil was accepted to Charles University in Prague where he entered the Department of Philosophy and also studied Slavic philology and comparative literature. He was a favourite student of F. X. Šalda. He completed his doctoral dissertation, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
