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Monorails In Central Java
Monorails were used to transport timber from the forests of Central Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) located in the mountains to the rivers. History In 1908 and 1909, the forester H. J. L. Beck built a manually operated monorail of limited but sufficient capacity for the transport of small timber and firewood in the northern Surabaya forest district. In later years, this idea was further developed by L. A. van de Ven, who was a forester in the Grobogan Regency, Grobogan forest district () around 1908–1910.Ch. S. Lugt: ''Het boschbeheer in Nederlandsch-Indië.'' 1933, S. 75–76. Zitiert in: Rob van de Ven Renardel de Lavalette''De Monorail van Grobogan.''/ref> He devoted himself to the planning, construction and operation of monorails,Augusta de Wit: ''Een bevloeiingswerk''. In: ''Natuur en menschen in Indië'', 1921, page 125. First published in ''Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant, Avondblad A,'' 30 November 1911. Referenced in: Rob van de Ven Renardel de Lavalette''De Mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monorails In Central Java (2)
Monorails were used to transport timber from the forests of Central Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) located in the mountains to the rivers. History In 1908 and 1909, the forester H. J. L. Beck built a manually operated monorail of limited but sufficient capacity for the transport of small timber and firewood in the northern Surabaya forest district. In later years, this idea was further developed by L. A. van de Ven, who was a forester in the Grobogan Regency, Grobogan forest district (north of Poerwodadi ) around 1908–1910.Ch. S. Lugt: ''Het boschbeheer in Nederlandsch-Indië.'' 1933, S. 75–76. Zitiert in: Rob van de Ven Renardel de Lavalette''De Monorail van Grobogan.''/ref> He devoted himself to the planning, construction and operation of monorails,Augusta de Wit: ''Een bevloeiingswerk''. In: ''Natuur en menschen in Indië'', 1921, page 125. First published in ''Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant, Avondblad A,'' 30 November 1911. Referenced in: Rob van de Ven Renardel d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wood Processing
Wood processing is an engineering discipline in the wood industry comprising the production of forest products, such as pulp and paper, construction materials, and tall oil. Paper engineering is a subfield of wood processing. The major wood product categories are: sawn timber, wood-based panels, wood chips, paper and paper products and miscellaneous others including poles and railway sleepers. Forest product processing technologies have undergone extraordinary advances in some of the above categories. Improvements have been achieved in recovery rates, durability and protection, greater utilization of NTFPs such as various grain stalks and bamboo, and the development of new products such as reconstituted wood-panels. Progress has not been homogenous in all the forest product utilization categories. Although there is little information available on the subjects of technology acquisition, adaptation and innovation for the forest-based industrial sector, it is clear that sawmillin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monorails
A monorail (from "mono", meaning "one", and "rail") is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail or a beam. Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track.The term "track" is used here for simplicity. Technically the monorail sits on or is suspended from a guideway containing a singular structure. There is an additional generally accepted rule that the support for the car be narrower than the car. Etymology The term possibly comes from 1897, from German engineer Eugen Langen, who called an elevated railway system with wagons suspended the '' Eugen Langen One-railed Suspension Tramway'' (Einschieniges Hängebahnsystem Eugen Langen). Differentiation from other transport systems Monorails have found applications in airport transfer and medium capacity metros. To differentiate monorails from other transport modes, the Monorail Society defines a monorail a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steam Locomotive
A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomotive's boiler to the point where it becomes gaseous and its volume increases 1,700 times. Functionally, it is a steam engine on wheels. In most locomotives, the steam is admitted alternately to each end of its cylinders, in which pistons are mechanically connected to the locomotive's main wheels. Fuel and water supplies are usually carried with the locomotive, either on the locomotive itself or in a tender coupled to it. Variations in this general design include electrically-powered boilers, turbines in place of pistons, and using steam generated externally. Steam locomotives were first developed in the United Kingdom during the early 19th century and used for railway transport until the middle of the 20th century. Richard Trevithick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narrow-gauge Railway
A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge narrower than standard-gauge railway, standard . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with Minimum railway curve radius, tighter curves, smaller structure gauges, and lighter rails, they can be less costly to build, equip, and operate than standard- or broad-gauge railways (particularly in mountainous or difficult terrain). Lower-cost narrow-gauge railways are often used in mountainous terrain, where engineering savings can be substantial. Lower-cost narrow-gauge railways are often built to serve industries as well as sparsely populated communities where the traffic potential would not justify the cost of a standard- or broad-gauge line. Narrow-gauge railways have specialised use in mines and other environments where a small structure gauge necessitates a small loading gauge. In some countries, narrow gauge is the standard; Japan, Indone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Java
East Java ( id, Jawa Timur) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost hemisphere of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern and southern coasts, respectively, while the narrow Bali Strait to the east separates Java from Bali by around . Located in eastern Java (island), Java, the province also includes the island of Madura Island, Madura (which is connected to Java by the longest bridge in Indonesia, the Suramadu Bridge), as well as the Kangean Islands, Kangean islands and other smaller island groups located further east (in the northern Bali Sea) and Masalembu Islands, Masalembu archipelagos in the north. Its capital is Surabaya, the Largest cities in Indonesia, second largest city in Indonesia, a major industrial center and also a major business center. Banyuwangi is the largest regency in East Java and the largest on the island of Java. The p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jombang Regency
