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Mount Carmel Forest Fire (1989)
The Mount Carmel Forest Fire was a Wildfire, forest fire that occurred between 19 and 22 September 1989 on Mount Carmel in northern Israel and was one of the largest forest fires in Israel, the largest being the Mount Carmel forest fire (2010), Mount Carmel forest fire of 2010. The fire extended over , of which were natural forest areas of Aleppo pine which were part of the Carmel National Park and Nature Reserve, causing considerable damage to the flora and wildlife. Causes The weather conditions at the start of the fire were a 31 degrees Celsius (87.8 degrees Fahrenheit), 28% humidity and eastern winds of 42–50 kmh (30–35 mph). The weather conditions and mountainous topography of the area increased both the speed at which the fire spread and its intensity, making it difficult to extinguish. Extinguishing the fire The fire broke out around 11:00 a.m. on the morning of 19 September 1989 in a number of locations far apart from each other. The eruption of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Carmel
Mount Carmel ( he, הַר הַכַּרְמֶל, Har haKarmel; ar, جبل الكرمل, Jabal al-Karmil), also known in Arabic as Mount Mar Elias ( ar, link=no, جبل مار إلياس, Jabal Mār Ilyās, lit=Mount Saint Elias/Elijah), is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel stretching from the Mediterranean Sea towards the southeast. The range is a UNESCO biosphere reserve. A number of towns are situated there, most notably the city of Haifa, Israel's third largest city, located on the northern and western slopes. Etymology The word ''karmel'' means "garden-land" and is of uncertain origin. It is either a compound of ''kerem'' and ''el'', meaning "vineyard of El (deity), God" or a clipping of ''kar male,'' meaning "full kernel." Martin Jan Mulder suggested a third etymology, that of ''kerem + l'' with the lamed a wiktionary:sufformative, sufformative, but this is considered unlikely as evidence for the existence of a lamed sufformative is weak. Geography and geology T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agricultural Aircraft
An agricultural aircraft is an aircraft that has been built or converted for agricultural use – usually aerial application of pesticides (crop dusting) or fertilizer (aerial topdressing); in these roles they are referred to as "crop dusters" or "top dressers". Agricultural aircraft are also used for hydroseeding. The most common agricultural aircraft are fixed-wing aircraft, fixed-wing, such as the Air Tractor, Cessna 188, Cessna Ag-wagon, Gippsland GA200, Grumman Ag Cat, PZL-106 Kruk, PZL-106 KRUK, M-18 Dromader, PAC Fletcher, Piper PA-36 Pawnee Brave, Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema, and Rockwell Thrush Commander but helicopters are also used. Generally agricultural aircraft have piston or turboprop engines. The only known exception is the Poland, Polish PZL M-15 Belphegor which has a jet engine. Early use of aircraft in agriculture Crop dusting with insecticides began in the 1920s in the United States. The first widely used agricultural aircraft were converted war-surplus bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fires In Israel
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition point, flames are produced. The ''flame'' is the visible portion of the fire. Flames consist primarily of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen and nitrogen. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma. Depending on the substances alight, and any impurities outside, the color of the flame and the fire's intensity will be different. Fire in its most common form can result in conflagration, which has the potential to cause physical damage through burning. Fire is an important process that affects ecological systems around the globe. The positive effects of fire include stimulating growth and maintaining various ecological systems. Its negative effects include hazard to life and property, atmospheric pollution, and water contamination. If fire re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980s Wildfires
__NOTOC__ Year 198 (CXCVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sergius and Gallus (or, less frequently, year 951 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 198 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire *January 28 **Publius Septimius Geta, son of Septimius Severus, receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. **Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus, is given the title of Augustus (title), Augustus. China *Winter – Battle of Xiapi: The allied armies led by Cao Cao and Liu Bei defeat Lü Bu; afterward Cao Cao has him executed. By topic Religion * Marcus I of Byzantium, Marcus I succeeds Olympianus of Byzantium, Olympianus as Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople (until 211). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989 In Israel
Events in the year 1989 in Israel. Incumbents * President of Israel – Chaim Herzog * Prime Minister of Israel – Yitzhak Shamir (Likud) * President of the Supreme Court – Meir Shamgar * Chief of General Staff – Dan Shomron * Government of Israel – 23rd Government of Israel Events * 6 May – Gili & Galit represents Israel at the Eurovision Song Contest with the song “ Derekh Hamelekh” ("The King’s Road"). * July – The 1989 Maccabiah Games are held. * July 28 – Israeli commandos entered Lebanon and kidnapped Sheik Abdel Karim Obeid, chief of Hezbollah. (see Ron Arad). * September 19–22 – Mount Carmel forest fire: One of the largest forest fire in Israel's history. The fire extended over 6,000 dunam (1,500 acres), devastates 3,200 dunam (790 acres) of natural forest areas of Aleppo pine on Mount Carmel in northern Israel, close to the city of Haifa. Israeli–Palestinian conflict The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian confl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Forests In Israel
