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Mohammed Reza Shirazi
Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad-Ridha al-Husayni al-Shirazi ( ar, محمد رضا الحسيني الشيرازي; fa, ; 1959 – June 1, 2008) was an Iraqi-Iranian Shia scholar, and the eldest son of Muhammad al-Shirazi. Mohammad Ridha Shirazi was considered to be the 'hope for the future of Islam.' The reason was mainly because of his ability to move those whose attended his lectures. It was widely understood that he would soon replace Ayatollah Sadiq al-Shirazi as Marja, and succeed as the future head of the family. Early life and education Born in Karbala, to Sayyid Muhammad al-Shirazi, and Zainab Maash. He comes from the prominent al-Shirazi family of Shia scholars, who claim ancestry from Zayd ibn Ali, the son of the fourth Shiite Imam, Ali ibn Husayn. He is the great-great grandson of Mirza Shirazi from his father's mother's side. His mother was the daughter of Muhammad-Salih Maash, a well known merchant in Karbala. Education His education began at a very young age, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayatollah
Ayatollah ( ; fa, آیتالله, āyatollāh) is an Title of honor, honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran and Iraq that came into widespread usage in the 20th century. Etymology The title is originally derived from Arabic word pre-modified with the definite article and Grammatical modifier#Premodifiers and postmodifiers, post-modified with the word ''Allah'', making ( ar, آية الله). The combination has been translated to English as 'Sign of God', 'Divine Sign' or 'Reflection of God'. It is a frequently-used term in Quran, but its usage in this context is presumably a particular reference to the verse "We shall show them Our signs on the horizons and in their own selves", while it has been also used to refer to The Twelve Imams by Shias. Variants used are ( ar, آية الله في الأنعام, lit=Sign of God among mankind), ( ar, آية الله في العالمَین, lit=Sign of God in the two worlds, Dual (grammatical number), du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirazi Family
Shirazi, an adjective meaning "from Shiraz" a city in Iran (Persia), may refer to: People * Demonym for Shiraz, a city in southwestern Iran * Shirazi people, a subgroup of the Swahili people inhabiting the Swahili Coast * Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi (1003–1083), a leading Shafi'i scholar who was the first teacher at the Nizamiyya school in Baghdad * Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236–1311), Persian polymath * Abdullah Musawi Shirazi (1892–1984), Iranian Grand Ayatollah * Ali Sayad Shirazi (1944–1999), Iranian general of the Iran-Iraq War *Hasan al-Shirazi (1935–1980), Iranian-Iraqi Ayatollah, and activist * Kamran Shirazi (born 1952), Iranian International Chess Master * Lutfullah Khan Shirazi, Mughal faujdar of Kamrup and Sylhet * Mirza Muhammad-Hassan Shirazi (1815–1895), Iranian-Iraqi grand Ayatollah widely known for his 1891 verdict against the usage of tobacco * Muhammad al-Shirazi (1928–2001), Iranian-Iraqi grand Ayatollah, and author * Muhammad-Ridha al-Shirazi (1958 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1959 Births
Events January * January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of Earth's Moon, and was also the first spacecraft to be placed in heliocentric orbit. * January 3 ** The three southernmost atolls of the Maldive archipelago ( Addu Atoll, Huvadhu Atoll and Fuvahmulah island) declare independence. ** Alaska is admitted as the 49th U.S. state. * January 4 ** In Cuba, rebel troops led by Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos enter the city of Havana. ** Léopoldville riots: At least 49 people are killed during clashes between the police and participants of a meeting of the ABAKO Party in Léopoldville in the Belgian Congo. * January 6 ** Fidel Castro arrives in Havana. ** The International Maritime Organization is inaugurated. * January 7 – The United States recognizes the new Cuban government of F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Chalabi
