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Mylodontinae
Mylodontinae is an extinct subfamily of ground sloths that lived from the Early Miocene to the Early Holocene epochs. Classification The classification of the Mylodontidae is complex and often under discussion. The most widely accepted subfamilies are the Mylodontinae with ''Mylodon'' as the type genus and the Lestodontinae, whose type genus is ''Lestodon'', which sometimes also includes ''Paramylodon'' and ''Glossotherium ''Glossotherium'' is an extinct genus of mylodontid ground sloths of the subfamily Mylodontinae, which includes large ground-dwelling sloths. It represents one of the best known members of the family, along with ''Mylodon'' and ''Paramylodon''. ...'' (sometimes also listed as belonging to the tribes Mylodontini and Lestodontini. The subdivision of the terminal group of mylodonts into the Lestodontinae and Mylodontinae found confirmation in one of the most comprehensive studies of the phylogeny of sloths based on cranial features in 2004, which subsequently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramylodon
''Paramylodon'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth of the family Mylodontidae endemic to North America during the Pliocene through Pleistocene epochs, living from around ~4.9 Mya–11,000 years ago. It is also known as Harlan's ground sloth. Due to the partly very good fossil preservation, the body armor typical for the mylodonts has mostly been preserved in the form of osteoderms. In addition, a sex-specific difference in cranial structure can be demonstrated. According to the finds, the representatives of ''Paramylodon'' lived in open landscapes, sometimes also in mountainous locations, and most likely fed on grass-eating or mixed plant diets. Unique trace fossils also provide information about the locomotion of the animals, which was quadrupedal. In addition, due to the design of the forelimbs, a certain burrowing way of life cannot be disputed. Within the genus only two species are recognized: ''Paramylodon harlani'' and ''Paramylodon garbanii''. The first fossil findings d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mylodon
''Mylodon'' is a genus of extinct ground sloth belonging to the family Mylodontidae, known from the region of Patagonia in Chile and Argentina in southern South America. With a total length of 3 to 4 m, it is one of the best-known and largest representatives of the group. The oldest finds probably date to the Lower Pleistocene; however, most of the fossil remains date from the Upper Pleistocene period. One of the most important sites of this phase is the Cueva del Milodón in southern Chile. Shortly after, about 10,200 BP, ''Mylodon'' became extinct. At this point in time, it coexisted with the first human colonists in America. However, there is little evidence that it was hunted by humans. In ''Mylodons case, not only bones and teeth are known, but also various soft tissue and integumentary structures are preserved. The diet of ''Mylodon'' is known in great detail due to fossilized faeces. Its skull is greatly elongated and, compared to other large mylodontids, is narrower, posse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossotherium
''Glossotherium'' is an extinct genus of mylodontid ground sloths of the subfamily Mylodontinae, which includes large ground-dwelling sloths. It represents one of the best known members of the family, along with ''Mylodon'' and ''Paramylodon''. Reconstructed animals were between long and possibly weighed up to 1700 kg. The majority of finds of ''Glossotherium'' date from the Middle and Upper Pleistocene, around 300,000 to 10,000 years ago, with a few dating older, possibly as far back as the Pliocene, about 3 million years ago. The range included large parts of South America, east of the Andes roughly from latitude 20 to 40 degrees south, leaving out the Amazon Basin in the north. In western South America, finds are also documented north of the equator. The animals largely inhabited the open landscapes of the Pampas and northern savanna regions. Like other mylodonts, ''Glossotherium'' was adapted to a more or less grassy diet, as indicated by the broad snout and the desig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lestobradys
''Lestobradys'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth (family Mylodontidae), which existed in Uruguay during the Late Miocene period; Huayquerian in the South American land mammal age (SALMA). The type species is ''L. sprechmanni'', found in the Camacho Formation of Uruguay.''Lestobradys'' at .org Etymology The genus name, ''Lestobradys'', is derived from ''lesto'', meaning "robber", which refers to the genus' morphological similarities to the Plio-Pleistocene '','' while "''bradys''" means "slow" due to its common use in ground ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivartherium
''Bolivartherium'' is an extinct genus of mylodontine mylodontid sloth that lived during the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene in what is now Venezuela. Fossils have been found in the Codore and Urumaco Formations of Venezuela. Etymology The generic name, ''Bolivartherium'', is named in honour of Libertador Simón Bolívar, a Venezuelan military and political leader. The specific name is derived from the Urumaco Formation in which it was found in. A second species, ''B. codorensis'', was named in 2006 after the Codore Formation in which it was found in. Description ''Bolivartherium'' is a medium-sized mylodontine that was smaller than the quaternary species of ''Lestodon''. It can be distinguished from the latter in having a lower rostrum and the upper caniform which is more curved than in ''Lestodon'', much like ''Lestodon'' sp. from the Monte Hermoso Formation (Montehermosan) of Argentina. The diastema in front of the molariforms is elevated with respect to the occlusal pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South American Land Mammal Age
