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Mongkung State
Mongkung (also spelt Möngküng), also known as Maingkaing ( my, မိုင်းကိုင်), was a Shan state in what is today Burma. It belonged to the Eastern Division of the Southern Shan States. Its capital was Mong Kung, in the valley of the Nam Teng. The largest minority were Palaung people. History Mongkung state was founded in ancient times as Langkavadi. In 1835, after the British annexed Upper Burma and established their rule in the region, Mongkung had been formerly a feudatory state of Hsenwi. Rulers The rulers of Mongkung bore the title ''Myoza'' in 1835-54 and 1863–73; ''Saopha Chao-Pha (; Tai Ahom: 𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡, th, เจ้าฟ้า}, shn, ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ, translit=Jao3 Fa5 Jao3 Fa5, my, စော်ဘွား ''Sawbwa,'' ) was a royal title used by the hereditary rulers of the Tai peoples of ...'' in 1854-63 and from 1873. Saophas and Myozas *1835 - 1860 Hkun Long (d. 1860) *1860 - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan States
The Shan States (1885–1948) were a collection of minor Shan kingdoms called ''muang'' whose rulers bore the title ''saopha'' in British Burma. They were analogous to the princely states of British India. The term "Shan States" was first used during the British rule in Burma as a geopolitical designation for certain areas of Burma (officially, the Federated Shan States, which included the Karenni States, consisted of today's Shan State and Kayah State). In some cases, the Siamese Shan States was used to refer to Lan Na (northern Thailand) and Chinese Shan States to the Shan regions in southern Yunnan such as Xishuangbanna. Historical mention of the Shan states inside the present-day boundaries of Burma began during the period of the Pagan Dynasty; the first major Shan State of that era was founded in 1215 at Mogaung, followed by Mone in 1223. These were part of the larger Tai migration that founded the Ahom Kingdom in 1229 and the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1253. Shan po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saopha
Chao-Pha (; Ahom language, Tai Ahom: 𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡, th, เจ้าฟ้า}, shn, ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ, translit=Jao3 Fa5 Jao3 Fa5, my, စော်ဘွား ''Sawbwa,'' ) was a royal title used by the hereditary rulers of the Tai peoples of Ahom kingdom, Mong Dun, Shan people, Mong Shan, Mong Mao, kingdoms of Thai and Khamti people, Tai-Khamti people. According to local chronicles, some fiefdoms of Chao-Pha date from as early as the 2nd century BCE; however, the earlier sections of these chronicles are generally agreed to be legendary. Overview During British rule in Burma, British colonial rule, there were 14 to 16 Chao-Phas at a time, each ruling a highly autonomous state, until 1922 when the Federated Shan States were formed and the Chao-Phas powers were reduced. However, they nominally kept their positions as well as their courts and still played a role in local administration until they collectively relinquished their titles in favour of the Post-independe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Gazetteer Of India
''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' was a gazetteer of the British Indian Empire, and is now a historical reference work. It was first published in 1881. Sir William Wilson Hunter made the original plans of the book, starting in 1869. ''dutchinkerala.com''. Retrieved 29 August 2021. The 1908, 1909 and 1931 "New Editions" have four encyclopedic volumes covering the geography, history, economics, and administration of India; 20 volumes of the alphabetically arranged gazetteer, listing places' names and providing statistics and summary information; and one volume each comprising the index and atlas. The New Editions were all published by the |
Shan People
The Shan people ( shn, တႆး; , my, ရှမ်းလူမျိုး; ), also known as the Tai Long, or Tai Yai are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia. The Shan are the biggest minority of Burma (Myanmar) and primarily live in the Shan State of this country, but also inhabit parts of Mandalay Region, Kachin State, and Kayin State, and in adjacent regions of China ( Dai people), Laos, Assam (Ahom people) and Thailand. Though no reliable census has been taken in Burma since 1935, the Shan are estimated to number 4–6 million, with CIA Factbook giving an estimate of five million spread throughout Myanmar which is about 10% of the overall Burmese population. 'Shan' is a generic term for all Tai-speaking peoples within Myanmar (Burma). The capital of Shan State is Taunggyi, the fifth-largest city in Myanmar with about 390,000 people. Other major cities include Thibaw (Hsipaw), Lashio, Kengtung and Tachileik. Etymology The Shan use the endonym Tai (တႆး) in r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burma
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explains, the English spellings of both Myanmar and Burma assume a non-rhotic variety of English, in which the letter r before a consonant or finally serves merely to indicate a long vowel: mjænmɑː, ˈbɜːmə So the pronunciation of the last syllable of Myanmar as ɑːror of Burma as ɜːrməby some speakers in the UK and most speakers in North America is in fact a spelling pronunciation based on a misunderstanding of non-rhotic spelling conventions. The final ''r'' in ''Myanmar'' was not intended for pronunciation and is there to ensure that the final a is pronounced with the broad ''ah'' () in "father". If the Burmese name my, မြန်မာ, label=none were spelled "Myanma" in English, this would be pronounced at the end by all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mong Kung
