Musik Im Bauch
' (Music in the Belly) is a piece of scenic music for six percussionists and music boxes composed by Karlheinz Stockhausen in 1975, and is Number 41 in his catalog of works. The world premiere was presented on 28 March 1975 as part of the Royan Festival. The performance was given by Les Percussions de Strasbourg in the haras (horse stable) in the town of Saintes, near to Royan. Its duration is roughly 38 minutes. History Stockhausen dreamed ''Musik im Bauch'' in 1974, seven years after coining the phrase during a memorable evening with his daughter Julika, when she was two years old. All of a sudden, she had all sorts of noises in her insides, and he joked with her, "You have music in your belly!" The phrase prompted the toddler to erupt in laughter, throwing her arms in the air and endlessly repeating "Music in the belly!" Her laughing fit lasted so long that Stockhausen became concerned about her. She only gradually stopped laughing after he put her in bed, where she kept re ...
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Tubular Bells
Tubular bells (also known as chimes) are musical instruments in the percussion family. Their sound resembles that of church bells, carillon, or a bell tower; the original tubular bells were made to duplicate the sound of church bells within an ensemble.James Blades and James Holland. "Tubular bells". Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed August 18, 2015Oxfordmusiconline.com/ref> Each bell is a metal tube, in diameter, tuned by altering its length. Its standard range is C4–F5, though many professional instruments reach G5. Tubular bells are often replaced by studio chimes, which are a smaller and usually less expensive instrument. Studio chimes are similar in appearance to tubular bells, but each bell has a smaller diameter than the corresponding bell on tubular bells. Tubular bells are sometimes struck on the top edge of the tube with a rawhide- or plastic-headed hammer. Often, a sustain pedal will be attached to allow extended ringing ...
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Richard Toop
Richard Toop (1945 – 19 June 2017) was a British-Australian musicologist. Toop was born in Chichester, England, in 1945. He studied at Hull University, where his teachers included Denis Arnold. In 1973 he became Karlheinz Stockhausen's teaching assistant at the Staatliche Hochschule fur Musik in Cologne. In 1975 he moved to Sydney, Australia, where he was head of musicology at the Sydney Conservatorium (University of Sydney). His publications include a monograph on György Ligeti, and the ''New Grove'' entries on Stockhausen and Brian Ferneyhough. Additionally, as a new music pianist, he gave the first documented solo performance of ''Vexations'' by Erik Satie. Toop died on 19 June 2017 at the age of 71."Richard Toop (1945–2017)"

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Dietrich Kämper
Dietrich Kämper (born 1936) is a German musicologist. Life Born in Melle, Germany, Melle, Niedersachsen, Kämper studied at the University of Cologne and University of Zurich with research stays in Bologna, Florence and Rome. He received his doctorate in 1963 with a dissertation ''Franz Wüllner – Leben, Wirken und kompositorisches Schaffen'' at the University of Cologne, where he Habilitation, habilitated in musicology in 1967. Since 1986 he was the holder of the newly established chair for musicology at the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln. In 1995 he was finally appointed to the University of Cologne. His main areas of research were Renaissance music, music of the 20th century and music history of the Rhineland. Musicological author * ''Franz Wüllner'', Arno Volk, Arno-Volk-Verlag, Cologne 1963 * ''Studien zur instrumentalen Ensemblemusik des 16. Jahrhunderts in Italien'', Böhlau Verlag, Vienna / Cologne 1970 * ''Gefangenschaft und Freiheit – Leben und Werk des Ko ...
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Johannes Fritsch
Johannes Georg Fritsch (27 July 1941 – 29 April 2010) was a German composer. At the age of seven, Fritsch found a violin in the attic of his uncle's house in Bensheim-Auerbach, Germany, and began lessons with a village music teacher named Knapp. When he was ten, his family moved to Cologne, and he began studying with the principal violist in the Gürzenich Orchestra. He studied music, sociology, and philosophy from 1961 to 1965 at the University and the Staatliche Musikhochschule in Cologne with, amongst others, Bernd Alois Zimmermann and Gottfried Michael Koenig. In the following years he applied himself to the most varied musical activities. Amongst other things he played viola in the Stockhausen-Ensemble from 1964 to 1970, and took part in the German exhibition at Expo '70, the World's Fair in Osaka in 1970. Although he had begun to compose at the age of 17, Fritsch regards as his first real composition the ''Duett für Bratsche'' (Duet for Viola), for viola and tape, wh ...
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Crotales
Crotales (, ), sometimes called antique cymbals, are percussion instruments consisting of small, tuned bronze or brass disks. Each is about in diameter with a flat top surface and a nipple on the base. They are commonly played by being struck with hard mallets. However, they may also be played by striking two disks together in the same manner as finger cymbals, or by bowing. Their sound is rather like a small tuned bell, only with a much brighter sound and a much longer resonance. Similar to tuned finger cymbals, crotales are thicker and larger; they also have slight grooves in them. The name comes from the Greek ''crotalon'', for a castanet or rattle. Modern crotales are arranged chromatically and have a range of up to two octaves. They are typically available in sets (commonly one octave) but may also be purchased individually. Crotales are treated as transposing instruments; music for crotales is written two octaves lower than the sounding pitch to minimize ledger lines. ...
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Bockum
Bockum is a northeastern district of Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With its large parks, its advantageous location and high housing comfort, it is one of the most favoured residential areas in the city. The center of Bockum is marked by the neogothic church of St. Gertrudis. In addition, the zoo, the Stadtwald, the Grotenburg Stadion and a large swimming facility offer diverse recreational opportunities. The living costs lie in the upper third, with mostly single occupancy housing; the population is considered mostly conservative. Places to visit * Haus Sollbrüggen * Krefeld Zoo Krefeld Zoo is a zoo in the city of Krefeld, Germany, specialized in management of primates, carnivores, fauna from the African savanna and tropical birds. History Foundation time The zoo was opened on 22 May 1938, as a youth education pla ... References External links Information on the official homepage of KrefeldAerial photography of Bockum on www.krefeld.deMap of the district ...
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Musik Im Bauch 4
Musik may refer to: Music *''Die Musik'' (1901–1943), a German music magazine *Musik (album), the second studio album by Richie Hawtin *Musik (musical), the musical written by Jonathan Harvey and Pet Shop Boys *Musik (song), the Austrian entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 *The Musik, a 24-hour-a-day Urdu-language music channel from Pakistan Other uses *Musik, Iran, a village in Kurdistan Province, Iran * See also *Music Music is generally defined as the art of arranging sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm or otherwise expressive content. Exact definitions of music vary considerably around the world, though it is an aspect ...

