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Mallotus Oppositifolius
''Mallotus oppositifolius'' is a plant species in the genus ''Mallotus'' found in Africa and Madagascar. The variety ''Mallotus oppositifolius'' var. ''lindicus'' is classified in the IUCN red list of vulnerable species of plants. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the plant show antifungal properties, and anti parasitic activity against blastocystis hominis. The bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the leaves and inflorescence of ''M. oppositifolius'' collected in Madagascar led to the isolation of the two new bioactive dimeric phloroglucinols mallotojaponins B and C, together with mallotophenone. These compounds show antiproliferative and antiplasmodial ''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a verteb ... (antimalarial) activities. References Extern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Ferdinand Geiseler
Eduard Ferdinand Geiseler (21 September 1781 in Stettin – 1827) was a German botanist who worked as a physician in Danzig. He is known for his investigations involving the genus '' Croton'', of which he circumscribed numerous species. In 1807 he published a monograph on the genus, titled ''Crotonis monographiam''. In 1841 Johann Friedrich Klotzsch Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (9 June 1805 – 5 November 1860) was a German pharmacist and botanist. His principal work was in the field of mycology, with the study and description of many species of mushroom. Klotzsch was born in Wittenberg. Origin ... named the genus '' Geiseleria'' (family Euphorbiaceae) in his honor. Taxonomic literature : a selective guide to botanical publications References External links [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Müller Argoviensis
Johann Müller (9 May 1828 - 28 January 1896) was a Swiss botanist who was a specialist in lichens. He published under the name Johannes Müller Argoviensis to distinguish himself from other naturalists with similar names. Biography Müller was born into a farming family on 9 May 1828 in Teufenthal, Switzerland. He received his education at the Reinach gymnasium and then entered the Aargau industrial school, where he was passionate about botany and mathematics. Encouraged by Hans Schinz he built a herbarium of the flora of Aargau. In 1850 and 1851 he studied in Geneva and came into contact with prominent botanists Edmond Boissier and Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle (who offered him the vacant post of curator at his herbarium). In the spring of 1851 he collected in southern France with Jean Étienne Duby. The herbarium specimens from this trip were later sent to several herbaria in Europe. The following year, Müller travelled with Boissier to collect plants in the Alps of Savoy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mallotus (plant)
''Mallotus'' is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1790. Two species ('' M. oppositifolius'' and '' M. subulatus'') are found in tropical Africa and Madagascar. All the other species are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific. The genus has about 150 species of dioecious trees or shrubs. Fossil record ''Mallotus'' macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy.Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008. Uses ''Mallotus'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including ''Endoclita malabaricus''. The Kamala tree (''Mallotus philippensis'') has hairs of whose seed capsule which are the source of a yellow d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IUCN Red List Vulnerable Species (Plantae)
As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 5430 Vulnerable species, Vulnerable (VU) Plantae, plant species. 25% of all evaluated plant species are listed as Vulnerable. The IUCN also lists 244 subspecies and 235 varieties as Vulnerable. No subpopulations of plants have been evaluated by the IUCN. For a species to be assessed as vulnerable to extinction the best available evidence must meet quantitative criteria set by the IUCN designed to reflect "a high risk of extinction in the wild". ''Endangered'' and ''Critically Endangered'' species also meet the quantitative criteria of ''Vulnerable'' species, and are listed separately. See: List of endangered plants, List of critically endangered plants. Vulnerable, Endangered, and Critically Endangered species are collectively referred to as ''threatened species'' by the IUCN. Additionally 1674 plant species (7.6% of those evaluated) are listed as ''Data Deficient'', meaning there is insuffic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antifungal Medication
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually yes obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). Types of antifungal There are two types of antifungals: local and systemic. Local antifungals are usually administered topically or vaginally, depending on the condition being treated. Systemic antifungals are administered orally or intravenously. Of the clinically employed azole antifungals, only a handful are used systemically. These include ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, fosfluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole. Examples of non-azole systemic antifungals include griseofulvin and terbinafine. Classes Polyenes A polyene is a molecule with multiple conjugated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blastocystis Hominis