Mong Kung, Mongkung, Mongkaung or Möngkung ( my, မိုင်းကိုင်) ( shn, မိူင်းၵိုင်) is a town in Shan State some 100 kilometres east of Mandalay. It is the capital of Mong Kung Township, Myanmar. History In British Burma Mong Kung was the capital of Mongkung State of the Southern Shan States, with an area of 1,642'75 square miles. It was bounded on the north by Hsi Paw; on the east by Mong Tung, Kehsi Mansam and Mong Nawng; on the south by Lai Hka; and on the west by the western range of the Shan Hills and Lawk Sawk. Mong Kung has had a turbulent and unstable history. It was described by Sir Charles Haukes Todd during the colonial period as: ''...a State blessed with very fertile soil and good streams. But here also local dissension and Burman interference had brought ruin.'' More recently the area has been ravaged by conflicts between the Shan State Army-South (SSA-S) and the Burmese Army The Myanmar Army ( my, တပ်မတ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nam Teng
Teng River or Nam Teng is a river of Shan State, eastern Burma. It is a tributary of the Salween River. Course The river has its source in the Shan Hills north of Mongkung and flows roughly eastwards and then southwards past the towns of Kawnlang, Namsang and Langhko. A deep channel in the area of Langhko is called the Nam Teng canal and existed at least before 1906. The Teng River joins the Salween from the right side at the village of Ta-hsopteng in Langhko District. Legend River Teng is repeatedly mentioned in the traditional Shan folktale 'Nang Upem and Khun Samlaw', the latter a native of Keng Tawng according to the legend. Among other instances it is the place where Khun Samlaw met Nang Upem for the first time. When suffering Nang Upem bore a still-born son by the river, she cried and did not want to put the dead baby in the river for fear it would become a fish. See also *List of rivers in Burma This is a list of rivers in Myanmar (also known as Burma). This list is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaung People
The Palaung ( my, ပလောင် လူမျိုး ; Thai: ปะหล่อง, also written as Benglong Palong) or Ta'ang are a Mon–Khmer ethnic minority found in Shan State of Burma, Yunnan Province of China and Northern Thailand. In China, they are referred to as the De'ang ( also spelt Deang) people. They live mainly in the northern parts of Shan State in the Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone, with the capital at Namhsan. The Ta'ang (Palaung) State Liberation Army, the armed wing of the Palaung ethnic group, began fighting against the Burmese military in 1963. It entered a cease-fire agreement with the central government in April 1991, but is currently continuing the insurgency. Both the government and the rebel armies have derived benefit from poppy cultivation, which has caused serious drug addiction among the local people. Groups There are three main subgroups of Palaung: the Palé, Shwe and Rumai. The Chinese government groups together the Palé, Riang, Ruma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Burma
Upper Myanmar ( my, အထက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Upper Burma) is a geographic region of Myanmar, traditionally encompassing Mandalay and its periphery (modern Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions), or more broadly speaking, Kachin and Shan States. In the Burmese language, people originating from Upper Myanmar are typically called ''a-nya tha'' (), whereas those from Lower Myanmar are called ''auk tha'' (). The term "upper Burma" was first used by the British to refer to the central and northern area of what is now modern day Myanmar. After the Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852, Lower Myanmar was annexed by the British Empire, while Upper Myanmar remained independent under the Burmese Empire until the Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885. Upper Myanmar was also known as encompassing "Burma proper" and the Kingdom of Ava. Historically, Upper Myanmar was predominantly Bamar (whereas Lower Myanmar was historically Mon-speaking until the early 19th century), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hsenwi State
Hsenwi ( shn, သဵၼ်ႈဝီ; tdd, ᥔᥦᥢᥲ ᥝᥤᥴ), also known as Theinni ( my, သိန္နီ), was a Shan state in the Northern Shan States in what is today Burma. The capital was Hsenwi town. History Most Tai Yai chronicles begin with the story of two brothers, Khun Lung and Khun Lai, who descended from heaven in the 6th century and landed in Hsenwi, where the local population hailed them as kings. According to tradition, the predecessor state of Siviraṭṭha was founded before 650 AD. Hsenwi was the largest of the cis-Salween Shan states, and at one time included all of what are now the present states of North and South Hsenwi, Kehsi Mansam, Mong Hsu, Mong Sang, and Mong Nawng. It held Mongnai State until c. 1802. It also held Mang Lon and other Wa states east of the Salween in a protectorate-like arrangement, but during Burmese times, the state lost control of these areas. During the Sino-Burmese War (1765–69) the Qianlong Emperor of China invad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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