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MONUA
The United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA, Mission d'Observation des Nations Unies à l'Angola) was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1118 of 30 June 1997. Due to the collapse of the peace process in Angola, UN Secretary General recommended to the UN Security Council that MONUA's mandate not be renewed. The mission officially terminated in on 24 February 1999, per the terms of Resolution 1213. MONUA was the last peacekeeping mission in Angola, and was preceded by three other peacekeeping missions: UNAVEM I, II and III. The Angolan Civil War raged between 1974 and 2002 and was the longest lasting conflict in Africa. At the beginning of the mission in 1997, the UN peacekeeping force consisted of approximately 3500 soldiers, observers and police constables, coming from 17 countries. This number was reduced to 400 in 1999, when the mission ended. Seventeen Blue Helmets died in the conflict. See also *Angolan Civil War * Timeline of United Natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1118
United Nations Security Council resolution 1118, adopted unanimously on 30 June 1997, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, the council established the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) to supersede the United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III). The security council recognised the important contribution that UNAVEM III peacekeepers had made to the peace process in Angola. Meanwhile, a government of national unity and reconciliation was formed in which UNITA was included. Both parties had to continue with the implementation of the remaining political and military tasks, while concern was expressed at UNITA attacks on UNAVEM III personnel and tension in the northeastern provinces. It was then decided that, from 1 July 1997, MONUVA would be established for an initial period ending on 31 October 1997, with the expectation that the mission would terminate by 1 February 1998. MONUA was also given responsib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1213
United Nations Security Council resolution 1213, adopted unanimously on 3 December 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, including resolutions 846 (1993), 1127 (1997) and 1173 (1998), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) for a final time until 26 February 1999. The Security Council condemned the failure of UNITA to implement the remaining tasks of the Lusaka Protocol including the demilitarisation of its forces and the extension of state administration throughout the country. It was concerned that the leader of UNITA, Jonas Savimbi, had not responded to proposals for the restoration of the peace process by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General. There was a serious humanitarian impact brought about by the impasse in the peace process which had consequences on the security of the country. The resolution reiterated that the primary cause of the political crisis in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of United Nations Peacekeeping Missions
The United Nations has authorized 71 peacekeeping operations as of April 2018. These do not include interventions authorized by the UN like the Korean War and the Gulf War. The 1990s saw the most UN peacekeeping operations to date. Peacekeeping operations are overseen by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and share some common characteristics, namely the inclusion of a military or police component, often with an authorization for use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. Peacekeeping operations are distinct from special political missions (SPMs), which are overseen by the Department of Political Affairs (DPA). SPMs are not included in the table below. 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s See also *League of Nations, predecessor of the United Nations * History of United Nations peacekeeping *List of UN peacekeeping missions *List of countries where UN peacekeepers are currently deployed This is a list o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angolan Civil War
The Angolan Civil War ( pt, Guerra Civil Angolana) was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war immediately began after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was a power struggle between two former anti-colonial guerrilla movements, the communist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the turned anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). The war was used as a surrogate battleground for the Cold War by rival states such as the Soviet Union, Cuba, South Africa, and the United States. The MPLA and UNITA had different roots in Angolan society and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their shared aim of ending colonial rule. A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA with UNITA during the war for independence, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Angola Verification Mission I
The United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (I UNAVEM) was a peacekeeping mission that existed from January 1989 to June 1991 in Angola during the civil war.Meisler, Stanley. ''United Nations: The First Fifty Years'', 1997. Page 368. It was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 626 on December 20, 1988. In the civil war, the Soviet Union and Cuba backed the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA), while South Africa and the United States backed the União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA). The MPLA became the stronger party. UNAVEM I's purpose was oversee withdrawal of the Cuban troops. This mission was a success. The United Nations created a follow up mission, United Nations Angola Verification Mission II, in 1991. See also * Cuban intervention in Angola The Cuban intervention in Angola (codenamed Operation Carlota) began on 5 November 1975, when Cuba sent combat troops in support of the communist-aligned People's Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Issa Diallo