Ahmed Abdel Hadi Chalabi ( ar, أحمد عبد الهادي الجلبي; 30 October 1945 – 3 November 2015) was an Iraqi politician, a founder of the Iraqi National Congress (INC) who served as the President of the Governing Council of Iraq ( 37th Prime Minister of Iraq) and a Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq under Ibrahim al-Jaafari. He was interim Minister of Oil in Iraq in April–May 2005 and December 2005 – January 2006 and Deputy Prime Minister from May 2005 to May 2006. Chalabi failed to win a seat in parliament in the December 2005 elections, and when the new Iraqi cabinet was announced in May 2006, he was not given a post. Once dubbed the "George Washington of Iraq” by American supporters, he was initially a CIA-backed operative, who later fell out of favor, with US Special Forces raiding his private residence in Baghdad only one year after the invasion of Iraq, he later came under investigation by several U.S. government agencies after switching his allegian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Al-Jaafari
Ibrahim Abd al-Karim al-Eshaiker ( ar, إبراهيم عبد الكريم الأشيقر; born 25 March 1947), also known as Ibrahim al-Jaafari, is an Iraqi politician who was Prime Minister of Iraq in the Iraqi Transitional Government from 2005 to 2006, following the January 2005 election. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2014 to 2018. He was one of the two Vice Presidents of Iraq under the Iraqi Interim Government from 2004 to 2005, and he was the main spokesman for the Islamic Dawa Party. He withdrew his nomination for premiership for the permanent government. Early life and education He was born Abd al-Karim al-Eshaiker and Rahmah al-Eshaiker in Karbala on March 25, 1947. He hails from the noble Al Zheek family that claims descent from Ibrahim al-Asghar bin Musa al-Kadhim, the seventh Shia Imam. The family settled in Karbala in the early 11th-century. His great-grandfather, Mahdi bin Ali bin Baqir al-Eshaiker, led the al-Eshaiker revolt in Karbala in 1876 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahdi Hussaini Shirazi
Grand Ayatollah Mirza Mahdi al-Husayni al-Shirazi (; fa, مهدی حسینی شیرازی; 9 May 1887 – 14 February 1961), also known as Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi, was an Iraqi-Iranian Shia marja. After the death of Abu al-Hasan al-Esfehani and Hossein Tabatabaei Qomi, Mirza Mahdi was considered to be the highest ranking cleric in Karbala, and one of the highest in Iraq, along with Muhsin al-Hakim and his second cousin once removed, Abd al-Hadi al-Shirazi in Najaf. Mirza Mahdi was the Imam of the Imam Husayn Shrine. Biography Early life He was born in the city of Karbala to the prominent religious Shirazi family. His father was Mirza Habibullah al-Shirazi, and his mother was Radhiya Golshan-Shirazi (daughter of Muhib Ali Golshan-Shirazi). Mirza Mahdi is the fourth of eight children. His eldest brother, Muhammd-Sadiq, died young. The remaining two of his brothers were also clerics; his older brother, Abdullah al-Shirazi (grandfather of Ali al-Sistani's wife; also known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ja'far Sobhani
Grand Ayatollah Jafar Sobhani ( fa, جعفر سبحانی) (born 9 April 1929 in Tabriz) is an Iranian Twelver Shia marja, influential theologian and writer. Sobhani was a former member of the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom and founder of Imam Sadiq Institute in Qom. Education Ja'far Sobhani learned Arabic literature, Principles of Islamic jurisprudence in the Islamic Seminary. In 1946, he went to Islamic Seminary in Qom. In the Islamic Seminary, he took part in famous teachers' classes of Fiqh, Usool, Tafsir, and philosophy. Sobhani's important teachers were Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi, Khomeini, and Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai near 15 years. Activities * Qom Islamic Seminary's lecturer and scholar in Fiqh, Principles of Fiqh, history, and theological studies * Founder and director of ''Maktabe Islam'' magazine * Founder and director of ''Kalaame Islami'' magazine * Established an institute for theological research known as Imam Sadiq Institute * Particip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yadollah Duzduzani
This article provides the list of marjas, ''Maraji'' (plural of ''Marja'', the supreme legal authority or the source of emulation), followed by Twelver (also known as ''Imamiyyah'') Shia Muslims around the world. The concept of a ''Marja-i Taqlid'' (lit. source of emulation) is central to Usuli Shi'a Islam. ''Marja-i Taqlids'' provide religious interpretations on matters of law and rituals. Ideally, the most just and knowledgeable specialist in the field of the Islamic law should become recognized throughout the Muslim world as the ''Marja-i Taqlid''. In practice however this rarely happens and there are several marja taqlids among whom an individual is free to choose and emulate.Lara Deeb, ''An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Public Piety in Shi'i Lebanon'', Princeton University Press, pp.69-70Michael W. Suleiman,''Arabs in America: Building a New Future'', p.55, Temple University Press Those clerics who reach the apex in the hirerachy of theological rank in the centers of Shi'a learn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jawad Tabrizi