''Blastocystis'' is a genus of single-celled heterokont parasites belonging to a group of organisms that are known as the Stramenopiles (also called Heterokonts) that includes algae, diatoms, and water molds. Blastocystis consists of several species, living in the gastrointestinal tracts of species as diverse as humans, farm animals, birds, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and cockroaches. ''Blastocystis'' exhibits low host specificity, and many different species of ''Blastocystis'' can infect humans, and by current convention, any of these species would be identified as ''Blastocystis hominis''. ''Blastocystis'' is one of the most common human parasites in the world and has a global distribution. It is the most common parasitic infection in the United States, where it infected approximately 23% of the total population during year 2000. In less developed areas, infection rates as high as 100% have been observed. High rates of infection are found in individuals in devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioassay-guided Fractionation
Fractionation is a separation process in which a certain quantity of a mixture (of gases, solids, liquids, enzymes, or isotopes, or a suspension) is divided during a phase transition, into a number of smaller quantities (fractions) in which the composition varies according to a gradient. Fractions are collected based on differences in a specific property of the individual components. A common trait in fractionations is the need to find an optimum between the amount of fractions collected and the desired purity in each fraction. Fractionation makes it possible to isolate more than two components in a mixture in a single run. This property sets it apart from other separation techniques. Fractionation is widely employed in many branches of science and technology. Mixtures of liquids and gases are separated by fractional distillation by difference in boiling point. Fractionation of components also takes place in column chromatography by a difference in affinity between station ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mallotojaponin B
Mallotojaponin B is a dimeric phlorogucinol found in ''Mallotus oppositifolius''. The bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the leaves and inflorescence of ''M. oppositifolius'' collected in Madagascar led to the isolation of the two new bioactive dimeric phloroglucinols mallotojaponins B and C, together with mallotophenone. These compounds show antiproliferative and antiplasmodial ''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a verteb ... activities. References Phloroglucinols Natural phenol dimers {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mallotojaponin C
Mallotojaponin C is a dimeric phlorogucinol found in ''Mallotus oppositifolius''. The bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the leaves and inflorescence of ''M. oppositifolius'' collected in Madagascar led to the isolation of the two new bioactive dimeric phloroglucinols mallotojaponins B and C, together with mallotophenone. These compounds show antiproliferative and antiplasmodial ''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a verteb ... activities. References Phloroglucinols Natural phenol dimers {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mallotophenone
Mallotophenone is a dimeric phloroglucinol found in ''Mallotus oppositifolius'' or in ''Mallotus japonicus''. The bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the leaves and inflorescence of ''M. oppositifolius'' collected in Madagascar led to the isolation of the two new bioactive dimeric phloroglucinols mallotophenone, together with mallotojaponins B and C. These compounds show antiproliferative and antiplasmodial ''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a verteb ... activities. References Phloroglucinols Natural phenol dimers {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiproliferative
Cytostasis (cyto – cell; stasis – stoppage) is the inhibition of cell growth and multiplication. Cytostatic refers to a cellular component or medicine that inhibits cell division. Cytostasis is an important prerequisite for structured multicellular organisms. Without regulation of cell growth and division only unorganized heaps of cells would be possible. Chemotherapy of cancer, treatment of skin diseases and treatment of infections are common use cases of cytostatic drugs. Active hygienic products generally contain cytostatic substances. Cytostatic mechanisms and drugs generally occur together with cytotoxic ones. Activators Nitric oxide – activated macrophages produce large amounts of nitric oxide (NO), which induces both cytostasis and cytotoxicity to tumor cells both ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo''. Nitric oxide-induced cytostasis targets ribonucleotide reductase by rapid and reversible inhibition. However, other studies show there could be other targets that are res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiplasmodial
''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle. ''Plasmodium'' is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a large group of parasitic eukaryotes. Within Apicomplexa, ''Plasmodium'' is in the order Haemosporida and family Plasmodiidae. Over 200 species of ''Plasmodium'' have been described, many of which have been subdivided into 14 subgenera based on parasite morphology and host range. Evolutionary relationships among different ''Plasm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
