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Makhzen (Tunisia)
In Tunisia, makhzen was the term used to designate the political and administrative establishment of the Beylik of Tunis before the proclamation of the republic in 1957. The makhzen consisted of families of Turkish origin, or Turkish-speaking mamluks of European origin, intermarried with indigenous Tunisian families who were great merchants or landowners. This network of families dominated the high offices of state, the leadership of the army and the positions of rank and power in the regions outside the capital. They were also closely connected with the senior ulema. These were known as “makhzen families”. Outside of the capital and the major towns, the term 'makhzen' designated not the leading families close to the regime, but those of the interior tribes which had a trusted relationship with the ruling family. Together the great families and the loyal tribes made up the country's 'establishment'. Origin of the term Originally the term 'makhzen' denoted specifically the escort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunisia
) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa , image_map2 = , capital = Tunis , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , official_languages = Arabic Translation by the University of Bern: "Tunisia is a free State, independent and sovereign; its religion is the Islam, its language is Arabic, and its form is the Republic." , religion = , languages_type = Spoken languages , languages = Minority Dialects : Jerba Berber (Chelha) Matmata Berber Judeo-Tunisian Arabic (UNESCO CR) , languages2_type = Foreign languages , languages2 = , ethnic_groups = * 98% Arab * 2% Other , demonym = Tunisian , government_type = Unitary presidential republic , leader_title1 = President , leader_name1 = Kais Saied , leader_ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aziz Djellouli
Mohammed Aziz Djellouli (born Tunis, December 14, 1896 - died Radès, 1975) was a Tunisian politician and businessman. He served for a time as chairman of the Red Crescent in Tunisia, and an administrator of the Central Bank of Tunisia under Hédi Nouira. Personal life Djellouli was born into a wealthy family of Arab origin; his father, Taïeb Djellouli, served as the Prime Minister of Tunisia from 1915 until 1922 and his mother was from a notable family of Turkish people, Turkish origin.El Mokhtar Bey, ''De la dynastie husseinite. Le fondateur Hussein Ben Ali. 1705 - 1735 - 1740'', éd. Serviced, Tunis, 1993 References *Mohamed El Aziz Ben Achour, ''Catégories de la société tunisoise dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle'', éd. Institut national d'archéologie et d'art, Tunis, 1989, pp. 195–197 1896 births 1975 deaths Tunisian people of Turkish descent People from Tunis 20th-century Tunisian politicians 20th-century Tunisian businesspeople {{Tunisia-p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahar Ben Ammar
Tahar Ben Ammar (November 25, 1889 – May 10, 1985http://www.taharbenammar.com/chronologie.php) (Arabic: الطاهر بن عمار) was a Tunisian politician. Biography He was born in Tunis. He served as the last Prime Minister of Tunisia under French rule from 1954 to 1956, and was the first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia, from March 20 to April 11, 1956. Ben Ammar co-founded with Abdelaziz Thâalbi the Destour on March 1920. On June 3, 1955, he signed the first agreement for the internal autonomy of Tunisia and on March 20, 1956. Taher Ben Ammar was the co- signatory of the official Memorandum of Understanding for Tunisia's independence with the French Foreign Minister Christian Pineau. Independence On 20 March 1956 the Franco-Tunisian protocol was signed by the Grand Vizier Tahar Ben Ammar and the French Foreign Minister Christian Pineau. The new Tunisian government, led by Bourguiba, deemed the country to be independent by virtue of this protocol, and therefo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neo-Destour
The New Constitutional Liberal Party ( ar, الحزب الحر الدستوري الجديد, '; French: ''Nouveau Parti libéral constitutionnel''), most commonly known as Neo Destour, was a Tunisian political party founded in 1934 by a group of Tunisian nationalist politicians during the French protectorate. It originated from a split with the Destour party. Led by Habib Bourguiba, Neo Destour became the ruling party upon Tunisian independence in 1956. In 1964, it was renamed the Socialist Destourian Party. History The party was formed as a result of a split from the pre-existing Destour party in 1934, during the Ksar Hellal Congress of March 2. Several leaders were particularly prominent during the party's early years before World War II: Habib Bourguiba, Mahmoud El Materi, Tahar Sfar, Bahri Guiga, and Salah ben Youssef. Prior to the split, a younger group of Destour members had alarmed the party elders by appealing directly to the populace through their more radica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slaheddine Baccouche