The forests of contemporary Israel are mainly the result of a massive afforestation campaign by the Jewish National Fund (JNF). This article is a list of these forests. In the 19th century and up to World War I, the Ottoman Empire cleared the land of Israel of its natural reserves of pine and oak trees, in order to build railways across the empire. Since it was founded the JNF has planted in Israel more than 185 million trees creating 280 forests, and still operates today. Jerusalem District * Aminadav Forest – Judean hills near Aminadav * Canada Forest – Jerusalem corridor * Eshtaol Forest - near Beit Shemesh * Gilo Forest – (Gilo neighborhood) * Jerusalem Forest – (between Givat Shaul neighborhood and Ein Karem) * Martyrs Forest – (above Moshav Ksalon (Shimshon-Sha'ar HaGai Junction) * Peace Forest – (below East Talpiot promenade) * Ramot Forest – (between Ramot neighborhood and Shu'afat) Central District * Ben Shemen Forest – (east of Ben Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wild Goat
The wild goat (''Capra aegagrus'') is a wild goat species, inhabiting forests, shrublands and rocky areas ranging from Turkey and the Caucasus in the west to Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east. It has been listed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by destruction and degradation of habitat. It is one of the ancestors of the domestic goat (''C. hircus''). Taxonomy ''Capra aegagrus'' was the scientific name proposed by Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben in 1777 for the wild goat populations of the Caucasus and Taurus Mountains. ''Capra blythi'' proposed by Allan Octavian Hume in 1874 were wild goat horns from Sindh. The following wild goat subspecies are considered valid taxa: *Bezoar ibex ''C. a. aegagrus'' *Sindh ibex ''C. a. blythi'' *Chiltan ibex ''C. a. chialtanensis'' *Turkmen wild goat ''C. a. turcmenica'' *''Capra aegagrus pictus'' The kri-kri was once thought to be a subspecies of the wild goat, but is now considered to be a feral d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roe Deer
The roe deer (''Capreolus capreolus''), also known as the roe, western roe deer, or European roe, is a species of deer. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a roebuck. The roe is a small deer, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapted to cold environments. The species is widespread in Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, from Scotland to the Caucasus, and east to northern Iran and Iraq. Etymology English ''roe'' is from Old English ''rā'' or ''rāha'', from Proto-Germanic ''*raihô'', cognate with Old Norse ''rá'', Old Saxon ''rēho'', Middle Dutch and Dutch ''ree'', Old High German ''rēh'', ''rēho'', ''rēia'', German ''Reh''. It is perhaps ultimately derived from a PIE root ''*rei-'', meaning "streaked, spotted or striped". The word is attested on the 5th-century Caistor-by-Norwich astragalus -a roe deer talus bone, written in Elder Futhark as , transliterated as ''raïhan''. In the English language, this deer was originally simply called a 'roe', b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Energy enters the system through photosynthesis and is incorporated into plant tissue. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and microbes. Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magen David Adom
The Magen David Adom ( he, מגן דוד אדום, abbr. MDA, pronounced ''MAH-dah'' per its Hebrew acronym, ) is Israel's national emergency medical, disaster, ambulance and blood bank service. The name means "Red Shield" or "Red Star of David". Since June 2006, Magen David Adom has been officially recognized by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) as the national aid society of the State of Israel under the Geneva Conventions, and a member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. MDA has a dedicated medical emergency phone number in Israel, 101. MDA can become an auxiliary arm of the Israel Defense Forces during times of war. In 2022 MDA was academically affiliated with Ben Gurion University of the Negev. History The Magen David Adom organization was formed by nurse Dr. Meshulam Levontin in 1930 as a volunteer association with a single branch in Tel Aviv. After opening branches in Jerusalem and Haifa, it was extended nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israel Nature And Parks Authority
The Israel Nature and Parks Authority ( he, רשות הטבע והגנים ''Rashut Hateva Vehaganim''; ar, سلطة الطبيعة والحدائق) is an Israeli government organization that manages nature reserves and national parks in Israel, the Golan Heights and parts of the West Bank. The organization was founded in April 1998, merging two organizations (The National Parks Authority and the Nature Reserves Authority) that had managed the National parks and nature reserves of Israel, nature reserves and national parks separately since 1964. The director of the Authority is Shaul Goldstein.Israel Declares Five New National Parks and Nature Reserves Haaretz. Zafrir Rinat. 27/06/17. Retrieved 16/05/18 The symbol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish National Fund
Jewish National Fund ( he, קֶרֶן קַיֶּימֶת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, ''Keren Kayemet LeYisrael'', previously , ''Ha Fund HaLeumi'') was founded in 1901 to buy and develop land in Ottoman Syria (later Mandatory Palestine, and subsequently Israel and the Palestinian territories) for Jewish settlement. The JNF is a non-profit organization.Professor Alon Tal, The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Nege"NATIONAL REPORT OF ISRAEL, Years 2003-2005, TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION (UNCCD)"; State of Israel, July 2006 By 2007, it owned 13% of the total land in Israel. Since its inception, the JNF says it has planted over 240 million trees in Israel. It has also built 180 dams and reservoirs, developed of land and established more than 1,000 parks. In 2002, the JNF was awarded the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement and special contribution to society and the State of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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