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Mugom-Karmarong Language
Mugom-Karmarong is the Sino-Tibetan language variety of the Tibetan people of Mugu district in Nepal. This language variety represents two dialects Mugom and Karmarong, which are spoken by distinct ethnicities and are separate language in the perceptions of these groups. Based on census data taken in 2011, the total population of Mugom-Karmarong is estimated to be about 7,500 speakers. Language identity Speakers have two distinct ethnic identities Mugali and Karani, and therefore perceive that they speak two different but related languages; Mugom language and Karmarong language. These two languages are mutually intelligible and are about 85% lexically similar. Intelligibility testing between the two varieties indicated that the Mugali and Karani can understand each others speech. Language classification Mugom-Karmarong is traditionally classified as Tibeto-Burman, Western Tibeto-Burman, Bodish, Central Bodish, Central (Tibetic). It has been further identified with bot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mugali
The Mugali are a remote Tibetan Buddhist tribe in Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ... who speak the main dialect of the Mugom language. There have been attempts to create public health materials for them that take into account their culture. Sourcesshort page on health initiative with the Mugali Ethnic groups in Nepal {{Asia-ethno-group-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutual Intelligibility
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. It is sometimes used as an important criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used. Intelligibility between languages can be asymmetric, with speakers of one understanding more of the other than speakers of the other understanding the first. When it is relatively symmetric, it is characterized as "mutual". It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. Intelligibility Factors An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jirel Language
Jirel is a Southern Tibetic language of Nepal. It is spoken in Jiri, in Tshetrapa village, Jungu village, and Cheppu village of Dolakha District and Sindhupalchok and different parts of Nepal. It has long been in discussion that the Jirels are the Kirats as other Tibeto-Burmans. But further research is required to prove that they come from Kirats. Very weak literature without evidence is presented by some authors until now claiming that they are the Kirats. They have claimed that they are animists so they are Kirats. They adopted some cultural and religious practice from Sunuwars and Sherpas when they began to live and share with them. The language they use is the most powerful evidence that they come from a Tibetan ethnic tribe. Their physical appearance and family name are also supporting evidence for Tibetan origin. They mainly practice Buddhism. Lamas Lamas may refer to: * the plural form of Lama, a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism. Places *Lamas P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yolmo Language
Yolmo (Hyolmo) or Helambu Sherpa, is a Tibeto-Burman language of the Hyolmo people of Nepal (ISO 639-3: scp, GlottoCodeyolm1234. Yolmo is spoken predominantly in the Helambu and Melamchi valleys in northern Nuwakot District and northwestern Sindhupalchowk District. Dialects are also spoken by smaller populations in Lamjung District and Ilam District and also in Ramecchap District (where it is known as Syuba). It is very similar to Kyirong Tibetan and less similar to Standard Tibetan and Sherpa. There are approximately 10,000 Yolmo speakers, although some dialects have larger populations than others. Language name Yolmo is both the name of the language (glottonym), and the ethnic group of people who speak the language (ethnonym). Yolmo is also written ''Hyolmo, Yholmo'' or ''Yohlmo''. The 'h' in all of these spellings marks that the word has low tone. Sometimes the language is referred to as ''Yolmo Tam'', ''tam'' is the Yolmo word for 'language'. The language is also refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyalsumdo Language
Gyalsumdo ( deva, ग्याल्सुस्दो) is a mostly undocumented Tibetic language spoken by an estimated 200 individuals of the Manang District in the Gandaki Zone of Nepal. In January 2018 the language was added to ISO 639-3 under the code "gyo." Gyalsumdo is a tonal language; however in Gyalsumdo, unlike most other Central Tibetan languages, the word, rather than the syllable acts as the tone bearing unit. The language is reportedly closely related to the nearby Nubri Nubri ( Tibetan: ནུབ་རི; ) is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by about 2000 ethnically Tibetan people living in Nubri Valley in northern Central Nepal, upper Gorkhā District of Gandaki Province. Nubri has at least three dialects as ... and Tsum languages which share a large proportion of vocabulary. Gyalsumdo is also described as being somewhat intelligible by speakers of Nar-Phu. References Manang District, Nepal Languages of Nepal {{nepal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolpo Language
