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Monastery Of Beth ʿAbe
Monastery of Beth Abe ( syc, ܒܝܬ ܥܒܐ; ', literally "house of wood"), is an East Syriac monastery located near the on the Great Zab about 80 km northeast of Nineveh. It was founded by Rabban Jacob of Lashom around 595 AD. The monastery played a major part in Syriac monasticism and was inhabited by several important figures in the Church of the East such as Sahdona, John of Dailam, Shubhalishoʿ, Giwargis II and Abraham II. One monk, Thomas of Marga, wrote a history of the monastery. Another, Bishop David of Kartaw, wrote a series of biographies of holy men known as the ''Little Paradise''. Abbots The abbots listed by Thomas of Marga are: #''Rabban'' Jacob of Lashom #John of Beth Garmai (before 628) #Paul #Kam-Isho (during the reign of Ishoyahb III, 649–659) #Beraz-Surin (during the reign of Giwargis I, 661–680) #''Rabban Mar'' Abraham #Bar Sauma (during the reign of Hnanisho I, 686–698) #Gabriel of Shahrizor, called "the Cow" (during the reign of Hnanisho I) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of The East
The Church of the East ( syc, ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ, ''ʿĒḏtā d-Maḏenḥā'') or the East Syriac Church, also called the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the Persian Church, the Assyrian Church, the Babylonian Church or the Nestorian Church, was an Eastern Christian church of the East Syriac Rite, based in Mesopotamia. It was one of three major branches of Eastern Christianity that arose from the Christological controversies of the 5th and 6th centuries, alongside the Oriental Orthodox Churches and the Chalcedonian Church. During the early modern period, a series of schisms gave rise to rival patriarchates, sometimes two, sometimes three. Since the latter half of the 20th century, three churches in Iraq claim the heritage of the Church of the East. Meanwhile, the East Syriac churches in India claim the heritage of the Church of the East in India. The Church of the East organized itself in 410 as the national church of the Sasanian Empire through the Council of Seleu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Zab
The Great Zab or Upper Zab ( (''al-Zāb al-Kabīr''), or , , ''(zāba ʻalya)'') is an approximately long river flowing through Turkey and Iraq. It rises in Turkey near Lake Van and joins the Tigris in Iraq south of Mosul. The drainage basin of the Great Zab covers approximately , and during its course, the rivers collects the water from many tributaries. The river and its tributaries are primarily fed by rainfall and snowmelt – as a result of which discharge fluctuates highly throughout the year. At least six dams have been planned on the Great Zab and its tributaries, but construction of only one, the Bekhme Dam, has commenced but was halted after the Gulf War. The Zagros Mountains have been occupied since at least the Lower Palaeolithic, and Neanderthal occupation of the Great Zab basin has been testified at the archaeological site of Shanidar Cave. Historical records for the region are available from the end of the third millennium BCE onward. In the Neo-Assyrian period ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nineveh
Nineveh (; akk, ; Biblical Hebrew: '; ar, نَيْنَوَىٰ '; syr, ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ, Nīnwē) was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia, located in the modern-day city of Mosul in northern Iraq. It is located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River and was the capital and largest city of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, as well as the largest city in the world for several decades. Today, it is a common name for the half of Mosul that lies on the eastern bank of the Tigris, and the country's Nineveh Governorate takes its name from it. It was the largest city in the world for approximately fifty years until the year 612 BC when, after a bitter period of civil war in Assyria, it was sacked by a coalition of its former subject peoples including the Babylonians, Medes, Persians, Scythians and Cimmerians. The city was never again a political or administrative centre, but by Late Antiquity it was the seat of a Christian bishop. It declined relative to Mosul during the Middle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabban Jacob