Issa or ISSA may refer to: Acronyms and abbreviations *Independent Schools Sports Association, now known as the Sports Association for Adelaide Schools *Information Systems Security Association *Instituto Superior de Secretariado y Administracion (ISSA), a center of the University of Navarra that trains elite management assistants *International Sailing Schools Association, an international association of sailing schools *International Securities Services Association, an association of securities services providers; see Borsa Istanbul *International Social Security Association, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland *International Sports Sciences Association, an international organization of fitness experts which certifies personal fitness trainers *International Strategic Studies Association *Interscholastic Sailing Association *Irish Seed Savers Association People *El-Issa family *Issa (clan), a Somali clan that mainly inhabits Djibouti *Issa (name), a given name and surname *Koba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter. Its powers include establishing peacekeeping operations, enacting international sanctions, and authorizing military action. The UNSC is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions on member states. Like the UN as a whole, the Security Council was created after World War II to address the failings of the League of Nations in maintaining world peace. It held its first session on 17 January 1946 but was largely paralyzed in the following decades by the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union (and their allies). Nevertheless, it authorized military interventions in the Korean War and the Congo Crisis and peacekeeping missions in Cyprus, West New Guinea, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Angola Verification Mission II
The United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II), established May 1991 and lasting until February 1995, was the second United Nations peacekeeping mission, of a total of four, deployed to Angola during the course of the Angolan Civil War, the longest war in modern African history. Specifically, the mission was established to oversee and maintain the multilateral ceasefire of 1990 and the subsequent Bicesse Accords in 1991, which instituted an electoral process for the first time including the two rival factions of the civil war, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the ''de facto'' government of Angola, with control of Luanda and most of the country since independence in 1975, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). The mission's original mandate was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 696 (1991), passed on May 30, 1991. The stated mandate was: to verify the arrangements agreed by the Angolan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Angola Verification Mission III
The United Nations Angola Verification Mission III was a peacekeeping mission that began operating in Angola in February 1995 during the civil war.Meisler, Stanley. ''United Nations: The First Fifty Years'', 1997. Page 369. It was established by the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 976, and concluded its mission in June 1997. The Indian Army contributed to this UN mission by deploying one infantry battalion group (1000 personnel) and one engineers company group (200 personnel). There were a total of six infantry battalion groups operating in distinct regions of Angola, during this period (One each from India, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Brazil, Bangladesh, Uruguay and Romania). The mandate of the various Infantry Battalion groups was to ensure ceasefire between the Angolan Army and the UNITA rebels (who had control over more than half the country at that time), and then arrange for a safe "quartering" of these UNITA rebels once they laid down their arms. Subsequently, most of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Operations In Angola
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * United (2003 film), ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * United (2011 film), ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film Literature * United! (novel), ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * United (Commodores album), ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * United (Dream Evil album), ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * United (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * United (Marian Gold album), ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * United (Phoenix album), ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * United (Woody Shaw album), ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * United (Judas Priest song), "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * United (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNITA
The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( pt, União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola, abbr. UNITA) is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought alongside the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) in the Angolan War for Independence (1961–1975) and then against the MPLA in the ensuing civil war (1975–2002). The war was one of the most prominent Cold War proxy wars, with UNITA receiving military aid initially from People's Republic of China from 1966 until October 1975 and later from the United States and apartheid South Africa while the MPLA received support from the Soviet Union and its allies, especially Cuba. Until 1996, UNITA was funded through Angolan diamond mines in both Lunda Norte and Lunda Sul along the Cuango River valley, especially the Catoca mine, which was Angola's only Kimberlite mine at that time. Valdemar Chidondo served as Chief of Staff in the government of UNITA, pro-W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organizations Established By The United Nations
An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. The word is derived from the Greek word ''organon'', which means tool or instrument, musical instrument, and organ. Types There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, political organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and educational institutions, etc. A hybrid organization is a body that operates in both the public sector and the private sector simultaneously, fulfilling public duties and developing commercial market activities. A voluntary association is an organization consisting of volunteers. Such organizations may be able to operate without legal formalities, depending on jurisdiction, inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
