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M8 Motorway (Sydney)
The M8 Motorway is a motorway in Sydney, Australia. The first and only stage of the M8 open to traffic is the WestConnex M8, previously known as the New M5 during planning and construction. The WestConnex M8 is a tolled motorway that links the M5 Motorway at to St Peters Interchange. It consists predominantly of tunnels, and includes tunnel connections to the future M4–M5 Link (the second stage of M8) and the future M6 Motorway. Planned and constructed as part of the WestConnex project, WestConnex tolls are applied to the motorway. It is one of the longest road tunnels in Australia along with the NorthConnex. Construction of the M8 motorway began in July 2016 and the WestConnex M8 stage opened on 5 July 2020 at an estimated project cost of 4.335 billion. The M8 motorway is being extended to which will be completed in 2023. Future stages of the M8 will also open after 2026 to connect with the A8 in the Northern Beaches, via the Western Harbour Tunnel & Beaches Link. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motorway
A controlled-access highway is a type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated. Common English terms are freeway, motorway and expressway. Other similar terms include '' throughway'' and '' parkway''. Some of these may be limited-access highways, although this term can also refer to a class of highways with somewhat less isolation from other traffic. In countries following the Vienna convention, the motorway qualification implies that walking and parking are forbidden. A fully controlled-access highway provides an unhindered flow of traffic, with no traffic signals, intersections or property access. They are free of any at-grade crossings with other roads, railways, or pedestrian paths, which are instead carried by overpasses and underpasses. Entrances and exits to the highway are provided at interchanges by slip roads (ramps), which allow for speed changes between the highway and arteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Suburbs (Sydney)
The Eastern Suburbs is the metropolitan region directly to the east and south-east of the central business district in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Location The Eastern Suburbs (region of Sydney, New South Wales) refers to the residential, commercial and industrial areas that are situated to the east and south-east of the Sydney central business district, around the southern shore of Sydney Harbour to the Pacific Ocean beaches and continuing on to the port and airport at Botany Bay. The region includes most of the City of Sydney and its suburbs as well as suburbs within local government areas of the Municipality of Woollahra, Waverley Council, City of Randwick and parts of Bayside Council. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) however, limits its definition of the “Eastern Suburbs Statistical Subdivision" to comprising just the Woollahra, Waverley and Randwick local government areas. As at the , this ABS region had an estimated population of , up from 249,546 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environment Protection And Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
The ''Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999'' (Cth) is an Act of the Parliament of Australia that provides a framework for protection of the Australian environment, including its biodiversity and its natural and culturally significant places. Enacted on 17 July 2000, it established a range of processes to help protect and promote the recovery of threatened species and ecological communities, and preserve significant places from decline. The Act is administered by the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Lists of threatened species are drawn up under the Act, and these lists, the primary reference to threatened species in Australia, are available online through the Species Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT). As an Act of the Australian Parliament, it relies for its constitutional validity upon the legislative powers of the Parliament granted by the Australian Constitution, and key provisions of the Act are largely based on a number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green And Golden Bell Frog
The green and golden bell frog (''Ranoidea aurea''), also named the green bell frog, green and golden swamp frog and green frog, is a species of ground-dwelling tree frog native to eastern Australia. Despite its classification and climbing abilities, it does not live in trees and spends almost all of its time close to ground level. It can reach up to in length, making it one of Australia's largest frogs. Coloured gold and green, the frogs are voracious eaters of insects, but will also eat larger prey, such as worms and mice. They are mainly diurnal, although this is mostly to warm in the sun. They tend to be less active in winter except in warmer or wetter periods, and breed in the warmer months. Males reach maturity after around 9 months, while for the larger females, this does not occur until they are two years old. The frogs can engage in cannibalism, and males frequently attack and injure one another if they infringe on one another's space. Many populations, particularly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooks River/Castlereagh Ironbark Ecological Community
The Cooks River/Castlereagh Ironbark Forest (CRCIF) is a scattered, dry sclerophyll, open-forest to low woodland and scrubland which occurs predominantly in the Cumberland subregion of the Sydney basin bioregion, between and , as well as around the headwaters of the Cooks River. The Cooks River Clay Plain Scrub Forest is a component of this ecological community, though both belong to a larger occurring community called the Temperate Eucalyptus fibrosa/Melaleuca decora woodland. On 10 May 2002 the NSW Government gazetted the forest as a critically Endangered Ecological Community under the '' Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995'';and on 17 March 2015 the forest was listed as Critically Endangered by the Australian Government under the ''Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999''. The community occurs in fragmented patches within the Cumberland Plain Woodland, where it generally grades into it. Ecology Around in size, the ecological community con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:Toll Roads In Australia