Musik Im Bauch 3
Musik may refer to: Music *''Die Musik'' (1901–1943), a German music magazine *Musik (album), the second studio album by Richie Hawtin *Musik (musical), the musical written by Jonathan Harvey and Pet Shop Boys *Musik (song), the Austrian entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 *The Musik, a 24-hour-a-day Urdu-language music channel from Pakistan Other uses *Musik, Iran, a village in Kurdistan Province, Iran * See also *Music Music is generally defined as the art of arranging sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm or otherwise expressive content. Exact definitions of music vary considerably around the world, though it is an aspect ...

Switch (corporal Punishment)
A switch is a flexible rod which is typically used for corporal punishment. Switching is similar to birching. Punitive switching Switches are typically made of strong and flexible wood such as hazel, birch, or hickory. Willow branches are also used, as well as branches from strong trees and large shrubs. Switches are often from a garden or an orchard nearby, or taken from the wild. In the Southeastern United States, fresh-cut, flexible cane (''Arundinaria'') is commonly used. The usage of switches has been hotly contested in North America and Europe. Making a switch involves cutting it from the stem and removing twigs or directly attached leaves. For optimal flexibility, it is cut fresh shortly before use, rather than keeping it for re-use over time. Some parents decide to make the cutting of a switch an additional form of punishment for a child, by requiring the disobedient child to cut his/her own switch. *The tamarind switch (in Creole English ''tambran switch'') is a judi ...
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Musik Im Bauch 2
Musik may refer to: Music *''Die Musik'' (1901–1943), a German music magazine *Musik (album), the second studio album by Richie Hawtin *Musik (musical), the musical written by Jonathan Harvey and Pet Shop Boys *Musik (song), the Austrian entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 *The Musik, a 24-hour-a-day Urdu-language music channel from Pakistan Other uses *Musik, Iran, a village in Kurdistan Province, Iran * See also *Music Music is generally defined as the art of arranging sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm or otherwise expressive content. Exact definitions of music vary considerably around the world, though it is an aspect ...

Automaton
An automaton (; plural: automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine, or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations, or respond to predetermined instructions.Automaton – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/automaton Some automata, such as Jacquemart (bellstriker), bellstrikers in mechanical clocks, are designed to give the illusion to the casual observer that they are operating under their own power. Since long ago, the term is commonly associated with automated puppets that resemble moving humans or animals, built to impress and/or to entertain people. Animatronics are a modern type of automata with electronics, often used for the portrayal of characters in films and in theme park attractions. Etymology The word "automaton" is the latinization of the Ancient Greek , , (neuter) "acting of one's own will". This word was first used by Homer to describe an auto ...
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