Central Tibetan, also known as Dbus, Ü or Ü-Tsang, is the most widely spoken Tibetic language and the basis of Standard Tibetan. ''Dbus'' and ''Ü'' are forms of the same name. ''Dbus'' is a transliteration of the name in Tibetan script The Tibetan script is a segmental writing system (''abugida'') of Brahmic scripts, Indic origin used to write certain Tibetic languages, including Lhasa Tibetan, Tibetan, Dzongkha, Sikkimese language, Sikkimese, Ladakhi language, Ladakhi, Jire ..., , whereas ''Ü'' is the pronunciation of the same in Lhasa dialect, (or ). That is, in Tibetan, the name is spelled ''Dbus'' and pronounced ''Ü''. All of these names are frequently applied specifically to the prestige dialect of Lhasa. Languages or dialects There are many mutually intelligible Central Tibetan languages besides that of Lhasa, with particular diversity along the border and in Nepal: : Limi (Limirong), Mugom dialect, Mugum, Dolpo (Dolkha), Mustang (kingdom), Mustang (Lowa, Lok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humla Tibetan Language
Humla Tibetan, also known as Humla Bhotiya, and Humli Tamang, is the Sino-Tibetan language of the Tibetan people of Humla district in Nepal (ISO 639-3: ut GlottoCode: uml1238. Language name Humla Tibetan speakers self-identify using general ethnic terms such as Bhote, Tibetan, Tamang, Lama, and Kham. This has led scholars to assign a variety of language names to the speech of these people (Humla Tibetan,de Vries, Klaas. (2014)A sociolinguistic survey of Humla Tibetan in Northwest Nepal Kathmandu: Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN), Central Department of Linguistics, Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Humla Bhotiya, and Humli Tamang). As Humla Tibetan speakers refer to their language either in general terms or at the level of village dialect, no truly native glottonym can be assigned to the Tibetic language spoken in this district. Language classification Humla Tibetan (Humli Tamang) is classified as: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Western Tibeto-Burman, Bodish, Central Bodish, Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibet Autonomous Region
The Tibet Autonomous Region or Xizang Autonomous Region, often shortened to Tibet or Xizang, is a Provinces of China, province-level Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China in Southwest China. It was overlayed on the traditional Tibetan regions of Ü-Tsang and Kham. It was formally established in 1965 to replace the Tibet Area (administrative division), Tibet Area, the former Administrative divisions of China, administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC) established after the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China, annexation of Tibet. The establishment was about five years after the 1959 Tibetan uprising and the dismissal of the Kashag, and about 13 years after the original annexation. The current borders of the Tibet Autonomous Region were generally established in the 18th century and include about half of historic Tibet, or the Tibet, ethno-cultural Tibet. The Tibet Autonomous Region spans ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan (), or Standard Tibetan, is the Tibetan dialect spoken by educated people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region. In the traditional "three-branched" classification of Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan. Registers Like many languages, Lhasa Tibetan has a variety of language registers: * ( Wylie: , literally "demotic language"): the vernacular speech. * ( Wylie: , "honorifics or deference, courtesy"): the forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibetic Languages
The Tibetic languages form a well-defined group of languages descended from Old Tibetan (7th to 9th centuries).Tournadre, Nicolas. 2014. "The Tibetic languages and their classification." In ''Trans-Himalayan linguistics, historical and descriptive linguistics of the Himalayan area''. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. According to Tournadre (2014), there are 50 languages, which split into over 200 dialects or could be group into 8 dialect continua. These languages are spoken in the Tibetan Plateau and in the Himalayas in Gilgit-Baltistan, Aksai Chin, Ladakh, Nepal, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Bhutan. Classical Tibetan is the major literary language, particularly for its use in Buddhist literature. Tibetan languages are spoken by some 6 million people, not all of whom are Tibetans. With the worldwide spread of Tibetan Buddhism, the Tibetan language has spread into the western world and can be found in many Buddhist publications and prayer materials; with some western students lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bodish Languages
Bodish, named for the Tibetan ethnonym ''Bod'', is a proposed grouping consisting of the Tibetic languages and associated Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Tibet, North India, Nepal, Bhutan, and North Pakistan. It has not been demonstrated that all these languages form a clade, characterized by shared innovations, within Sino-Tibetan. Shafer, who coined the term "Bodish", used it for two different levels in his classification, called "section" and "branch" respectively: * Bodish ** Bodish *** West Bodish *** Central Bodish *** South Bodish *** East Bodish ** Gurung ( Tamangic) ** Tshangla ** Rgyalrongic It is now generally accepted that the languages Shafer placed in the first three subgroups are all descended from Old Tibetan, and should be combined as a Tibetic subgroup, with the East Bodish languages as a sister subgroup. More recent classifications omit Rgyalrongic, which is considered a separate branch of Sino-Tibetan. Bradley (1997) also defined a broad "Bodish" gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