Australian toll roads are found in the eastern states of New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. Most of the toll roads are within the urban limits of Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, with the exception of Toowoomba Bypass in Toowoomba, Queensland. Most of the toll roads are partially owned or operated by Transurban. All toll roads in Australia are tolled electronically (cashless) using free-flow tolling. All toll collection points are toll gantries, with the last cash toll booths in the country closed in July 2013 on the M5 South West Motorway. Tolls are collected from an e-TAG transponder attached to the vehicle's windscreen. The first e-TAG was developed in the 1990s by Transurban who owns and operates the CityLink in Melbourne in preparation for what would be one of the world's first 'fully electronic' tollways. There are different e-TAG retailers across the country, such as Transurban's Linkt or Transport for NSW's e-Toll. According to Professor Mark Hickman, the chair ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagfall
Flagfall, or flag fall, is a common Australian expression for a fixed start fee, especially in the taxi, haulage, railway, and toll road industries. For example, Sydney's WestConnex motorways charge such a fee. From the Australian mobile phone industry, the expression has recently begun to spread to other English-language countries as business jargon for an initial fixed fee for establishing each phone call. The logic behind is believed to be a method used by Australian mobile phone companies to recover a component of the carriage charges that they incur in completing a call to a subscriber. Called termination rates, they are based on the price terms and conditions for the mobile terminating access service (MTAS). The Australian Competition & Consumer Commission is reviewing such arrangements. The expression is also beginning to find its way into other businesses as a synonym to "start fee". The taxi expression is also being used in Hong Kong, New Zealand, and some other countries, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooks River
The Cooks River, a semi-mature tide-dominated drowned valley estuary, is a tributary of Botany Bay, located in south-eastern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The course of the long urban waterway has been altered to accommodate various developments along its shore. It serves as part of a stormwater system for the of its watershed, and many of the original streams running into it have been turned into concrete lined channels. The tidal sections support significant areas of mangroves, bird, and fish life, and are used for recreational activities. Course The river begins at Graf Park, Yagoona, then flows in a roughly north-easterly direction to Chullora. It reaches its northernmost point at Strathfield, where it leads into a concrete open canal, no more than one metre wide and thirty centimetres deep. It then heads towards the south-east. Where Cooks River runs through Strathfield Golf Course, the concrete lining has been partly removed. Here the plants have returned and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Google Maps
Google Maps is a web mapping platform and consumer application offered by Google. It offers satellite imagery, aerial photography, street maps, 360° interactive panoramic views of streets ( Street View), real-time traffic conditions, and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bike, air (in beta) and public transportation. , Google Maps was being used by over 1 billion people every month around the world. Google Maps began as a C++ desktop program developed by brothers Lars and Jens Rasmussen at Where 2 Technologies. In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google, which converted it into a web application. After additional acquisitions of a geospatial data visualization company and a real-time traffic analyzer, Google Maps was launched in February 2005. The service's front end utilizes JavaScript, XML, and Ajax. Google Maps offers an API that allows maps to be embedded on third-party websites, and offers a locator for businesses and other organizations in numero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rozelle Interchange
The Rozelle Interchange is an under-construction underground motorway interchange in Sydney, Australia. It is being built as part of WestConnex and is expected to open in late 2023. The interchange also includes a toll-free bypass of the Victoria Road between the Iron Cove Bridge and the Anzac Bridge known as the Iron Cove Link. The interchange is located at the site of the former Rozelle Rail Yards. It is one of the most complex underground junctions in the world and consists of three storeys of tunnels, with the deepest being below ground. The interchange will also be the southern terminus of the proposed Western Harbour Tunnel. Stub tunnels for the new tunnel have been built during the construction of the interchange. On the surface above the underground interchange is an under-construction parkland known as Rozelle Parklands. Design The interchange consists of two parallel sets of main tunnels originating from the M4 (west-facing only) and the M8 (east-facing only) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wollongong
Wollongong ( ), colloquially referred to as The Gong, is a city located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The name is believed to originate from the Dharawal language, meaning either 'five islands/clouds', 'ground near water' or 'sound of the sea'. Wollongong lies on the narrow coastal strip between the Illawarra Escarpment and the Pacific Ocean, 85 kilometres (53 miles) south of central Sydney. Wollongong had an estimated urban population of 302,739 at June 2018, making it the third-largest city in New South Wales after Sydney and Newcastle and the tenth-largest city in Australia by population. The city's current Lord Mayor is Gordon Bradbery AM who was elected in 2021. The Wollongong area extends from Helensburgh in the north to Windang and Yallah in the south. Geologically, the city is located in the south-eastern part of the Sydney basin, which extends from Newcastle to Nowra. Wollongong is noted for its heavy industry, its port activity and the qual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
