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MIXMAX Generator
The MIXMAX generator is a family of pseudorandom number generators (PRNG) and is based on Anosov C-systems ( Anosov diffeomorphism) and Kolmogorov K-systems (Kolmogorov automorphism). It was introduced in a 1986 preprint by G. Savvidy and N. Ter-Arutyunyan-Savvidy and published in 1991. A fast implementation in C/C++ of the generator was developed by Konstantin Savvidy. The period of the generator is 10^ and the Kolmogorov entropy is 8679.2 for the matrix size N = 240. That generator occupies less than 2 kb, and if a smaller generator state is required, a ''N'' = 17 version with less than 200 bytes memory requirement also exists. The generator works on most 64-bit systems, including 64-bit Linux flavors and Intel Mac. It has also been tested on PPC and ARM architectures. The latest version also runs on 32-bit systems and on Windows. The generator is equally usable with C++ programs, has been chosen as the default generator in CLHEP for use in Geant4 and there exists a RO ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudorandom Number Generator
A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), also known as a deterministic random bit generator (DRBG), is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate the properties of sequences of random numbers. The PRNG-generated sequence is not truly random, because it is completely determined by an initial value, called the PRNG's ''seed'' (which may include truly random values). Although sequences that are closer to truly random can be generated using hardware random number generators, ''pseudorandom number generators'' are important in practice for their speed in number generation and their reproducibility. PRNGs are central in applications such as simulations (e.g. for the Monte Carlo method), electronic games (e.g. for procedural generation), and cryptography. Cryptographic applications require the output not to be predictable from earlier outputs, and more elaborate algorithms, which do not inherit the linearity of simpler PRNGs, are needed. Good statist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Array Data Structure
In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of ''elements'' (values or variables), each identified by at least one ''array index'' or ''key''. An array is stored such that the position of each element can be computed from its index tuple by a mathematical formula. The simplest type of data structure is a linear array, also called one-dimensional array. For example, an array of ten 32-bit (4-byte) integer variables, with indices 0 through 9, may be stored as ten words at memory addresses 2000, 2004, 2008, ..., 2036, (in hexadecimal: 0x7D0, 0x7D4, 0x7D8, ..., 0x7F4) so that the element with index ''i'' has the address 2000 + (''i'' × 4). The memory address of the first element of an array is called first address, foundation address, or base address. Because the mathematical concept of a matrix can be represented as a two-dimensional grid, two-dimensional arrays are also sometimes called "matrices". In some cases the term "vector" is used in comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anosov Diffeomorphism
In mathematics, more particularly in the fields of dynamical systems and geometric topology, an Anosov map on a manifold ''M'' is a certain type of mapping, from ''M'' to itself, with rather clearly marked local directions of "expansion" and "contraction". Anosov systems are a special case of Axiom A systems. Anosov diffeomorphisms were introduced by Dmitri Victorovich Anosov, who proved that their behaviour was in an appropriate sense ''generic'' (when they exist at all). Dmitri V. Anosov, ''Geodesic flows on closed Riemannian manifolds with negative curvature'', (1967) Proc. Steklov Inst. Mathematics. 90. Overview Three closely related definitions must be distinguished: * If a differentiable map ''f'' on ''M'' has a hyperbolic structure on the tangent bundle, then it is called an Anosov map. Examples include the Bernoulli map,_and_Arnold's_cat_map.html" ;"title=", 1)^\infty : x \mapsto (x_0, x_1, x_2, ..., and Arnold's cat map">, 1)^\infty : x \mapsto (x_0, x_1, x_2, ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolmogorov Automorphism
In mathematics, a Kolmogorov automorphism, ''K''-automorphism, ''K''-shift or ''K''-system is an invertible, measure-preserving automorphism defined on a standard probability space that obeys Kolmogorov's zero–one law.Peter Walters, ''An Introduction to Ergodic Theory'', (1982) Springer-Verlag All Bernoulli automorphisms are ''K''-automorphisms (one says they have the ''K''-property), but not vice versa. Many ergodic dynamical systems have been shown to have the ''K''-property, although more recent research has shown that many of these are in fact Bernoulli automorphisms. Although the definition of the ''K''-property seems reasonably general, it stands in sharp distinction to the Bernoulli automorphism. In particular, the Ornstein isomorphism theorem does not apply to ''K''-systems, and so the entropy is not sufficient to classify such systems – there exist uncountably many non-isomorphic ''K''-systems with the same entropy. In essence, the collection of ''K''-systems is lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Computational Physics
The ''Journal of Computational Physics'' is a bimonthly scientific journal covering computational physics that was established in 1966 and is published by Elsevier. As of 2015, its editor-in-chief is Rémi Abgrall (University of Zurich). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', ''Journal of Computational Physics'' has a 2021 impact factor of 4.645, ranking it third out of 56 in the category ''Physics, Mathematical''. See also *List of fluid mechanics journals This is a list of scientific journals related to the field of fluid mechanics. {{columns-list, colwidth=30em, *''AIAA Journal'' *''Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics'' *''Experiments in Fluids'' *'' Fluid Dynamics Research'' *''Flow, Turbulence and ... References External links * English-language journals Physics journals Elsevier academic journals Publications established in 1966 Biweekly journals {{physics-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C (programming Language)
