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Mpapa Gallery
Mpapa Gallery was the first independent art gallery in Zambia, existing in Lusaka from 1978 until 1996. History In the early 1970s, Zambia was one of the formidable Front Line States providing support to freedom fighters throughout the Southern African region (often at great cost to its own citizens in terms of access to food, security, freedom of movement and economic resources). Following independence in 1964, there were moves to support art (notably the establishment of the Art Centre Foundation in 1967) but by 1978 no independent art gallery existed and much of the artwork available was colonially-influenced at a time when Zambia had turned its back on the cultural influences of the countries to the south which were still not liberated. The African National Congress of South Africa was exiled in Zambia from 1963 and in the 70s its Department of Arts and Culture, under Barbara Masekela was amassing a collection of black South African art. Her views and those of major Zambia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frontline States
The Frontline States (FLS) were a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending ''apartheid'' and white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia. The FLS included Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The FLS disbanded after Nelson Mandela became President of South Africa in 1994. In April 1975, the Frontline States – then consisting of Botswana, Lesotho, Tanzania and Zambia – were formally recognised as an entity as a committee of the Assembly of the Heads of State of the Organisation of African Unity. They were joined by Angola (1975), Mozambique (1975) and Zimbabwe (1980) when those countries gained their independence. Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere was the chairman until he retired in 1985. His successor was Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda. The countries met regularly to coordinate their policies. Their mission was complicated by the fact that the economies of nearly all the FLS countries w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African National Congress (history)
: The African National Congress (ANC) has been the governing party of the South Africa, Republic of South Africa since 1994. The ANC was founded on 8 January 1912 in Bloemfontein and is the oldest liberation movement in Africa. Called the South African Native National Congress until 1923, the ANC was founded as a national discussion forum and organised pressure group, which sought to advance black South Africans’ rights using non-violent and primarily diplomatic methods. Its early membership was a small, loosely centralised coalition of Tribal chief, traditional leaders and educated, religious professionals, and it was staunchly loyal to the The Crown, British crown during the World War I, First World War. It was in the early 1950s, shortly after the National Party (South Africa), National Party’s adoption of a formal policy of apartheid, that the ANC became a mass-based organisation. In 1952, the ANC’s membership swelled during the uncharacteristically militant Defiance Cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
