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Mostazafan Foundation
The Mostazafan Foundation of Islamic Revolution ( fa, بنیاد مستضعفان انقلاب اسلامی) formerly Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan (Foundation of the Oppressed and Disabled or "MFJ") is a charitable '' bonyad'', or foundation, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the second-largest commercial enterprise in Iran behind the state-owned National Iranian Oil CompanyMillionaire mullahs by Paul Klebnikov, 7 July 2003, ''The Iranian'' Originally printed in ''Forbes'', Retrieved 15 May 2009 and biggest in the Middle East. The foundation used to be directly run by |
Bonyad
Bonyads ( fa, بنیاد "Foundation") are charitable trusts in Iran that play a major role in Iran's non-petroleum economy, controlling an estimated 20% of Iran's GDP, and channeling revenues to groups supporting the Islamic Republic. Exempt from taxes, they have been called "bloated", and "a major weakness of Iran's economy". They have also been criticized for reaping "huge subsidies from government", while siphoning off production to the lucrative black market and providing limited and inadequate charity to the poor.Mackey, Sandra ''Iranians, Persia, Islam, and the soul of a nation'', New York: Dutton, c1996 (p.370) Background Monarchy Founded as royal foundations by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the original bonyads were criticized for providing a "smokescreen of charity" to patronage, economic control, for-profit wheeling and dealing done with the goal of "keep ngthe Shah in Power." Resembling more a secretive conglomerate than a charitable trust, these bonyads invested h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohsen Rafighdoost
Mohsen Rafighdoust (also Rafiqdoust, fa, محسن رفیقدوست) is an Iranian Revolutionary Guards military officer and conservative politician. He is a member of the Islamic Coalition Party. Early life Rafighdoost was born around 1940 in south Tehran. His family background is that of a '' bazaari'', the traditional class of people who work in the bazaar.Kaplan, ''The Ends of the Earth, (1996), p.201 His father was a fruit and vegetable merchant at the Tehran bazaar.Paul Klebnikov. (7 July 2003Millionaire mullahs''Forbes'', Retrieved 15 May 2009 His family was very religious and close to Ruhollah Khomeini. In 1953, Rafighdoost was expelled from secondary school due to his pro- Mossadegh activities. Military career Mohsen Rafighdoost was the chief of Ruhollah Khomeini's security detail in 1979 during the Iranian Revolution, and helped found the Revolutionary Guards who helped eliminate opposition to theocratic rule in the Islamic Republic. He is noted for having driven Ruho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organizations Established In 1958
An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. The word is derived from the Greek word ''organon'', which means tool or instrument, musical instrument, and organ. Types There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, political organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and educational institutions, etc. A hybrid organization is a body that operates in both the public sector and the private sector simultaneously, fulfilling public duties and developing commercial market activities. A voluntary association is an organization consisting of volunteers. Such organizations may be able to operate without legal formalities, depending on jurisdiction, incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1958 Establishments In Iran
Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the third overland journey to the South Pole, the first to use powered vehicles. ** Sputnik 1 (launched on October 4, 1957) falls to Earth from its orbit, and burns up. * January 13 – Battle of Edchera: The Moroccan Army of Liberation ambushes a Spanish patrol. * January 27 – A Soviet-American executive agreement on cultural, educational and scientific exchanges, also known as the "Lacy-Zarubin Agreement, Lacy–Zarubin Agreement", is signed in Washington, D.C. * January 31 – The first successful American satellite, Explorer 1, is launched into orbit. February * February 1 – Egypt and Syria unite, to form the United Arab Republic. * February 6 – Seven Manchester United F.C., Manchester United footballers are among the 21 people killed i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foundation For The Preservation And Publication Of Sacred Defense Works And Values
The Foundation for the Preservation and Publication of Sacred Defense Works and Values ( fa, بنیاد حفظ آثار و نشر ارزشهای دفاع مقدس) is one of the institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the aim of preserving the relics and disseminating the values of the Sacred Defense ( Iran-Iraq war known by Iranians as the "''Sacred Defence''" or "''Holy Defense''") and promoting the culture of resistance, self-sacrifice, jihad and martyrdom. It was established by order of the Supreme Leader of Iran at the end of Iran-Iraq war in October 1990. This foundation is headed by Sardar Bahman Kargar and its parent department is General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Main tasks * Organizing travels to the areas left by the Iran–Iraq war under caravans called ''Rahian-e Noor'' * Participate in the construction of Iran–Iraq war museums in the cities of Iran * Cooperation in performing funeral ceremonies and honorin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of Iran
The economy of Iran is a mixed economy with a large state-owned sector and is the largest in the Middle East in terms of nominal GDP. It is the world's 21st largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Some 60% of Iran's economy is centrally planned."A survey of Iran: Stunted and distorted". ''The Economist'' (2003) It is dominated by oil and gas production, although over 40 industries are directly involved in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The stock exchange has been one of the best performing exchanges in the world over the past decade.Matthew Lynn: Are you brave enough to invest in Iran? ''Wall Street Journal (Market Watch)'', March 26, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2014. With 10% of the world's [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Iran
