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Majles
The Islamic Consultative Assembly ( fa, مجلس شورای اسلامی, Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the national legislative body of Iran. The Parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 272 seats since the 18 February 2000 election. The most recent election took place on 21 February 2020 and the new parliament convened on 28 May 2020. History Islamic Republic of Iran After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the Senate of Iran was abolished and was effectively replaced by the Guardian Council thus the Iranian legislature remained bicameral. In the 1989 revision of the constitution, the ''National Consultative Assembly'' became the ''Islamic Consultative Assembly''. The Parliament of Iran has had six chairmen since the Iranian Revolution. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was the first chairman, from 1980 to 1989. Then came Mehdi Karroubi (1989–199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Islamic Republic Of Iran
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران, ''Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Iran'') was December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum, adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906. It has been 1989 Iranian constitutional referendum, amended once, on 28 July 1989. The constitution has been called a "Hybrid regime, hybrid" of "theocratic and democratic elements". Articles One and Two vest sovereignty in God; but article Six "mandates popular elections for the presidency and the Majlis, or parliament." However, main democratic procedures and rights are subordinate to the Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader of Iran, Supreme Leader, whose powers are spelled out in Chapter Eight (Articles 107–112). History It is said that an early draft was written in Paris by Ruhollah Khomeini during his exile there before the overthrow of the Pahlavi d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Consultative Assembly
The National Consultative Assembly ( fa, مجلس شورای ملی, Mad̲j̲les-e s̲h̲ūrā-ye mellī) or simply Majles, was the national legislative body of Iran from 1906 to 1979. It was elected by universal suffrage, excluding the armed forces A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ... and convicted criminals but since 1963 including women, who might both vote and be elected. Notes and references * Afary, Janet. ''The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911''. Columbia University Press. 1996. {{coord, 35.6903, N, 51.4333, E, source:wikidata, display=title National legislatures 1906 establishments in Iran 1906 in law 20th century in Iran National Consultative Assembly Legislature of Iran Politics of Qajar Iran Pahlavi Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campaign For Justice-seeking Parliament
The Campaign for Justice-seeking Parliament ( fa, پویش مجلس عدالتخواه) or simply the Justice Seekers ( fa, عدالتخواهان, Edalatkhahan) are a group of conservatives who compiled an electoral list for 2020 Iranian legislative election. Origins and political position With most members belonging to the younger generation, they maintain close ties to the university campuses in Tehran, as well as other major cities. The group has been spawned from inside the conservative camp. It is described as possessing " left-leaning tendencies" by Al-Monitor, while in 2019 Radio Farda called the group right-wing. According to Farhad Rezaei, despite senior members of the group have previously cooperated with Basij, leadership of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps had not sided with them in the past. Before, they had actively supported Saeed Jalili's campaign for 2013 presidential election. Ideologically, the group is not only against the reformists, but also opp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of Iran
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2000 Iranian Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 18 February 2000, with a second round on 5 May. The result was a solid victory for 2nd of Khordad Front and its allies, the reformist supporters of President Mohammad Khatami. Campaign A total of 6,083 candidates contested the elections. 225 of the 290 seats were won in the first round of voting. Registration process took place between 11 and 16 December 1999. Main reformist coalition lists were "2nd of Khordad Press" and "Coalition of 15 Groups Supporting 2nd of Khordad" (including 11 out of 18 members in the 2nd of Khordad Front) and main principlist coalition was Coalition of Followers of the Line of Imam and Leader. Rest of lists were issued by solitary parties. For the first time Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran issued an electoral list and was able to win two exclusive seats ( Alireza Rajaei in Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr and Rahman Kargosha in Arak, Komijan and Khondab) but the Guardian Council dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guardian Council
The Guardian Council, (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, fa, شورای نگهبان, Shourā-ye Negahbān) is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The constitution of the Islamic Republic gives the council three mandates: :a) veto power over legislation passed by the parliament (Majles); :b) supervision of elections; and :c) approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections. The Iranian constitution calls for the council to be composed of six Islamic faqihs (experts in Islamic Law), "conscious of the present needs and the issues of the day" to be selected by the Supreme Leader of Iran, and six jurists, "specializing in different areas of law, to be elected by the Majlis (the Iranian Parliament) from among the Muslim jurists nominated by the Chief Justice", (who, in turn, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2020 Iranian Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Iran on 21 February 2020, four years after the previous legislative election in 2016. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, the second round, to elect eleven seats, was postponed until 11 September 2020. Candidates had to be approved by the Guardian Council, and of the 14,000 applying to run for the Islamic Consultative Assembly legislature, 6,850 were rejected, including 90 current members of the Assembly (who were approved to run in the last election). "Moderates and conservatives" were mostly rejected by the Council and "hardliners" approved (according to Parisa Hefzi); while another observer believed some of the rejected were corrupt and others lacking sufficient loyalty to the regime. Background Electoral system The 290-seat Islamic Consultative Assembly consists of 285 directly elected members and five seats reserved for the Zoroastrians, Jews, Assyrian and Chaldean Christians and Armenians (one for Armenians in the north of Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coalition Of Eight Reformist Parties
The Coalition of Eight Reformist Parties ( fa, ائتلاف هشت حزب اصلاحطلب) refers to the political alliance of eight reformist parties that endorsed a joint electoral list for 2020 Iranian legislative election in Tehran electoral district. The group was formed after the main umbrella group of the camp, the Reformists' Council for Policymaking, declared that it won't compile a list as a result of vast disqualifications by the Guardian Council, while allowing the parties within to form their own coalitions. It was one of the two lists spawned from the camp, the other being Friends of Hashemi. The coalition was initially supposed to be formed by twelve parties, and its tentative title was 'Reformists in the Capital'. At last, four of those parties were not present in the coalition and the name ''Etelaf Barayeh Iran'' ( fa, ائتلاف برای ایران, lit=Coalition for Future of Iran) was selected for the list. It was headed by Majid Ansari of Association o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Reformists
The Reformists ( fa, اصلاحطلبان, Eslâh-Talabân) are a political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front. Background Organizations The 2nd of Khordad Movement usually refers not only to the coalition of 18 groups and political parties of the reforms front but to anyone else who was a supporter of the 1997 reform programs of Khatami. The ideology of Khatami and the movement is based on Islamic democracy. The reforms front consists of several political parties, some of the most famous including the following : * Islamic Iran Participation Front: key figures are Mohammad Reza Khatami, Saeed Hajjarian, Alireza Alavitabar, Abbas Abdi, Mohsen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moderation And Development Party
Moderation and Development Party ( fa, حزب اعتدال و توسعه, Hezb-e E'tedāl va Towse'eh) is a political party in Iran. It is a pragmatic-centrist political party which held its first congress in 2002. Platform The party is part of the faction called "modernist right", "moderate reformists" and "technocrats" that draws from upper-level bureaucrats, industrialists and managers. It deals with a platform on modernization and economic growth rather than social justice, along with the Executives of Construction Party and the Islamic Labour Party. The party has been allied with Popular Coalition of Reforms and Pervasive Coalition of Reformists in parliamentary elections and has had good relations with both Mohammad Khatami’s reform program and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. In April 2017, the party joined the supreme policymaking council of reformists. Some sources branded them as part of the conservative camp in the 2000s or reformists under the leadership of Akbar Hashem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Principlists
The Principlists ( fa, اصولگرایان, Osul-Garāyān, ), also interchangeably known as the Iranian Conservatives Open access material licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. and formerly referred to as the Right or Right-wing, are one of two main political camps inside post-revolutionary Iran, the other being Reformists. The term '' hardliners'' that some western sources use in the Iranian political context usually refers to the faction, although the principlist camp also includes more centrist tendencies. The camp rejects the ''status quo'' internationally, but tends to preserve it domestically. Within Iranian politics, a principlist refers to the conservative supporters of the Supreme Leader of Iran and advocates for protecting the ideological 'principles' of the Islamic Revolution’s early days. According to Hossein Mousavian, "The Principlists constitute the main right-wing/conservative political movement in Ira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deviant Current
The "deviant current" or "current of deviation" ( fa, جریان انحرافی, Jarīān-e Enherāfī) is a term used by Iranian officials (e.g. high-ranking clerics, Revolutionary Guards commanders) and conservative rivals of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to describe Ahmadinejad's entourage which functions like a faction or party. Ahmadinejad had some tendency toward Iranian nationalism which deviated from the clerics' theocratic rule, hence top clerics labeled the faction associated with him as "deviant current". The term was coined in 2011, after an open conflict between Ahmadinejad and the Supreme leader Ali Khamenei. People People who have been described as associated with the "deviant current" include: * Mahmoud Ahmadinejad * Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei, described as the leader of the movement * Hamid Baghaei * Mohammad Reza Rahimi * Ali Nikzad *Mojtaba Samareh Hashemi * Mohammed Sharif Malekzadeh * Mohammad Aliabadi * Ali Akbar Javanfekr * Abdolreza Davari, senior media figure in presi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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