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Monogenea Genera
Monogeneans are a group of ectoparasitic flatworms commonly found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish. They have a direct lifecycle and do not require an intermediate host. Adults are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive structures.L.A. Tubbsa et al. (2005). "Effects of temperature on fecundity in vitro, egg hatching and reproductive development of ''Benedenia seriolae'' and ''Zeuxapta seriolae'' (Monogenea) parasitic on yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi". ''International Journal for Parasitology''(35), 315–327. Some monogeneans are oviparous (egg-laying) and some are viviparous (live-bearing). Oviparous varieties release eggs into the water. Viviparous varieties release larvae, which immediately attach to another host. The genus ''Gyrodactylus'' is an example of a viviparous variety, while the genus ''Dactylogyrus'' is an example of an oviparous variety. Signs and symptoms Freshwater fish that become infected with this parasite become leth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systematics And Evolution
Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: cladograms, phylogenetic trees, phylogenies). Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships) and branch length (showing amount of evolution). Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth. The word systematics is derived from the Latin word '' systema,'' which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book. Branches and applications In the study of biological systematics, researchers use the different branches to further understand the relationshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capsalidea
The Monopisthocotylea are a subclass of parasitic flatworms in the class Monogenea. WoRMS (2019). Monopisthocotylea. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119219 on 2019-02-08 Yamaguti, S. (1963). Systema Helminthum Volume IV Monogenea and Aspidocotylea: John Wiley & Sons.Hayward, C. (2005). Monogenea Polyopisthocotylea (ectoparasitic flukes). In K. Rohde (Ed.), Marine Parasitology (pp. 55-63): CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia & CABI, Oxon, UK. Classification There are only two subclasses in the class Monogenea: * Monopisthocotylea. The name means "a single posterior sucker" - the attachment organ (the haptor) is simple. * Polyopisthocotylea. The name means "several posterior suckers" - the attachment organ (the haptor) is complex, with several clamps or suckers. The subclass Monopisthocotylea contains these orders: * Order Capsalidea * Order Dactylogyridea * Order Gyrodactylidea * Order Monocotylidea * Order Montchadskyellidea Example of species * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cestodes
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes). Most of the species—and the best-known—are those in the subclass Eucestoda; they are ribbon-like worms as adults, known as tapeworms. Their bodies consist of many similar units known as proglottids—essentially packages of eggs which are regularly shed into the environment to infect other organisms. Species of the other subclass, Cestodaria, are mainly fish infecting parasites. All cestodes are parasitic; many have complex life histories, including a stage in a definitive (main) host in which the adults grow and reproduce, often for years, and one or two intermediate stages in which the larvae develop in other hosts. Typically the adults live in the digestive tracts of vertebrates, while the larvae often live in the bodies of other animals, either vertebrates or invertebrates. For example, '' Diphyllobothrium'' has at least two intermediate hosts, a crustacean and then one or more freshwater fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digeneans
Digenea (Gr. ''Dis'' – double, ''Genos'' – race) is a class of trematodes in the Platyhelminthes phylum, consisting of parasitic flatworms (known as ''flukes'') with a syncytial tegument and, usually, two suckers, one ventral and one oral. Adults commonly live within the digestive tract, but occur throughout the organ systems of all classes of vertebrates. Once thought to be related to the Monogenea, it is now recognised that they are closest to the Aspidogastrea and that the Monogenea are more closely allied with the Cestoda. Around 6,000 species have been described to date. Morphology Key features Characteristic features of the Digenea include a syncytial tegument; that is, a tegument where the junctions between cells are broken down and a single continuous cytoplasm surrounds the entire animal. A similar tegument is found in other members of the Neodermata; a group of platyhelminths comprising the Digenea, Aspidogastrea, Monogenea and Cestoda. Digeneans possess a ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turbellaria
The Turbellaria are one of the traditional sub-divisions of the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms), and include all the sub-groups that are not exclusively parasitic. There are about 4,500 species, which range from to large freshwater forms more than long or terrestrial species like ''Bipalium kewense'' which can reach in length. All the larger forms are flat with ribbon-like or leaf-like shapes, since their lack of respiratory system, respiratory and circulatory system, circulatory systems means that they have to rely on diffusion for internal transport of metabolites. However, many of the smaller forms are round in cross section. Most are predators, and all live in water or in moist terrestrial environments. Most forms reproduce sexual reproduction, sexually and with few exceptions all are hermaphrodites, simultaneous hermaphrodites. The Acoelomorpha and the genus ''Xenoturbella'' were formerly included in the Turbellaria, but are no longer regarded as Platyhelminthes. All th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazocraeidea
Mazocraeidea is an order in the subclass Polyopisthocotylea within class Monogenea. The species of this order have various structures in the clamps of their posterior attachment organ, including additional sclerites in the Gastrocotylidae and related families. However, these additional sclerites, and even the clamps themselves, are lacking in certain members of the family Protomicrocotylidae. Families ;According to PESI * Anthocotylidae Bychowsky, 1957 * Axinidae Monticelli, 1903 * Chauhaneidae Euzet & Trilles, 1960 * Diclidophoridae Fuhrmann, 1928 * Diplozoidae * Discocotylidae Price, 1936 * Gotocotylidae Yamaguti, 1963 * Heteraxinidae Unnithan, 1957 * Hexostomatidae Price, 1936 * Mazocraeidae Price, 1936 * Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 * Octolabeidae * Plectanocotylidae Monticelli, 1903 * Protomicrocotylidae Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 * Pyragraphoridae Yamaguti, 1963 ;According to the World Register of Marine Species: * Allodiscocotylidae * Allopyragraphoridae * Anchor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diclybothriidea
Diclybothriidea is an order of monogeneans in the subclass Polyopisthocotylea Polyopisthocotylea is a subclass of parasitic flatworms in the class Monogenea. WoRMS (2019). Polyopisthocotylea. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119220 on 2019-02-08Yamaguti, S. (1963). Systema Helminthum Volum .... Families * Diclybothriidae Bychowsky & Gusev, 1950Bychowski, B. E. & Gusev, A. W. (1950). The family Diclybothriidae and its systematic position. ''Parazitologicheskii Sbornik Zoologicheskie Instituta Akademiya Nauk SSSR'', 12, 275–299. * Hexabothriidae Price, 1942Price, E. W. (1942). North American monogenetic trematodes. V. The family Hexabothriidae, n. n. (Polystomatoidea). ''Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington'', 9(2), 39–56. References Polyopisthocotylea Platyhelminthes orders {{monogenea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimaericolidea
Polyopisthocotylea is a subclass of parasitic flatworms in the class Monogenea. WoRMS (2019). Polyopisthocotylea. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119220 on 2019-02-08Yamaguti, S. (1963). Systema Helminthum Volume IV Monogenea and Aspidocotylea: John Wiley & Sons.Hayward, C. (2005). Monogenea Polyopisthocotylea (ectoparasitic flukes). In K. Rohde (Ed.), Marine Parasitology (pp. 55-63): CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia & CABI, Oxon, UK. Classification There are only two subclasses in the class Monogenea: * Monopisthocotylea. The name means "a single posterior sucker" - the attachment organ (the haptor) is simple. * Polyopisthocotylea. The name means "several posterior suckers" - the attachment organ (the haptor) is complex, with several clamps or suckers. The subclass Polyopisthocotylea contains the four following orders: * Order Chimaericolidea * Order Diclybothriidea * Order Mazocraeidea * Order Polystomatidea Examples of species * '' Microco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polystomatidea
Polyopisthocotylea is a subclass of parasitic flatworms in the class Monogenea. WoRMS (2019). Polyopisthocotylea. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119220 on 2019-02-08Yamaguti, S. (1963). Systema Helminthum Volume IV Monogenea and Aspidocotylea: John Wiley & Sons.Hayward, C. (2005). Monogenea Polyopisthocotylea (ectoparasitic flukes). In K. Rohde (Ed.), Marine Parasitology (pp. 55-63): CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia & CABI, Oxon, UK. Classification There are only two subclasses in the class Monogenea: * Monopisthocotylea. The name means "a single posterior sucker" - the attachment organ (the haptor) is simple. * Polyopisthocotylea. The name means "several posterior suckers" - the attachment organ (the haptor) is complex, with several clamps or suckers. The subclass Polyopisthocotylea contains the four following orders: * Order Chimaericolidea * Order Diclybothriidea * Order Mazocraeidea * Order Polystomatidea Examples of species * '' Microco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyopisthocotylea
Polyopisthocotylea is a subclass of parasitic flatworms in the class Monogenea. WoRMS (2019). Polyopisthocotylea. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119220 on 2019-02-08Yamaguti, S. (1963). Systema Helminthum Volume IV Monogenea and Aspidocotylea: John Wiley & Sons.Hayward, C. (2005). Monogenea Polyopisthocotylea (ectoparasitic flukes). In K. Rohde (Ed.), Marine Parasitology (pp. 55-63): CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia & CABI, Oxon, UK. Classification There are only two subclasses in the class Monogenea: * Monopisthocotylea. The name means "a single posterior sucker" - the attachment organ (the haptor) is simple. * Polyopisthocotylea. The name means "several posterior suckers" - the attachment organ (the haptor) is complex, with several clamps or suckers. The subclass Polyopisthocotylea contains the four following orders: * Order Chimaericolidea * Order Diclybothriidea * Order Mazocraeidea * Order Polystomatidea Examples of species * '' Microco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dactylogyridea
Dactylogyridea is an Order (biology), order of Parasitism, parasitic flatworms in the Class (biology), class Monogenea.WoRMS (2018). Dactylogyridea. Accessed at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=517897 on 2018-08-09 Families *Amphibdellatidae Julius Victor Carus, Carus, 1885 *Ancylodiscoididae Alexandr Vladimirovich Gussev, Gusev, 1961 *Ancyrocephalidae Boris Bychowsky, Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1968 ("temporary name") *Calceostomatidae Parona & Perugia, 1890 *Dactylogyridae Boris Bychowsky, Bychowsky, 1933 *Diplectanidae Francesco Saverio Monticelli, Monticelli, 1903 *Fridericianellidae Gupta & Sachdeva, 1990 *Neocalceostomatidae Susan Lim (parasitologist), Lim, 1995 *Neotetraonchidae Bravo-Hollis, 1968 *Protogyrodactylidae Johnston & Oscar Werner Tiegs, Tiegs, 1922 *Pseudodactylogyridae *Tetraonchidae Boris Bychowsky, Bychowsky, 1937 *Urogyridae Bilong Bilong, Birgi & Louis Euzet, Euzet, 1994 References Monopisthocotylea Platyhelminthes orders {{monog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
