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Mundus Subterraneus
''Mundus subterraneus, quo universae denique naturae divitiae'' (very roughly "The subterranean world, all its riches") is a scientific textbook written by Athanasius Kircher, and published in 1665. The work depicts Earth's geography Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and ... through textual description, as well as lavish illustrations. '' Diatribe de Progidiosis Crucibus'' ("Diatribe of Prodigious Crosses") is Kircher's most succinct and explicit statement in favour of seeking rational causes for phenomena through an understanding of natural laws, derived from observation, rather than seeking miraculous explanations. He pursued this in greater detail in ''Mundus Subterraneus'' (1665). References External links * * 1665 in science 1665 books Athanasius Kircher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study with the intention of explaining it. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions. Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats. History The history of textbooks dates back to ancient civilizations. For example, Ancient Greeks wrote educational texts. The modern textbook has its roots in the mass production made possible by the printing press. Johannes Gutenberg himself may have printed editions of ''Ars Minor'', a schoolbook on Latin grammar by Aelius Donatus. Early textbooks were used by tutors and teachers (e.g. alphabet books), as well as by individuals who taught themselves. The Greek philosopher Socrates lamented the loss of knowledge because the media of transmission were changing. Before the invention of the Greek alphabet 2,500 years ago, knowledge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Athanasius Kircher
Athanasius Kircher (2 May 1602 – 27 November 1680) was a German Jesuit scholar and polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ... who published around 40 major works, most notably in the fields of comparative religion, geology, and medicine. Kircher has been compared to fellow Jesuit Roger Joseph Boscovich and to Leonardo da Vinci for his enormous range of interests, and has been honoured with the title "Master of a Hundred Arts".Woods, p. 108. He taught for more than 40 years at the Roman College, where he set up a wunderkammer. A resurgence of interest in Kircher has occurred within the scholarly community in recent decades. Kircher claimed to have deciphered the Egyptian hieroglyphs, hieroglyphic writing of the ancient Egyptian language, but most of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geography
Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. The first recorded use of the word γεωγραφία was as a title of a book by Greek scholar Eratosthenes (276–194 BC). Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but also how they have changed and come to be. While geography is specific to Earth, many concepts can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science. One such concept, the first law of geography, proposed by Waldo Tobler, is "everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diatribe De Progidiosis Crucibus
''Diatribe de progidiosis crucibus'' is a 1661 work by the Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher. It was printed in Rome by Blasius Deversin and dedicated to Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. A second edition of the work was published in Rome in 1666 and a German translation appeared in Gaspar Schott's ''Joco-seriorum naturae et artis'' (Würzburg, 1666). ''Diatribe'' is Kircher's most succinct and explicit statement in favour of seeking rational causes for phenomena through an understanding of natural laws, derived from observation, rather than seeking miraculous explanations. This continued the theme he had taken up in ''Scrutinium Physico-Medicum'' (1658) and pursued in greater detail in ''Mundus Subterraneus'' (1665). Background On 3 July 1660 an eruption of Vesuvius began. A plume of ejected material rose up to 4 km into the air and was carried off to the southeast by the wind. As was normal for Vesuvius, the late stages of the eruption involved the ejection of white ash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1665 In Science
The year 1665 in science and technology involved some significant events. Events * Summer – Isaac Newton graduates from the University of Cambridge which is then closed as a precaution against bubonic plague so he retires to his birthplace at Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth to develop his theories on calculus, optics and the law of gravitation. Astronomy * Giovanni Cassini discovered Jupiter's red spot was a permanaent feature and used this to measure Jupiter's period of rotation as 9 hours 56 minutes. Cartography * Publication of the 'Atlas Maior' (''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum'') completed by Joan Blaeu in Amsterdam. Medicine * April 12 – First recorded victim of the 'Great Plague of London' (1665–66), the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in the British Isles. Microbiology * September – Robert Hooke's ''Micrographia'' published, first applying the term 'cell' to plant tissue, which he discovered first in cork, then in living organisms, using a microscope. Paleontolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1665 Books
Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Journal des sçavans'' begins publication of the first scientific journal in France. * February 15 – Molière's comedy '' Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'', based on the Spanish legend of the womanizer Don Juan Tenorio and Tirso de Molina's Spanish play '' El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra'', premieres in Paris at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal''. * February 21 – In India, Shivaji Bhonsale of the Maratha Empire captures the English East India Company's trading post at Sadashivgad (now located in the Indian state of Karnataka). * February – In England, Dr. Richard Lower performs the first blood transfusion between animals. According to his account to the Royal Society journal ''Philosophical Transactions'' in December, Dr. Lower "towards the end of February... selected one dog of medium size, opened its jugular vein, and drew off blood, until its strength was nearly gone. Then, to m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