Slaheddine Baccouche (August 14, 1883 – December 24, 1959) was a Tunisian politician. He served as grand vizier of Tunis under Muhammad VIII al-Amin Muhammad VIII al-Amin ( ar, محمد الثامن الأمين; 4 September 1881 – 30 September 1962) commonly known as Lamine Bey ( ar, الأمين باي), was the last Bey of Tunis (15 May 1943 – 20 March 1956),Werner Ruf, ''Introduction ..., from 1943 to 1947 and again from 1952 to 1954. His nephew was the writer Hachemi Baccouche. Biography He is the son of General Mohamed Baccouche, native of Cape Bon, Minister and Counselor beylical; his mother is Mamiya Ben Ayed, from a family of the Caidal aristocracy. After having held several positions of caid in Sousse and Bizerte, he held the office of Grand Vizier twice during the reign of Lamine Bey from 15 May 1943 to 19 July 1947, and from 26 March 1952 to 2 March 1953. He is often considered as one of the Tunisian personalities, who opposed the Tunisian national ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamine Bey
Muhammad VIII al-Amin ( ar, محمد الثامن الأمين; 4 September 1881 – 30 September 1962) commonly known as Lamine Bey ( ar, الأمين باي), was the last Bey of Tunis (15 May 1943 – 20 March 1956),Werner Ruf, ''Introduction à l'Afrique du Nord contemporaine'', éd. Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, 1975, p. 432 and also the only King of Tunisia (20 March 1956 – 25 July 1957). He was enthroned in unusual circumstances following the removal of his predecessor Muhammad VII al Munsif by the French Resident General Henri Giraud in 1943. It was not until the latter's death in 1948 that his legitimacy was recognised by the people of Tunisia. He took steps to align himself with the Tunisian national movement against the French protectorate but was sidelined by the Neo Destour after he accepted French-initiated reforms in 1954. Shortly after independence Lamine Bey was turned out of his palace along with his family. Their property was seized a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medina Of Tunis
The Medina of Tunis is the medina quarter of Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. The Medina contains some 700 monuments, including palaces, mosques, mausoleums, madrasas and fountains dating from the Almohad and the Hafsid periods. History Founded in 698 around the original core of the Zitouna Mosque, the Medina of Tunis developed throughout the Middle Ages. The main axis was between the mosque and the centre of government to the west in the kasbah. To the east this same main road extended to the Bab el Bhar. Expansions to the north and south divided the main Medina into two suburbs north (Bab Souika) and south (Bab El Jazira). Before the Almohad Caliphate, other cities such as Mahdia and Kairouan had served as capitals. Under Almohad rule, Tunis became the capital of Ifriqiya, and under the Hafsid period it developed into a religious, intellectual and economic center. It was during the Hafsid period that the Medina as we no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustapha Saheb Ettabaa
Mustapha Saheb Ettabaa ( ar, مصطفى صاحب الطابع; born 1784 and died 10 May 1861), was a Tunisian politician and a mamluk of Georgian origin who served as a minister in the Beylik of Tunis. Early life To increase his prestige at the court of Hammouda Pasha the Sfaxi shipowner and tax farmer Mahmoud Djellouli had his agent acquire a young slave in the market in Istanbul who would be capable of occupying a privileged place within the court. Djellouli then offered him to the bey. At the Bardo Palace, Mustapha followed the normal Mamluk training course. On the sudden death of Hammouda Pasha, Mustapha was freed according to the customs of the Beylical court but, after leaving the Bardo, the influential minister Youssef Saheb Ettabaa attached him to the service of the new ruler Osman Bey, who was quickly assassinated. Political career Mustapha really entered politics under the reign of Hussein Bey whom he served as Keeper of the Seals (Saheb Ettabaa) (he had no family l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
