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Macracanthorhynchus
''Macracanthorhynchus'', also known as the giant thorny-headed worm of swine, is a member of the Oligacanthorhynchidae which contains many species. One species, ''M. hirudinaceus'', is a parasite which lives in the intestines of pigs and other suids, and very occasionally in humans or dogs. It causes enteritis, gastritis or peritonitis. Its life cycle includes beetles of the genus ''Melolontha'' as intermediate hosts. This species has many synonyms which include: ''Echinorhynchus gigas'' (Block, 1782), ''Macracanthorhynchus gigas'' (Block, 1782), ''Echinorhynchus hirundinacea'' (Palas, 1781), ''Gigantorhynchus hirundinaceus'' (Pallas, 1781), ''Gigantorhynchus gigas'' (Block, 1782), ''Hormorhynchus gigas'' (Block, 1782), ''Taenia haeruca'' (Pallas, 1776), and ''Taenia hirundinaceus'' (Pallas, 1781) The complete mitochondrial genome of ''M. hirudinaceus'' has been sequenced. The eggs have 4 membranes are 98 μm long and have an elongation ratio of 1.85.Pfenning, A. C. (2017). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligacanthorhynchidae
Oligacanthorhynchida is an order containing a single parasitic worm family, Oligacanthorhynchidae, that attach themselves to the intestinal wall of terrestrial vertebrates. Taxonomy and description Species ''Oligacanthorhynchida'' contains twelve genera and numerous species. Cucullanorhynchus The genus ''Cucullanorhynchus'' Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008 is named for the anterior hood. It was described in 2008 based on samples collected from the intestines of mammals between 1998 and 2004 in Vietnam. *''Cucullanorhynchus constrictruncatus'' Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008 ''C. constrictruncatus'' is the only species in the genus ''Cucullanorhynchus''. It has been found in the intestine of the leopard (''Panthera pardus'') in Vietnam. The trunk has an anterior hood in both sexes and a posterior constriction in females. The species name derives from this constriction near the posterior end of females. Heptamegacanthus The genus ''Heptamegacanthus'' Spencer-Jones, 1990 contains 1 sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archiacanthocephala
Archiacanthocephala is a class within the phylum of Acanthocephala Acanthocephala (Greek , ', thorn + , ', head) is a phylum of parasitic worms known as acanthocephalans, thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms, characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to p .... They are Parasitic worm, parasitic worms that attach themselves to the intestinal wall of terrestrial vertebrates, including humans. They are characterised by the body wall and the lemnisci (which are a bundle of sensory nerve fibers), which have nuclei that divide without spindle formation, or the appearance of chromosomes, or it has a few amoebae-like giant nuclei. Typically, there are eight separate cement glands in the male, which is one of the few ways to distinguish the dorsal and ventral sides of these organisms. Taxonomy Genetic data are not available for the genus ''Apororhynchus'' in public databases, and ''Apororhynchus'' has not been included in Phyloge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Life Cycle
In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle or lifecycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state. "The concept is closely related to those of the life history, development and ontogeny, but differs from them in stressing renewal." Transitions of form may involve growth, asexual reproduction, or sexual reproduction. In some organisms, different "generations" of the species succeed each other during the life cycle. For plants and many algae, there are two multicellular stages, and the life cycle is referred to as alternation of generations. The term life history is often used, particularly for organisms such as the red algae which have three multicellular stages (or more), rather than two.Dixon, P.S. 1973. ''Biology of the Rhodophyta.'' Oliver & Boyd. Life cycles that include sexual reproduction involve alternating haploid (''n'') and diploid (2''n'') stages, i.e., a change of pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raccoon
The raccoon ( or , ''Procyon lotor''), sometimes called the common raccoon to distinguish it from other species, is a mammal native to North America. It is the largest of the procyonid family, having a body length of , and a body weight of . Its grayish coat mostly consists of dense underfur, which insulates it against cold weather. Three of the raccoon's most distinctive features are its extremely dexterous front paws, its facial mask, and its ringed tail, which are themes in the mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas relating to the animal. The raccoon is noted for its intelligence, as studies show that it is able to remember the solution to tasks for at least three years. It is usually nocturnal and omnivorous, eating about 40% invertebrates, 33% plants, and 27% vertebrates. The original habitats of the raccoon are deciduous and mixed forests, but due to their adaptability, they have extended their range to mountainous areas, coastal marshes, and urban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitochondrial Genome
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in plastids such as chloroplasts. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. This sequencing revealed that the human mtDNA includes 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. Since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It also permits an examination of the relatedness of populations, and so has become important in anthropology and biogeography. Origin Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are thought to be of separate evolutionary origin, with the mtDNA being derived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intermediate Host
