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Mandira Extractive Reserve
The Mandira Extractive Reserve ( pt, Reserva Extrativista do Mandira) is an extractive reserve in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It covers an area of mangroves. The main commercial product extracted by the traditional population is the oyster. Location The Mandira Extractive Reserve is in the municipality of Cananéia, São Paulo. It has an area of . It lies on the coast of the Mar Pequeno, and is partly contained in the Cananéia-Iguape-PeruÃbe Environmental Protection Area. It is bounded to the north and west by the Lagamar de Cananéia State Park. Environment The reserve covers an area of estuaries, mangroves, salt marsh and Atlantic forest in the estuarine-lagoon complex of Iguape and Cananéia. The highest point is no more than above sea level. Temperatures range from , with an average OF . Average annual rainfall is . The reserve is in the Atlantic forest domain. Vegetation is 95% mangroves and 5% litoral forest and salt marshes with shrubby vegetation. The mangrov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cananéia
Cananéia is the southernmost city in the state of São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Brazil, near to where the Tordesilhas Line passed. The population in 2020 was 12,541 and the area is 1,242.010 km². The elevation is 8 m. The city of Cananéia is host to the Dr. João de Paiva Carvalho research base belonging to the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo. History Founded in 1531, Cananéia is considered by some to be the oldest city in Brazil (5 months before the foundation of São Vicente ) but due to the lack of official documentation proving this fact, São Vicente is officially the oldest city in Brazil. The historic center of Cananéia still preserves the architectural styles adopted by the first houses from the colonial period to the end of the 19th century. Conservation The municipality contains the Ilha do Cardoso State Park, created in 1962. It contains part of the Tupiniquins Ecological Station. It contains the Mandira Extractive Reserve, establ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilex Thuzans
''Ilex'' (), or holly, is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. ''Ilex'' has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. The type species is ''Ilex aquifolium'', the common European holly used in Christmas decorations and cards. Description The genus ''Ilex'' is divided into three subgenera: *''Ilex'' subg. ''Byronia'', with the type species ''Ilex polypyrena'' *''Ilex'' subg. ''Prinos'', with 12 species *''Ilex'' subg. ''Ilex'', with the rest of the species The genus is widespread throughout the temperate and subtropical regions of the world. It includes species of trees, shrubs, and climbers, with evergreen or deciduous foliage and inconspicuous flowers. Its range was more extended in the Tertiary period and many species are adapted to laurel forest habitats. It occurs fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ICMBio
The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (Portuguese: ''Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade'', ICMBio) is the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment's administrative arm."Brazilian Federal Law 11.516/2007 (Portuguese)". http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/lei/l11516.htm It is named after the environmental activist Chico Mendes Francisco Alves Mendes Filho, better known as Chico Mendes (; 15 December 1944 – 22 December 1988), was a Brazilian rubber tapper, trade union leader and environmentalist. He fought to preserve the Amazon rainforest, and advocated for the h .... References Nature conservation in Brazil Executive branch of Brazil Research institutes in Brazil Biodiversity databases Government agencies established in 2007 Environmental organizations established in 2007 2007 establishments in Brazil {{brazil-gov-stub, date=March 2014 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraná (state)
Paraná () is one of the 26 states of Brazil, in the south of the country, bordered on the north by São Paulo state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the province of Misiones, Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraguay, with the Paraná River as its western boundary line. It is subdivided into 399 municipalities, and its capital is the city of Curitiba. Other major cities are Londrina, Maringá, Ponta Grossa, Cascavel, São José dos Pinhais and Foz do Iguaçu. The state is home to 5.4% of the Brazilian population and has 6.2% of the Brazilian GDP. Crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn, Paraná has what is left of the araucaria forest, one of the most important subtropical forests in the world. At the border with Argentina is the National Park of Iguaçu, considered by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. At only from there, at the border with Paraguay, the largest dam in the world was built, the Hidroelétrica de Itaipu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagamar Mosaic
The Lagamar Mosaic ( pt, Mosaico do Lagamar is a protected area mosaic that includes a number of conservation units in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, Brazil. History The Lagamar Mosaic was established by federal ordinance 150 of 8 May 2006. The project was supported by the "Mangroves of Brazil" project as a way of leveraging joint action among the municipal, state and federal mangrove conservation units. In 2009 about 40% of the area was included as a pilot area of the "Mangroves of Brazil" project. The mosaic council was formed in October 2013, and included representatives of various government and civil society organisations. Scope and purpose The mosaic includes strategic areas for conservation of the remaining mangroves of the south and southeast coasts of Brazil. Great effort is needed to preserve these areas, and also to preserve the traditional knowledge of the local population that depend on products of the native species. As of June 2014 there were 52 conservati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subsistence Agriculture
