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Mukhrani
Mukhrani ( ka, მუხრანი, originally Mukhnari უხნარი i.e., "oak-grove") is a historical lowland district in eastern Georgia, currently within the borders of Mtskheta-Mtianeti region, north of the town of Mtskheta. It lies within the historical borders of Kartli, bounded by the Kura River, and its two affluents: Ksani and Aragvi. History Strategically located on major transit routes traversing ancient and medieval Georgia, easily irrigable and fertile, Mukhrani was an economically advanced area and, in some sense, a link between Kartli’s lowland and highland districts. In the 2nd-4th centuries AD, the area was home to Dzalisi, one of the most important settlements of Caucasian Iberia. Medieval Georgian annals describe Mukhrani as a forested area greatly favored by the Georgian kings as a hunting ground. We then hear of the noble family of Dzaganisdze being in possession of this district from the 8th/9th century to 1123 when the king David IV confi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Mukhrani
The House of Mukhrani is a Georgian princely family that is a branch of the former royal dynasty of Bagrationi, from which it sprang early in the 16th century, receiving in appanage the domain of Mukhrani, in the Kingdom of Kartli. The family — currently the seniormost genealogical line of the entire Bagrationi dynasty Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. " Burke’s Royal Families of the World: ''Volume II Africa & the Middle East'', 1980, pp. 58-67. — has since been known as Mukhranbatoni ( ka, მუხრანბატონი), that is, "Princes ('' batoni'') of Mukhrani". An elder branch of the house of Mukhrani, now extinct, furnished five royal sovereigns of Kartli between 1658 and 1724. Its descendants bore the Imperial Russian titles of Prince Gruzinsky (Грузи́нский, გრუზინსკი) and Princes Bagration (Багратион, ბაგრატიონი). Another branch, presiding in Mukhrani as ''tavadi'' and received among the princely nobilit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagrationi Dynasty
The Bagrationi dynasty (; ) is a royal dynasty which reigned in Georgia from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, being among the oldest extant Christian ruling dynasties in the world. In modern usage, the name of the dynasty is sometimes Hellenized and referred to as the Georgian Bagratids, also known in English as the Bagrations. The origins of the dynasty are disputed. The early Georgian Bagratids gained the Principality of Iberia through dynastic marriage after succeeding the Chosroid dynasty at the end of the 8th century. In 888 Adarnase IV of Iberia restored the Georgian monarchy; various native polities then united into the Kingdom of Georgia, which prospered from the 11th to the 13th century. This period of time, particularly the reigns of David IV the Builder (1089–1125) and of his great-granddaughter Tamar the Great (1184–1213) inaugurated the Georgian Golden Age in the history of Georgia. Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. " Burke's Royal Families of the Worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagrat I Of Mukhrani
Bagrat, Prince of Mukhrani ( ka, ბაგრატ I მუხრანბატონი, ''Bagrat I Mukhranbatoni''), (c. 1487 – c. 1540) was the third son of King Constantine II of Georgia, of the Bagrationi dynasty, and the founder of the House of Mukhrani. Biography Constantine II, king of Georgia now reduced to that of Kartli, made all of his sons, Bagrat among them, his co-kings, as is indicated by the position of the royal style after his name in the royal acts.Toumanoff, Cyril (1949–51). The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia. ''Traditio'' 7: 215. Unlike his two elder brothers, however, David X and George IX, Bagrat never came to the throne of Kartli. Bagrat received in appanage the princedom of Mukhrani and the title of High Constable of Upper Kartli in reward for his vital assistance to his brother David X against the aggression from George II, a neighboring Georgian Bagratid ruler of Kakheti, in 1512. Bagrat withheld ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ksani Fortress
The Ksani fortress ( ka, ქსნის ციხე, tr), also known as the Mtkvari fortress (მტკვრის ციხე, ''mt'k'vris tsikhe''), is a fortress in eastern Georgia, strategically perched on a mount overlooking the confluence of the Ksani river with the Mtkvari (Kura) in the historical district of Mukhrani, now part of the Mtskheta Municipality. It was built by Bagrat I, Prince of Mukhrani, in 1512 and reconstructed by his descendant in 1746. The fortress is inscribed on the list of Georgia's Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance. Location and layout The Ksani fortress tops a 600-meter-high Mount Sarkineti on the left bank of the Ksani in the vicinity of the village of Tsikhisdziri, Mtskheta Municipality, in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region. The fortress is strategically located, overlooking the confluence of the Ksani and Mtkvari. Accessible only from the southwest, it offers a view of both river valleys, and due to its commanding position, is v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George II Of Kakheti
George II ( ka, გიორგი II, ''Giorgi II'') also known as George the Bad, the Mad or the Evil (''Av-Giorgi'', ავგიორგი) (1464–1513), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 1511 to 1513. Life He was the eldest son of King Alexander I of Kakheti by his wife Queen Ana. He is reported by the Georgian chronicles to have been extremely grasping and ambitious and to have had frequent conflicts with his peace-loving father, insisting that Alexander made war upon the rival Bagrationi branch presiding over Kakheti’s western neighbor, the Kingdom of Kartli. Also, he was suspicious of his younger brother, Demetre, whom Alexander had entrusted an important diplomatic mission to the Shah of Iran, Ismail I. On April 27, 1511, George murdered Alexander, had Demetre blinded, and seized the crown. Immediately after his accession to the throne, George II organized an expedition against Kartli, and attempted to depose King David X. Davi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batoni (title)