C (''pronounced like the letter c'') is a General-purpose language, general-purpose computer programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie, and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems, device drivers, protocol stacks, though decreasingly for application software. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and embedded systems. A successor to the programming language B (programming language), B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of the measuring programming language popularity, most widely used programming languages, with C compilers avail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer Physics Communications
''Computer Physics Communications'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier under the North-Holland imprint. The journal focuses on computational methodology, numerical analysis and hardware and software development in support of physics and physical chemistry. Associated with the journal is the Computer Physics Communications Program Library. This resource houses computer programs which have been described in the journal. Access to the library is bundled with journal subscriptions, although those unaffiliated with a subscribing institution can purchase individual subscriptions. The current (2008) principal co-ordinating editor is N. Stanley Scott of Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, who also acts as director of the Program Library. The journal's 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaos, Solitons And Fractals
Elsevier () is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as ''The Lancet'', ''Cell'', the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, '' Trends'', the '' Current Opinion'' series, the online citation database Scopus, the SciVal tool for measuring research performance, the ClinicalKey search engine for clinicians, and the ClinicalPath evidence-based cancer care service. Elsevier's products and services also include digital tools for data management, instruction, research analytics and assessment. Elsevier is part of the RELX Group (known until 2015 as Reed Elsevier), a publicly traded company. According to RELX reports, in 2021 Elsevier published more than 600,000 articles annually in over 2,700 journals; as of 2018 its archives contained over 17 million documents and 40,000 e-books, with over one billion annual downloads. Researchers have criticized Elsevier for its high profit marg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PowerPC
PowerPC (with the backronym Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple Inc., Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM alliance, AIM. PowerPC, as an evolving instruction set, has been named Power ISA since 2006, while the old name lives on as a trademark for some implementations of Power Architecture–based processors. PowerPC was the cornerstone of AIM's PReP and Common Hardware Reference Platform (CHRP) initiatives in the 1990s. Originally intended for personal computers, the architecture is well known for being used by Apple's Power Macintosh, PowerBook, iMac, iBook, eMac, Mac Mini, and Xserve lines from 1994 until 2005, when Mac transition to Intel processors, Apple migrated to Intel's x86. It has since become a niche in personal computers, but remains popular for embedded system, embedded and high-performanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARM Architecture
ARM (stylised in lowercase as arm, formerly an acronym for Advanced RISC Machines and originally Acorn RISC Machine) is a family of reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architectures for computer processors, configured for various environments. Arm Ltd. develops the architectures and licenses them to other companies, who design their own products that implement one or more of those architectures, including system on a chip (SoC) and system on module (SOM) designs, that incorporate different components such as memory, interfaces, and radios. It also designs cores that implement these instruction set architectures and licenses these designs to many companies that incorporate those core designs into their own products. There have been several generations of the ARM design. The original ARM1 used a 32-bit internal structure but had a 26-bit address space that limited it to 64 MB of main memory. This limitation was removed in the ARMv3 series, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C++ Programs
C, or c, is the third letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''cee'' (pronounced ), plural ''cees''. History "C" comes from the same letter as "G". The Semites named it gimel. The sign is possibly adapted from an Egyptian hieroglyph for a staff sling, which may have been the meaning of the name ''gimel''. Another possibility is that it depicted a camel, the Semitic name for which was ''gamal''. Barry B. Powell, a specialist in the history of writing, states "It is hard to imagine how gimel = "camel" can be derived from the picture of a camel (it may show his hump, or his head and neck!)". In the Etruscan language, plosive consonants had no contrastive voicing, so the Greek ' Γ' (Gamma) was adopted into the Etruscan alphabet to represent . Already in the Western Greek alphabet, Gamma first took a '' form in Early Etruscan, then '' in Classical Etru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CLHEP
CLHEP (short for ''A Class Library for High Energy Physics'') is a C++ library that provides utility classes for general numerical programming, vector arithmetic, geometry, pseudorandom number generation, and linear algebra, specifically targeted for high energy physics simulation and analysis software. The project is hosted by CERN and currently managed by a collaboration of researchers from CERN and other physics research laboratories and academic institutions. According to the project's website, CLHEP is in maintenance mode (accepting bug fixes but no further development is expected). CLHEP was proposed by Swedish physicist Leif Lönnblad in 1992 at a Conference on Computing in High-Energy Physics. Lönnblad is still involved in maintaining CLHEP. The project has more recently accepted contributions from other projects built on top of CLHEP, including the physics packages Geant4 and ZOOM, and the BaBar experiment at SLAC. See also *Geant4, a software Software is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