Subsistence agriculture occurs when farmers grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families on smallholdings. Subsistence agriculturalists target farm output for survival and for mostly local requirements, with little or no surplus. Planting decisions occur principally with an eye toward what the family will need during the coming year, and only secondarily toward market prices. Tony Waters, a professor of sociology, defines "subsistence peasants" as "people who grow what they eat, build their own houses, and live without regularly making purchases in the marketplace." Despite the self-sufficiency in subsistence farming, most subsistence farmers also participate in trade to some degree. Although their amount of trade as measured in cash is less than that of consumers in countries with modern complex markets, they use these markets mainly to obtain goods, not to generate income for food; these goods are typically not necessary for survival and may include sugar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IUCN Protected Area Categories
IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The enlisting of such areas is part of a strategy being used toward the conservation of the world's natural environment and biodiversity. The IUCN has developed the protected area management categories system to define, record and classify the wide variety of specific aims and concerns when categorising protected areas and their objectives. This categorisation method is recognised on a global scale by national governments and international bodies such as the United Nations and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Categories Category Ia – strict nature reserve A strict nature reserve (IUCN Category Ia) is an area which is protected from all but light human use in order to protect its biodiversity and also possibly its geological/geomorphical features. These areas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá Estuary Lagoon Complex
The Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá estuary lagoon complex ( pt, Complexo Estuarino Lagunar de Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá) is a stretch of interconnected coastal estuaries and lagoons that extends southwest from Iguape in the south of São Paulo past Cananéia, São Paulo to Paranaguá, Paraná. It includes the Mar Pequeno in São Paulo, between Ilha Comprida and the mainland, and Paranaguá Bay in Paraná. Location The Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá estuary lagoon complex lies between (Barra do Una, SP) and (Morretes, PR) along the southeast São Paulo coast and the north Paraná coast. The complex covers an area of . The region is within the Vale do Ribeira, the poorest part of São Paulo. The population grew by 27.18% from 1960 to 1980, but fell by 2.17% between 1980 and 1989. As of 1994 the human population was 153,164 inhabitants. Altitudes range from . To the north the complex is bordered by the Juréia Massif and the Serra da Canavieira. In the south, Paranaguá Bay extends ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quilombo
A ''quilombo'' (; from the Kimbundu word , ) is a Brazilian hinterland settlement founded by people of African origin, and others sometimes called Carabali. Most of the inhabitants of quilombos, called quilombolas, were maroons, a term for escaped slaves. Documentation about refugee slave communities typically uses the term mocambo for settlements, which is an Ambundu word meaning "war camp". A mocambo is typically much smaller than a quilombo. The term quilombo was not used until the 1670s, and then primarily in the more southerly parts of Brazil. In the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, such villages or camps were called . Its inhabitants are . They spoke various Spanish-African-based creole languages such as Palenquero. Quilombos are classified as one of the three basic forms of active resistance by enslaved Africans. They also regularly attempted to seize power and conducted armed insurrections at plantations to gain amelioration of conditions. Typically, q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysophyllum Brasiliense
''Chrysophyllum'' is a group of trees in the Sapotaceae described as a genus by Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus in 1753. The genus is native to tropical regions throughout the world, with the greatest number of species in northern South America. One species, ''Chrysophyllum oliviforme, C. oliviforme'', extends north to southern Florida.''Chrysophyllum'' L. ''World Flora Online''. Accessed 3 December 2022.''Chrysophyllum'' L. ''Plants of the World Online'', Kew Science. Accessed 3 December 2022. Description ''Chrysophyllum'' members are usually tropical trees, often growing rapidly to 10–20 m or more in height. The leaf, leaves are oval, 3†...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocotea Aciphylla
''Ocotea aciphylla'' is a species of ''Ocotea'' in the plant family Lauraceae. It forms a tree 12–18 m tall. It has small hermaphrodite flowers of 3–4 mm long. It is found in the Amazon river basin mostly to 1200 m. References aciphylla ''Aciphylla'' is a genus of about 40 species of plants in the family Apiaceae, endemic to New Zealand and Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of ... Trees of South America Trees of the Caribbean Flora of the Amazon Flora of Bolivia Flora of Brazil Flora of Colombia Flora of French Guiana Flora of Guadeloupe Flora of Martinique Flora of Peru Flora of Suriname Flora of Venezuela Least concern plants Least concern biota of South America Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Laurales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