In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist ''guest'' (symbiont). The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter. Examples include animals playing host to parasitic worms (e.g. nematodes), cells harbouring pathogenic (disease-causing) viruses, a bean plant hosting mutualistic (helpful) nitrogen-fixing bacteria. More specifically in botany, a host plant supplies food resources to micropredators, which have an evolutionarily stable relationship with their hosts similar to ectoparasitism. The host range is the collection of hosts that an organism can use as a partner. Symbiosis Symbiosis spans a wide variety of possible relationships between organisms, differing in their permanence and their effects on the two parties. If one of the partners in an association is much larger than the other, it is generally known as the host. In parasitism, the parasite benefits at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melolontha
''Melolontha'' is a genus of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. The European cockchafers belong to this genus. Taxonomy Linnaeus called the European cockchafer ''Scarabaeus melolontha''. Étienne Louis Geoffroy used ''Melolontha'' as a genus name (1762), but his book has been suppressed by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature, and the authority for the name is the later (1775) publication by Johan Christian Fabricius. Species The following is a list of species within the genus ''Melolontha'': *'' Melolontha aceris'' Faldermann, 1835 *''Melolontha afflicta'' Ballion, 1870 *''Melolontha albida'' Frivaldszky, 1835 *''Melolontha anita'' Reitter, 1902 *''Melolontha argus'' Burmeister 1855 *''Melolontha bifurcata'' (Brenske, 1896) *''Melolontha chinensis'' ( Guerin, 1838) *''Melolontha ciliciensis'' Petrovitz *''Melolontha flabellata'' Sharp, 1876 *''Melolontha frater'' Arrow, 1913 – Indonesia *''Melolontha fuscotestacea'' Kraatz, 1887 *''Melolontha gutti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described insects and 25% of all known animal life-forms; new species are discovered frequently, with estimates suggesting that there are between 0.9 and 2.1 million total species. Found in almost every habitat except the sea and the polar regions, they interact with their ecosystems in several ways: beetles often feed on plants and fungi, break down animal and plant debris, and eat other invertebrates. Some species are serious agricultural pests, such as the Colorado potato beetle, while others such as Coccinellidae (ladybirds or ladybugs) eat aphids, scale insects, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects that damage crops. Beetles typically have a particularly hard e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert-Philippe Dollfus
Robert-Philippe Dollfus (20 July 1887 in Paris, France – 19 February 1976 in Paris, France) was a French zoologist and parasitologist. Stunkard, H.W. 1977. In Memoriam Robert-Philippe Dollfus (1887–1976). Journal of Parasitology 63: 706 & 727. Grabda, E. 1977. Robert Ph. Dollfus (1887–1976) Wspomnienie Pośmiertne. ''Wiadomości Parazytologiczne'' 23: 463–465. Career Robert-Philippe Dollfus was born in Paris on July 20, 1887, in a family of Protestant tradition. His father was Gustave Frédéric Dollfus, famous French geologist and malacologist. Very early on, he attended the laboratories of Alfred Giard and that of Alfred Blanchard. As early as 1912, at the age of 25, he established the notion of metacercaria, a stage of the lifecycle of Digenea. In 1914, he was on an oceanographic mission aboard the Research Vessel "Pourquoi Pas?" under the orders of Jean-Baptiste Charcot. During the Second World War, he was a stretcher bearer and auxiliary doctor. Between the wars, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Friedrich Bernhard Von Linstow
Otto Friedrich Bernhard von Linstow (17 October 1842 – 3 May 1916) was a German high-ranking medical officer (''Oberstabsarzt und Regimentsarzt'') and helminthologist. Von Linstow was born in Itzehoe north west of Hamburg. He received his medical PhD in 1864 at the University of Kiel and worked as military doctor in Hameln, later in Göttingen, where he was promoted to a major. He published his book ''Compendium der Helminthology'' in 1878 in Hannover. Von Linstow died 3 May 1916 in Göttingen. Written works * ''Compendium der helminthologie. Ein verzeichniss der bekannten helminthen, die frei oder in thierischen körpern leben, geordnet nach ihren wohnthieren, unter angabe der organe, in denen sie gefunden sind, und mit beifügung der litteraturquellen'', (1878) - Compendium of helminthology: A directory of known helminths, etc. * "Report on the Entozoa collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76", (1880). * ''Die Giftthiere und ihre Wirkung auf den Menschen : ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastritis
Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach. It may occur as a short episode or may be of a long duration. There may be no symptoms but, when symptoms are present, the most common is upper abdominal pain (see dyspepsia). Other possible symptoms include nausea and vomiting, bloating, loss of appetite and heartburn. Complications may include stomach bleeding, stomach ulcers, and stomach tumors. When due to autoimmune problems, low red blood cells due to not enough vitamin B12 may occur, a condition known as pernicious anemia. Common causes include infection with '' Helicobacter pylori'' and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs). Less common causes include alcohol, smoking, cocaine, severe illness, autoimmune problems, radiation therapy and Crohn's disease. Endoscopy, a type of X-ray known as an upper gastrointestinal series, blood tests, and stool tests may help with diagnosis. The symptoms of gastritis may be a presentation of a myocardial infarcti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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