The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Neẓām-e jomhūrī-e eslāmi-e Irān, known simply as ''Neẓām'' ( fa, نظام, lit=the system) among its supporters) is the ruling state and current political system in Iran, in power since the Islamic revolution and fall of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. Its constitution, adopted by an ex post facto referendum, uses separation of powers model with Executive, Legislative, and Judicial systems, while the Supreme Leader is the country's head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. It is currently one of the three governments using the title Islamic republic. Creation The Islamic Republic of Iran was created shortly after the Islamic Revolution. The first major demonstrations with the intent to overthrow the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi began in January 1978, with a new, Islam-based, theocratic Constitution being approved in December 1979, ending the monar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imam Khomeini International Airport
Imam Khomeini International Airport is the primary international airport of Tehran, the capital city of Iran, located southwest of Tehran, near the localities of Robat Karim and Eslamshahr and spread over an area of of land. Along with Mehrabad Airport, it is one of the two international airports serving Tehran. All international flights in Tehran are currently served by this airport, and all domestic flights are served by Mehrabad Airport. IKA ranks third in terms of total passenger traffic in Iran after Tehran Mehrabad Airport and Mashhad Airport. The airport is operated by the Iran Airports Company and is the primary operating base for Iran Air and Mahan Air. History Early planning Construction of the airport began prior to the 1979 Iranian revolution. The original designers were Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy-Stratton (TAMS), an American engineering and architectural consulting partnership. A local joint venture was formed between TAMS and local firm Abdol Aziz Farmanfarmai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kayhan
''Kayhan'' ( fa, کيهان, '' en, The Cosmos'') is a newspaper published in Tehran, Iran. It is considered "the most conservative Iranian newspaper." Hossein Shariatmadari is the editor-in-chief of ''Kayhan''. According to the report of the ''New York Times'' in 2007, his official position is representative of the Supreme Leader of Iran. ''Kayhan'' has about 1,000 employees worldwide. There are conflicting reports about its circulation numbers: in 2006 the BBC gave it as 60,000–100,000 copies, in 2007 the ''New York Times'' gave "about 70,000", and in 2008 a New York University School of Law journal article reported it as 350,000 copies. ''Kayhan'' also publishes special foreign editions, which include the English-language ''Kayhan International''. History and profile ''Kayhan'' was founded in February 1943 by owner Abdolrahman Faramarzi and Mostafa Mesbahzadeh as editor-in-chief. Later the roles of Faramarzi and Mesbahzadeh were reversed. The paper supported Shah Mohammed R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ettelaat
''Ettela'at'' ( fa, اطلاعات, Ettelâ'ât, ) is a Persian language daily newspaper of record published in Iran. It is among the oldest publications in the country, and the oldest running Persian daily newspaper in the world. The paper has a conservative stance and focuses on political, cultural, social and economic news. Until the revolution of 1979, the newspaper was associated with its chief founder Abbas Massoudi (1895-1974). History and profile ''Ettala'at'' was started by Abbas Massoudi in 1926 as a four-page paper and sold nearly 2,000 copies per week. The circulation of the paper was 15,000 copies during the reign of Reza Shah. At the beginning of World War II. the paper was expanded and had eight pages. ''Ettala'at'' supported Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi during his reign. One of the editors-in-chief was Hassan Sayyed Javadi, younger brother of Ali Sayyed Javadi, another journalist with '' Kayhan'', and Ahmad Sayyed Javadi, sometime interior minister of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zamzam Cola
Zamzam (, ''Zemzem'', formerly Zamzam Cola) is a brand of soft drink produced in Iran by Zamzam Group. It is popular in parts of the West Asia, having gained a status there as an alternative to Coca-Cola and Pepsi. The director of the Zamzam Group is Ahmad-Haddad Moghaddam. Zamzam Group is owned by the Mostazafan Foundation. History Originally a subsidiary of Pepsi created in Iran in 1954 as the first Iranian carbonated soft drink producer owned by Habib Sabet. Following Islamic revolution in 1979, the company was taken from his original owner without compensation and the named was changed to ZamZam. Following the 2002 boycott of Coca-Cola by Saudi Arabia, Zamzam was unofficially dubbed the soft drink of the Hajj. The product's name is a reference to the Well of Zamzam in Mecca, that is one of the stops on the Islamic pilgrimage of the Hajj. The headquarters of Zamzam are in Tehran, Iran. The bottling facility in Tehran is a popular attraction where people can see the dri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tourism In Iran
Tourism in Iran is diverse, providing a range of activities from hiking and skiing in the Alborz and Zagros mountains, to beach holidays by the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. The Iranian government has made concerted efforts to attract tourists to the various destinations in the country and arrivals have increased in recent years. The government website advises visitors to "dress modestly" at all times, which for women means covering head, arms, and legs down to the ankles. Background Kish Island alone attracted around 1 million visitors in 2012–13, the majority of whom were Iranian, but the area also attracts many non-Iranian Muslims who are interested to have beach holidays with Islamic style beaches where men and women use separate beaches. Before the Iranian revolution in 1979, tourism was characterized by significant numbers of visitors traveling to Iran for its diverse attractions, including cultural splendours and a diverse and beautiful landscape suitable for a ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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