Jombang Regency ( id, Kabupaten Jombang; jv, ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦗꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ) is a regency of East Java, Indonesia, situated to the southwest of Surabaya. The capital of the regency is the town of Jombang. The regency has an area of 1,159.48 km2 and population of 1,202,407 at the 2010 census and 1,318,062 at the 2020 census. It became a regency in 1910. It was the birthplace of Abdurrahman Wahid, the 4th president of Indonesia The President of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Presiden Republik Indonesia) is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and i .... Administrative districts The regency is divided into twenty-one districts (''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas and population totals from the 2010 census and the 2020 census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The table also includes the number of administrative village ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blora Regency
Blora ( jv, ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦫ) is a regency in the northeastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is Blora. The regency is located in the easternmost part of Central Java, and borders thGoa Terawang engawan Solo River and the East Java province. It covers an area of 1,820.59 km2 and it had a population of 829,728 at the 2010 census and 884,333 at the 2020 census. Etymology According to a folklore, the word Blora derived from the word ''belor'' which means mud. It then evolved into ''mbeloran'', then ''blora''. This folk etymology could partly explain the origin of this name, as the word evolved from Old Javanese instead of the modern ''belor''. See the explanation below. The word Blora literally means low, watery ground. The name was derived from ''way'' and ''lorah'' combined (''wailorah''), which means water and cliff, respectively. During the course of its evolution, the Modern Javanese language evolved voiced plosive from the previous approxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cepu, Blora
Cepu (formerly Tjepoe or Tjepu) is a district (''kecamatan'') of Indonesia, in Blora Regency, Central Java Province. Its seat is the town of . History and economy In colonial times, when Indonesia was part of the Dutch East Indies, Cepu was known for its teak (timber) and oil. The oil refineries, operated by Bataafse Petroleum Maatschappij, could produce about 11,000 bpd. They were blown up by the Dutch immediately after the Japanese landings on the island of Java in 1942. The invaders, one of whose objectives was the oilfields, committed atrocities. The teak is still highly regarded. By 2001, the oil reserves were thought to have been exhausted; but new ones have been discovered by ExxonMobil, which may yield 235,000 bpd. Weather, climate and ecology The nearest weather station to Cepu town appears to be at Surakarta, Central Java, away. Language The local language is , a dialect of Javanese. Subdivisions Cepu District comprises the following rural and urban villages: * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kudus Regency
:''This article refers to the regency in Indonesia; see also Al-Quds (Jerusalem)'' Kudus ( jv, ꦏꦸꦢꦸꦱ꧀) is a regency ( id, kabupaten) in Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is Kudus. It covers 425.16 km2 and is thus the smallest regency on Java Island in area, and it had a population of 777,437 at the 2010 Census and 849,184 at the 2020 Census, comprising 423,777 males and 425,407 females. It is located east of Semarang, the capital of Central Java. History The city of Kudus was something of an important Islamic holy city in the sixteenth century. It is the only place in Java that has permanently acquired an Arabic name ('al-Quds', Jerusalem). Sunan Kudus, one of the nine ''Wali Sanga'', was said to have been the fifth ''imam'' (head) of the mosque of Demak and a major leader of the 1527 campaign against 'Majapahit', before moving to Kudus. The Mosque of Kudus (''Masjid Menara'') which dates from this period, remains a local landmark to this day. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cepu Forest Railway
The Cepu Forest Railway (officially branded as Loco Tour Cepu) is a narrow gauge light forest railway, logging railway that runs through teak plantations to the northwest of the town of Cepu (town), Cepu, in Cepu, Blora, Cepu district, on the boundary between Central and East Java provinces, on the island of Java in Indonesia. It is owned by Perhutani, a state-owned forestry company of Indonesia. steam locomotive, Steam traction is still dominant. Along with Olean Sugar Mill in Situbondo, East Java (a candidate World Heritage Site), Tasik Madu sugar mill and the rack railway at Ambarawa (both also in Central Java), the Cepu Forest Railway is one of the four main centres of steam railway heritage remaining in Java. In fact, with four operable steam locomotives, built by Berliner Maschinenbau and , the Cepu depot has the largest concentration of active preserved steam locomotives in Indonesia. It is therefore of major heritage importance and due to its globally significant status ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monorail
A monorail (from "mono", meaning "one", and "rail") is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail or a beam. Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track.The term "track" is used here for simplicity. Technically the monorail sits on or is suspended from a guideway containing a singular structure. There is an additional generally accepted rule that the support for the car be narrower than the car. Etymology The term possibly comes from 1897, from German engineer Eugen Langen, who called an elevated railway system with wagons suspended the '' Eugen Langen One-railed Suspension Tramway'' (Einschieniges Hängebahnsystem Eugen Langen). Differentiation from other transport systems Monorails have found applications in airport transfer and medium capacity metros. To differentiate monorails from other transport modes, the Monorail Society defines a monorail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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