Muscidifurax

	Muscidifurax ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * '' Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * '' Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * '' Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Smeagolia ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * '' Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * '' Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * '' Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Adanacus ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * '' Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * '' Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * '' Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Neoraptorellus ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * ''Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * '' Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * '' Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Raptor ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * ''Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * ''Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * '' Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Raptorellus ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * ''Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * ''Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * ''Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Similadanacus ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * ''Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * ''Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * ''Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 ''Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and is a natural enemy of the housefly ''Musca domestica'' and the stable fly '' Stomoxys calcitrans''. Wolbachia symbiosis ''Wolbachia'' is a cytoplasmically inherited intracellular bacterium. It can generally be found in the reproductive organs of its host species, and can be transferred from female to offspring through the egg cytoplasm. This species causes many reproductive and sex ratio disorders in a range of insect species. However, it seems to be beneficial when present in the host species, ''M. uniraptor'', increasing the host's fecundity or the ability to induce reproduction of fertile, viable offspring specifically under uniparental reproduction. The actual process of gamete duplication differs among the insects that have been in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pteromalidae The Pteromalidae are a very large family of mostly parasitoid wasps, with some 3,450 described species in about 640 genera (the number was greater, but many species and genera have been reduced by synonymy in recent years). The subfamily-level divisions of the family are highly contentious and unstable, and the family is thought to be "artificial", composed of numerous, distantly related groups (polyphyletic). Accordingly, details of their life histories range over nearly the entire range possible within the Chalcidoidea, though the majority are (as with most chalcidoids) parasitoids of other insects. They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and many are important as biological control agents. The oldest known fossil is known from the Early Cretaceous. In essence, a "pteromalid" is any member of the Chalcidoidea that has five-segmented tarsi and does not have the defining features of any of the remaining families with five-segmented tarsi. It is highly prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Parasitoid Wasps Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran superfamilies, with all but the wood wasps (Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita. As parasitoids, they lay their eggs on or in the bodies of other arthropods, sooner or later causing the death of these hosts. Different species specialise in hosts from different insect orders, most often Lepidoptera, though some select beetles, flies, or bugs; the spider wasps (Pompilidae) exclusively attack spiders. Parasitoid wasp species differ in which host life-stage they attack: eggs, larvae, pupae, or adults. They mainly follow one of two major strategies within parasitism: either they are endoparasitic, developing inside the host, and koinobiont, allowing the host to continue to feed, develop, and moult; or they are ectoparasitic, developing outside the host, and idiobiont, paralysing the host immediately. Some endoparasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea have a mutualistic relationship with polydnaviruses, the vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cosmopolitan Distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The extreme opposite of a cosmopolitan species is an endemic one, being found only in a single geographical location. Qualification The caveat “in appropriate habitat” is used to qualify the term "cosmopolitan distribution", excluding in most instances polar regions, extreme altitudes, oceans, deserts, or small, isolated islands. For example, the housefly is highly cosmopolitan, yet is neither oceanic nor polar in its distribution. Related terms and concepts The term pandemism also is in use, but not all authors are consistent in the sense in which they use the term; some speak of pandemism mainly in referring to diseases and pandemics, and some as a term intermediate between endemism and cosmopolitanism, in effect regarding pandemism as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

	Muscidifurax ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * '' Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * '' Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * '' Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Smeagolia ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * '' Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * '' Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * '' Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Adanacus ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * '' Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * '' Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * '' Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Neoraptorellus ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * ''Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * '' Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * '' Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Raptor ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * ''Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * ''Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * '' Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Raptorellus ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * ''Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * ''Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * ''Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 '' Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Similadanacus ''Muscidifurax'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * ''Muscidifurax adanacus'' Doganlar, 2007 * ''Muscidifurax neoraptorellus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 * ''Muscidifurax raptor'' Girault & Sanders, 1910 ''Muscidifurax raptorellus'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 '' Muscidifurax similadanacus'' Xiao & Zhou, 2018 ''Muscidifurax uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and ...'' Kogan & Legner, 1970 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13865974 Pteromalidae Hymenoptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Muscidifurax Uniraptor ''Muscidifurax uniraptor'' is a species of wasp (the taxonomic order Hymenoptera) in the family Pteromalidae. The species does not currently have a common name. ''M. uniraptor'' is a pupal parasitoid of synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera and is a natural enemy of the housefly ''Musca domestica'' and the stable fly '' Stomoxys calcitrans''. Wolbachia symbiosis ''Wolbachia'' is a cytoplasmically inherited intracellular bacterium. It can generally be found in the reproductive organs of its host species, and can be transferred from female to offspring through the egg cytoplasm. This species causes many reproductive and sex ratio disorders in a range of insect species. However, it seems to be beneficial when present in the host species, ''M. uniraptor'', increasing the host's fecundity or the ability to induce reproduction of fertile, viable offspring specifically under uniparental reproduction. The actual process of gamete duplication differs among the insects that have been in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pteromalidae The Pteromalidae are a very large family of mostly parasitoid wasps, with some 3,450 described species in about 640 genera (the number was greater, but many species and genera have been reduced by synonymy in recent years). The subfamily-level divisions of the family are highly contentious and unstable, and the family is thought to be "artificial", composed of numerous, distantly related groups (polyphyletic). Accordingly, details of their life histories range over nearly the entire range possible within the Chalcidoidea, though the majority are (as with most chalcidoids) parasitoids of other insects. They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and many are important as biological control agents. The oldest known fossil is known from the Early Cretaceous. In essence, a "pteromalid" is any member of the Chalcidoidea that has five-segmented tarsi and does not have the defining features of any of the remaining families with five-segmented tarsi. It is highly prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Parasitoid Wasps Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran superfamilies, with all but the wood wasps (Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita. As parasitoids, they lay their eggs on or in the bodies of other arthropods, sooner or later causing the death of these hosts. Different species specialise in hosts from different insect orders, most often Lepidoptera, though some select beetles, flies, or bugs; the spider wasps (Pompilidae) exclusively attack spiders. Parasitoid wasp species differ in which host life-stage they attack: eggs, larvae, pupae, or adults. They mainly follow one of two major strategies within parasitism: either they are endoparasitic, developing inside the host, and koinobiont, allowing the host to continue to feed, develop, and moult; or they are ectoparasitic, developing outside the host, and idiobiont, paralysing the host immediately. Some endoparasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea have a mutualistic relationship with polydnaviruses, the vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cosmopolitan Distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The extreme opposite of a cosmopolitan species is an endemic one, being found only in a single geographical location. Qualification The caveat “in appropriate habitat” is used to qualify the term "cosmopolitan distribution", excluding in most instances polar regions, extreme altitudes, oceans, deserts, or small, isolated islands. For example, the housefly is highly cosmopolitan, yet is neither oceanic nor polar in its distribution. Related terms and concepts The term pandemism also is in use, but not all authors are consistent in the sense in which they use the term; some speak of pandemism mainly in referring to diseases and pandemics, and some as a term intermediate between endemism and cosmopolitanism, in effect regarding pandemism as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]