The South American land mammal ages (SALMA) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Mya (unit), Ma during the Paleocene and continuing through to the Late Pleistocene (0.011 Ma). These periods are referred to as ages, stages, or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained.Flynn & Swisher, 1995 The basic unit of measure is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap. Background South America was an island continent for much of the Cenozoic, or the "Age of Mammals". As a result, its mammals evolved in their own unique directions, as Australia and Madagascar still have today. Paleogeographic timeline A simplified paleogeography, paleogeographic timeline of South ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeomylodon
''Archaeomylodon'' is an extinct genus of mylodontine ground sloths that lived during the Middle Pleistocene of what is now Argentina. It is known so far only from a single skull, which in its dimensions corresponds to those of the giant ''Lestodon''. However, the skull differs from this one by its narrower and higher snout. In addition, the anterior canine teeth, which are usually large in many mylodonts, are greatly reduced. The find comes from the Pampa region of South America and was deposited in about 700,000 years old sediments. Discovery and naming The only known find of ''Archaeomylodon'' so far, was discovered in Cantera Iglesias near Partido San Pedro in the north of the Argentine province of Buenos Aires. The site is located south of the Río Paraná in the Pampa region of South America. The skull was deposited there in calcareous deposits in the upper section of the Ensenada Formation. According to radiometric measurements, these could be determined to be about 700 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brievabradys
''Brievabradys'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth belonging to the family Mylodontidae that lived in Colombia during the Middle Miocene. This genus was discovered in the Honda Group of Colombia, in the strata of the Tatacoa Desert in the Huila Department with an approximate age of 13 to 11 million years ago, dating to the Middle Miocene. Villarroel, CarlosA new Mylodontinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) in the Miocene sale fauna of Colombia : the current status of the family Orophodontidaeurl=http://www.accefyn.org.co/revista/Vol_24/90/117-127.pdf , date=20131029192656. ''Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales'' (Bogotá) Vol. 24, No. 090, Mar. 2000 p. 117-127. ''Brievabradys'' was described based on a fossilized skull and additional cranial remains found in that area. Description This genus of sloth is characterized by its small size, which is similar to that of the extant two-toed sloth '' Choloepus'' ), a skull expanded backwards, a short a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magdalenabradys
''Magdalenabradys'' is an extinct genus of mylodontid ground sloths that lived during the Middle Miocene and Early Pliocene of what is now Colombia and Venezuela. Fossils have been found in the Villavieja Formation of the Honda Group in Colombia, and the Codore and Urumaco Formations of Venezuela. Discovery The first remains of ''Magdalenabradys'' were found in the Villavieja Formation of the Honda Group in the strata of the Tatacoa Desert of the Huila Department. The holotype of ''M. confusum'' was found about 9 km east of Villavieja and 2.5 km northeast of Hacienda Argentina, Huila. The holotype consisted of a crushed and distorted skull. The femur is based on eight specimens from six localities, including one femur from a partial skeleton that included a skull and mandible (specimens UCMP 3800, 37999). The cranium and partial mandible of both species were originally assigned to '' Bolivartherium urumaquensis''. Etymology The generic name, ''Magdalenabradys'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreomylodon
''Oreomylodon'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth in the family Mylodontidae, endemic to Ecuador during the Pleistocene. The only species, ''O. wegneri'', was long considered to be either a species or subgenus of ''Glossotherium'' (as ''G. wegneri'') or a junior synonym of ''Glossotherium robustum'', but studies of its cranial anatomy published in 2019 have supported ''Oreomylodon'' as a valid genus, and suggested it is more closely related to ''Paramylodon''. However, a subsequent analysis published in 2020 again sunk ''Oreomylodon wegneri'' into ''Glossotherium,'' as a distinct species. It shows adaptations to living in a high-altitude habitat, and its fossils have frequently been unearthed in the Interandean Valles The term Interandean valles refers to those valleys located in the Andes mountains. The interandean valles comprise most of the mid-elevation areas of the " sierra" of Peru, "los valles" of Bolivia and the " Cuyo region" of Argentina. In Colomb ... of Ecuador, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as '' Londinium'' and retains its medieval boundaries.See also: Independent city § National capitals The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London, governed by the Greater London Authority.The Greater London Authority consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The London Mayor is distinguished fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colloncuran
The Colloncuran ( es, Colloncurense) age is a period of geologic time (15.5–13.8 Ma) within the Middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Friasian and precedes the Laventan age. Etymology The age is named after the Collón Curá Formation in the Cañadón Asfalto and Neuquén Basins of northern Patagonia, Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th .... Formations Fossils References Bibliography ;Collón Curá Formation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ;Castilletes Formation * * * * * * * * ;Cura-Mallín Group * * * ;Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation * ;Nazareno Formation * * * * ;Pebas Formation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