Rabban may refer to: * Glossu Rabban, a character from Frank Herbert's ''Dune'' (1965) * Joseph Rabban (8th century), Jewish merchant People with the given name Rabban: * Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (circa 838–870), Jewish scientist * Rabban Bar Sauma (circa 1220–1294), Uyghur Christian * Rabban Markos, Patriarch of the Church of the East * Simeon Rabban Ata (13th century), high representative of Syriac Christianity Jewish teachers given the title Rabban, a title traditionally given to the head of the Sanhedrin during Tannaitic times: * Rabban Yochanan ben Zakai * Rabban Gamaliel * Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel * Rabban Gamaliel II of Yavneh * Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel II Lectors in the Ancient Church of the East * Rabban Bar Sauma * Rabban Markos Yahballaha III ( 1245–13 November 1317), known in earlier years as Rabban Marcos (or Markos) or Yahballaha V, was Patriarch of the East from 1281 to 1317. As patriarch, Yahballaha headed the Church of the East du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahdona
Sahdona of Halmon ( syc, ܣܗܕܘܢܐ, literally "little martyr") also known as Sahdona of Mahoze and Sahdona the Syrian, Hellenised as Martyrius, was a 7th-century East Syriac monk, theologian and Bishop who later defected to the West Syriac Church. Biography Sahdona was born around 600 AD in the village of Halmon near Beth Nuhadra north of Nineveh. He joined the Beth Abe Monastery at his youth and took part in a delegation headed by the Catholicos Ishoyahb II to seek peace with the Byzantine Empire after the Sasanian defeat in a recent war. Around 635/640 Sahdona was shortly consecrated as the bishop of Mahoze d'Arewan. Defection It seems that Sahdona was part of a delegation to the west and was involved in a debate with the monks of a certain Non-Chalcedonian (i.e. West Syriac) monastery. The monks, defeated, suggested that their opponents see their abbot. Sahdona accepted and after the second debate declared his conversion to the West Syriac Church. He was shortly ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Dailam
Saint John of Dailam ( syr, ܝܘܚܢܢ ܕܝܠܡܝܐ '), was a 7th-century East Syriac Christian saint and monk, who founded several monasteries in Mesopotamia and Persia. According to the hagiographical ''Syriac Life of John of Dailam'', John was born in Ḥdattā, a town on the confluence of the Upper Zab and the Tigris, in AD 660. He joined the monastery of Bēṯ ʿĀbē at a young age. He was later captured by the Dailamites who were at war with the invading Arabs and was carried away to the Daylam region in southern shores of the Caspian Sea. He broke away from captivity and went on preaching in the area spreading Christianity among its inhabitants. The ''Syriac Life'' describes a miraculous intervention by John that saved the life of the daughter of the Umayyad Caliph. As a reward the monk asked for a Kharaj-free land in Fars, in south-western Persia, to build a monastery there. The ''Syriac Life'' mentions a visit by John to Bakhdida where he converted its inhabitants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shubhalishoʿ
Shubhalishoʿ ( ar, Shuwḥālīshōʿ) was an East Syriac monk, missionary and martyr of the late 8th century. According to Thomas of Margā's ''Book of Governors'', Shubhalishoʿ was an Ishmaelite (i.e., an Arab) and his native language was Arabic. He was probably a native Christian of Ḥirtā, since he was "trained in the Holy Scriptures and instructed" in Arabic literature. He was also fluent in Syriac and Persian. He became a monk at the monastery of Beth ʿAbe. There he suffered abuse at the hands of his fellow monks until the Patriarch Timothy I rebuked them. Shortly after 780, Shubhalishoʿ was commissioned by the patriarch to lead a team of monks to evangelise the regions of Daylam and Gilan. For this purpose, Timothy consecrated him metropolitan bishop of Daylam and Gilan. According to Thomas, he went "with exceedingly great splendour, for barbarian nations need to see a little worldly pomp and show to attract them ... to Christianity". This was paid for by wealthy lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giwargis II
Giwargis II ( syc, ܓܝܘܪܓܝܣ ܬܪܝܢܐ) was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 828 to 831. Sources Brief accounts of Giwargis's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (''floruit'' 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), Amr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). Modern assessments of his reign can be found in Jean-Maurice Fiey's ''Chrétiens syriaques sous les Abbassides'' and David Wilmshurst's ''The Martyred Church''. Giwargis's patriarchate The following account of Giwargis's patriarchate is given by Mari: Giwargis was a native of al-Karkh, and superior of the monastery of Beth Abe. He was a very prudent and intelligent man, but had little knowledge of doctrine. He once approached Gabriel ibn Bokhtisho, and asked him to divide equally an estate which a man had seized from him. Gabriel saw that he was a righteous man, and at his request T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham II (Nestorian Patriarch)