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mirza Jawad Kubar Tabrizi ( fa, ; 1926 – November 20, 2006) was an Iranian Shia marja'. Tabrizi was another prominent student of the late grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, and one of the leading religious authorities that came to light after the death of al-Khoei. Early life and education Tabrizi was born in Tabriz, to Ali Kubar, a merchant, and Fatima Sultan. He claimed descent to the Prophet Muhammad through his mother, who was a Sayyida. Education He began his academic education in school, and completed his matriculation in Tabriz. However, he did ended up changing his mind, and going to the Islamic seminary. His family were not encouraging, since at that time, the government of Pahlavi dynasty was continuously pressuring the clerical class of the country. However, his family eventually accepted his fact, and Tabrizi began his Islamic education. He travelled to Qom in 1948, and studied under the thriving seminary under the spiritual g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hossein Waheed Khorasani
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Hossein Wahid Khorasani ( fa, حسین وحید خراسانی; born Mohammad-Hossein Molla-Saleh (Persian: ); 1 January 1921) is an Iranian author and Shia marja'. He is the current head of the Qom Seminary. Khorasani is considered to be the most learned Shia religious authority alive. Early life and education Khorasani was born in Nishapur, a city 130 km west of Mashhad, to Sheikh Esmail Khorasani, a revered alim and orator. He began his religious education at an early age in Mashhad, completing his ''muqadamat'' and Arabic under Sheikh Shams and al-Muhaqiq al-Mughani in the Ba'in Ya school. He then moved to the Mirza Jafar school and completed his intermediate level studies under Sheikh Husayn Birsi, Mirza Ahmed Kifaei, Abu al-Qasim al-Hakim al-Ilahi and Sheikh Husayn-Ali al-Isfahani. He also attended the classes of Mirza Mehdi al-Isfahani, Sheikh Mahdi al-Ishtiyani and Sheikh Muhammad Nahawndi. He received an ijaza from his teacher Sayyid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ba'athist Iraq
Ba'athist Iraq, formally the Iraqi Republic until 6 January 1992 and the Republic of Iraq thereafter, covers the History of Iraq, national history of Iraq between 1968 and 2003 under the rule of the Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction), Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. This period began with high economic growth and soaring prosperity, but ended with Iraq facing social, political, and economic stagnation. The average annual income decreased both because of external factors such as the heavy sanctions placed on Iraq by Western countries and the internal policies of the Iraqi government. President of Iraq, Iraqi President Abdul Rahman Arif and Prime Minister of Iraq, Iraqi Prime Minister Tahir Yahya were ousted during the 17 July Revolution, 17 July coup d'état led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr of the Ba'ath Party, which had previously held power in 1963 and was led primarily by al-Bakr—who served as its leader—and Saddam Hussein.''Saddam (name), Saddam'', pronounced , is his personal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hawza
A hawza ( ar, حوزة) or ḥawzah ʿilmīyah ( ar, حوزة علمیة) is a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated. The word ''ḥawzah'' is found in Arabic as well as the Persian language. In Arabic, the word means "to hold something firmly". Accordingly, ''ḥawzah ʿilmīyah'' would mean a place where the firm knowledge (of the Muslim religion) is acquired. In the Persian language, ''ḥawzah'' refers to the middle part of a place or an area. ''Ḥawzah ʿilmīyah'' in Persian, therefore, means "the place of knowledge". Another meaning of the word is "circle of knowledge". Several senior Grand Ayatollahs constitute the hawza. The institutions in Najaf, Iraq and Qom, Iran, are the preeminent seminary centers for the education of Shi'a scholars. However, several smaller hawzas exist in other cities around the world, such as at Karbala, Iraq, Isfahan and Mashhad in Iran, Beirut, Lebanon, Lucknow, India, Lahore, Pakistan, Europe and North America. Law school ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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