''Batoni'' ( ka, ბატონი) is a Georgian word for "lord", or "master". It is derived from ''patroni'' (პატრონი), the earlier term of similar meaning, and appears in common usage in the 15th century. *In Georgian feudal hierarchy, "batoni" may denote the supreme suzerain (i.e., monarch), seigneur, or any secular or clerical who owned ''qma'', i.e., "slave" or " serf". The word sometimes appears as a part of the royal and nobiliary titulature. For example, the title of the Princes of Mukhrani was batoni ( Mukhran-batoni), and the early kings of Kakheti were likewise referred to by that title in some Georgian sources.Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994), ''The Making of the Georgian Nation'', pp. 42-3. Indiana University Press, *In modern usage, ''batoni'' is an honorific used for a man, an equivalent of both Mr. and sir. The equivalent female title is ''k'albatoni'' (ქალბატონი). It can be used with the full name as well as either the last or first na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Svetitskhoveli
The Svetitskhoveli Cathedral ( ka, სვეტიცხოვლის საკათედრო ტაძარი, ''svet'icxovlis sak'atedro t'adzari''; literally the Cathedral of the Living Pillar) is an Orthodox Christian cathedral located in the historic town of Mtskheta, Georgia, to the northwest of the Georgian capital Tbilisi. A masterpiece of the Early and High Middle Ages, Svetitskhoveli is recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. It is currently the second largest church building in Georgia, after the Holy Trinity Cathedral. Known as the burial site of the claimed Christ's mantle, Svetitskhoveli has long been one of the principal Georgian Orthodox churches and is among the most venerated places of worship in the region. Throughout the centuries, the cathedral served as the burial place for kings. The present cross-in-square structure was completed between 1010 and 1029 by the medieval Georgian architect Konstantine Arsukisdze, although the site itself dates b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aghaiani
Aghaiani ( ka, აღაიანი) is a village in Kaspi District, Shida Kartli, Georgia. It is located on Mukhrani plain, on the right bank of the river Ksani, at an altitude of 540 meters. It is 22 kilometers from Kaspi. According to the 2014 census, 1505 people reside in the village. The historical sources first mention the village in 1459. In 1625 near the village a battle took place between Kakhetians and Persians. In the surroundings of the village archaeologists discovered the remnants of settlements from the Bronze and Antic periods. Two km southeast of the village, on Mt. Tkhoti, stands the Aghaiani church of Saint Nino. See also * Shida Kartli References * GSE, (1977) volume 2, page 46, Tbilisi Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the Capital city, capital and the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia, lying on the .... Populated places ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dzalisi
Dzalisi ( ka, ძალისი) is a historic village in Georgia, located in the Mukhrani valley, 50 km northwest of Tbilisi, and 20 km northwest of Mtskheta. It is the ''Zalissa'' ( el, Ζάλισσα) of Ptolemy ( AD 90–168) who mentions it as one of principal towns of Iberia, an ancient Georgian kingdom (''Geographia''; § 10, 3). Archaeological digs have revealed the remains of four palaces and hypocaustic baths, acropolis, swimming pool, administrative part, barracks for soldiers, water supply system and burial grounds. One of the villas is notable for its floor mosaics, which, together with the mosaics of Pityus, are, by far, the oldest ones found in the Caucasus. The style of the mosaic dates to around AD 300. Its central part depicts Ariadne and Dionysus In ancient Greek religion and myth, Dionysus (; grc, Διόνυσος ) is the god of the grape-harvest, winemaking, orchards and fruit, vegetation, fertility, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, fes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David X Of Kartli
David X ( ka, დავით X) (1482–1526) was a king of the Georgian kingdom of Kartli from 1505 to 1525. Life David was the eldest son of Constantine II, whom he succeeded as king of Kartli in 1505. Although Constantine had recognised the independence of the breakaway Georgian kingdoms of Imereti and Kakheti, the rivalry among these polities continued under David. He had to defend his kingdom against the attacks by Alexander II of Imereti in the west, and George II of Kakheti in the east. In August 1509, Alexander took fort-city Gori and the northwestern corner of Kartli, but had to abandon the occupied lands to David due to the Ottoman raid on Imereti in 1510. A year later, George of Kakheti surged into Kartli, but failed to capture the king in a besieged castle of Ateni. In 1513, George invaded again, only to be defeated and taken prisoner by David’s younger brother Bagrat I of Mukhrani. He died in captivity and his kingdom was annexed to Kartli. In 1518, the Persian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighbouring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Qajar Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China. It also held colonies in North America between 1799 and 1867. Covering an area of approximately , it remains the third-largest empire in history, surpassed only by the British Empire and the Mongol Empire; it ruled over a population of 125.6 million people per the 1897 Russian census, which was the only census carried out during the entire imperial period. Owing to its geographic extent across three continents at its peak, it featured great ethnic, linguistic, religious, and economic diversity. From the 10th–17th centuries, the land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indiana University Press
Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences. Its headquarters are located in Bloomington, Indiana. IU Press publishes 140 new books annually, in addition to 39 academic journals, and maintains a current catalog comprising some 2,000 titles. Indiana University Press primarily publishes in the following areas: African, African American, Asian, cultural, Jewish, Holocaust, Middle Eastern studies, Russian and Eastern European, and women's and gender studies; anthropology, film studies, folklore, history, bioethics, music, paleontology, philanthropy, philosophy, and religion. IU Press undertakes extensive regional publishing under its Quarry Books imprint. History IU Press began in 1950 as part of Indiana University's post-war growth under President Herman B Wells. Bernard Perry, son of Harvard philosophy professor Ralph Barton Perry, served as the first d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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