Abraham II was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 837 to 850. He was a monk at Beth Abe and was later appointed a bishop of Hdatta before being elected to the patriarchate. Brief accounts of Abraham's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (''floruit'' 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), Amr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). The following account of Abraham's patriarchate is given by Bar Hebraeus: Sabrisho II Sabrishoʿ II was Patriarch of the Church of the East The Patriarch of the Church of the East (also known as Patriarch of the East, Patriarch of Babylon, the Catholicose of the East or the Grand Metropolitan of the East) is the patriarch, or lea ... was succeeded by Abraham II, from the monastery of Beth Abe, who was a man pure and chaste in body but not learned, and not up to the task of governing the church. His nephew Ephrem, his sister' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Of Marga
Thomas of Marga, ( syc, ܬܐܘܡܐ ܒܪ ܝܥܩܘܒ, ') was an East Syriac bishop and author of an important monastic history in Syriac, who flourished in the 9th century CE. He was born early in the century in the region of Salakh to the north-east of Mosul. As a young man he became in 832 a monk of the monastery of Beth 'Abhe, which was situated at the confluence of the Great Zab with one of its tributaries, about 25 miles east of Mosul. A few years later he was acting as secretary to Abraham, who had been abbot of Beth 'Abhe, and was patriarch of the Church of the East from 837 to 850. At some date during these 13 years Thomas was promoted by Abraham to be bishop of the diocese of Marga in the same district as Beth 'Abhe, and afterwards he was further advanced to be a metropolitan of Beth Garmai, a district farther to the southeast in the mountains which border the Tigris basin. It was during the period of his life at Beth 'Abhe and his bishopric that he composed ''The Book of Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David, Bishop Of The Kurds
David ( syr, ܕܘܝܕ ܕܟܪ̈ܬܘܝܐ, Dawid d-Kartwāyē) was a monk, bishop and historian of the Church of the East in the 7th or 8th century. Originally a monk of Beth Abe, he later became the bishop of the Kurdish tribes in the region of Kartaw., gives the original Syriac as ''apesqopā d-Kartwāyē''. He and , both translate this "bishop of Kurdish tribes". , uses "bishop of the Kurds". , translates ''Beth Kartwaye'' as "land of the Kurds" and "Kurdistan". , glosses ''Kartewaye'' as "Kurds of Kartaw", but avol. 1 pp. ciii–cv, he writes "Kartaw Arabs". This region was located in Upper Mesopotamia, in the north of Adiabene, west of the Lower Zab and north of Erbil. He was writing no earlier than the reign of Hnanisho I, patriarch of the Church of the East from 686 to 698. David wrote in Syriac a work known as the ''Little Paradise'' ( syr, links=no, Pardīsā zʿūrā, italics=yes) to distinguish it from the '' Paradise of the Fathers'' of Palladius of Galatia and the ''Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishoyahb III
Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 649 to 659. Sources Brief accounts of Ishoʿyahb's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (thirteenth-century), and the ecclesiastical histories of the Church of the East writers Mari (twelfth-century), ʿAmr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). There are also the works he penned himself. Early career Ishoʿyahb was the son of a wealthy Persian Christian named Bastomagh, of Kuphlana in Adiabene, who was a frequent visitor to the monastery of Beth ʿAbe. He was educated at the School of Nisibis, became bishop of Nineveh, and was afterwards appointed metropolitan of Adiabene. As metropolitan of Adiabene he hindered the Jacobites from building a church in Mosul, despite the fact that they were supported by all the weight and influence of the Tagritians from Tikrit. Bar Hebraeus declares that he bribed right and left to effect this. He wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
