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Mișu Dulgheru
Mișu Dulgheru (born Mihai Dulberger; January 16, 1909 – April 11, 2002) was a Romanian communist activist and spy. A clerk by trade, he rose through the secret police as the Romanian Communist Party consolidated its hold on power between 1944 and 1947, while from 1948 through 1952, he played an important role as an officer in the new ''Securitate''. Subsequently, arrested as part of a wider purge, he was released after an investigation lasting over two years, but never regained his earlier prestige. Late in life, he left his native country for Israel and, later, Canada. Biography Beginnings and detention Born into a Jewish family in Tecuci, his parents were Olga and Sache, a small businessman.Oprea, p.131 He completed three grades of secondary school and two of commercial school,Muraru, p.170 becoming a clerk and an accountant. His first job was in 1927 with the Galați branch of Banque Belge pour l'Étranger. His uncle, a grain wholesaler, then hired him as an accountant. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a predominantly Temperate climate, temperate-continental climate, and an area of , with a population of around 19 million. Romania is the List of European countries by area, twelfth-largest country in Europe and the List of European Union member states by population, sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, followed by Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov, and Galați. The Danube, Europe's second-longest river, rises in Germany's Black Forest and flows in a southeasterly direction for , before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1944 Romanian Coup D'état
The 1944 Romanian coup d'état, better known in Romanian historiography as the Act of 23 August ( ro, Actul de la 23 August), was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944. With the support of several political parties, the king removed the government of Ion Antonescu, which had aligned Romania with Nazi Germany, after the Axis front in northeastern Romania collapsed in the face of a successful Soviet offensive. The Romanian Army declared a unilateral ceasefire with the Soviet Red Army on the Moldavian front, an event viewed as decisive in the Allied advances against the Axis powers in the European theatre of World War II. The coup was supported by the Romanian Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, the National Liberal Party, and the National Peasants' Party who had coalesced into the National Democratic Bloc in June 1944. Preparations According to Silviu Brucan, the two main conspirators from the Communist Party's side were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu
Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu (; November 4, 1900 – April 17, 1954) was a Romanian communist politician and leading member of the Communist Party of Romania (PCR), also noted for his activities as a lawyer, sociologist and economist. For a while, he was a professor at the University of Bucharest. Pătrășcanu rose to a government position before the end of World War II and, after having disagreed with Stalinist tenets on several occasions, eventually came into conflict with the Romanian Communist government of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. He became a political prisoner and was ultimately executed. Fourteen years after Pătrășcanu's death, Romania's new communist leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, endorsed his rehabilitation as part of a change in policy. Early life Pătrășcanu was born in Bacău to a leading political family, as the son of Poporanist figure Dimitrie D. Pătrășcanu (Lucrețiu's mother, Lucreția, was a scion of the Stoika family of Transylvanian petty nobility). He beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danube–Black Sea Canal
The Danube–Black Sea Canal ( ro, Canalul Dunăre–Marea Neagră) is a navigable canal in Romania, which runs from Cernavodă on the Danube river, via two branches, to Constanța and Năvodari on the Black Sea. Administered from Agigea, it is an important part of the waterway link between the North Sea and the Black Sea via the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal. The main branch of the canal, with a length of , which connects the Port of Cernavodă with the Port of Constanța, was built in 1976–1984, while the northern branch, known as the Poarta Albă–Midia Năvodari Canal, with a length of , connecting Poarta Albă and the Port of Midia, was built between 1983 and 1987. Although the idea of building a navigable canal between the Danube and the Black Sea is old, the first concrete attempt was made between 1949 and 1953, when the communist authorities of the time used this opportunity to eliminate political opponents, so the canal became notorious as the site of labor cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lena Constante
Lena Constante (June 18, 1909 – November 2005) was a Romanian artist, essayist and memoirist, known for her work in stage design and tapestry. A family friend of Communist Party politician Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu, she was arrested by the Communist regime following the conflict between Pătrăşcanu and Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. She was indicted in his trial and spent twelve years as a political prisoner. Constante was the wife of the musicologist Harry Brauner, and the sister-in-law of the painter Victor Brauner. Biography Born in Bucharest, she was the daughter of an Aromanian journalist (who had immigrated from Macedonia) and his Romanian wife.Constante, in Spalas The Constante family left the city during the World War I German occupation, and Lena spent much of her childhood in Iaşi, Kherson, Odessa, London and Paris. Returning at the end of the conflict, she studied Painting at the Romanian Art Academy in Bucharest, and established friendships with leading intellect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agenția De Presă RADOR
Agenția de Presă RADOR is the largest press monitoring center in Romania, established in 1990. RADOR editors monitor news published in Romanian language and in other 15 foreign languages: from audiovisual media – 57 radio and TV stations, from the written media – 150 newspapers and news agencies on all continents. RADOR publishes news, interviews, analyses and comments grouped in specialised feeds on politics, economy, science, as well as specialised bulletins: "România văzută din străinătate" (Romania Seen From Abroad), "Români de pretutindeni" (Romanians From Everywhere), "Revista presei internaționale" (International Press Summary), "Economia mondială" (World Economy), "Economia românească" (Romanian Economy), "Cei 27 pentru Europa" (27 for Europe), "Balcanii și Marea Neagră" (The Balkans and The Black Sea), "Universul Științei" (The Universe of Science). RADOR also maintains a website. History Agenția de presă RADOR was founded on June 16, 1921, replacing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Târgșor Prison
Târgșor Prison is a prison complex in Târgșoru Nou, a component village of Ariceștii Rahtivani commune, Prahova County, located in central Muntenia, Romania. History Early days The structure was built in 1857 by the monk Rovin, who named it the Crângul Teiului Monastery. After Rovin died in 1864, the other monks abandoned the monastery, which was taken over by the Romanian Army and turned into an arsenal on orders from ''domnitor'' Alexandru Ioan Cuza. In 1882, following the registration of a very large number of refusals to perform military service, the Minister of War, Ion C. Brătianu, asked King Carol I to establish a military prison at Crângul Teiului. Two new wings were constructed, bringing the total capacity to about 800–1,000 beds (without adequate ventilation, though). At times, the prison was also used to hold common law criminals when the nearby Ploiești Penitentiary would become overcrowded. Communist era On May 8, 1948, after the Communist system was esta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandru Nicolschi
Alexandru Nicolschi (born Boris Grünberg, his chosen surname was often rendered as Nikolski or Nicolski; russian: Александр Серге́евич Никольский, ; June 2, 1915 – April 16, 1992) was a Romanian communist activist, Soviet agent and officer, and Securitate chief under the Communist regime. Active until 1961, he was one of the most recognizable leaders of violent political repression. Biography Early life Born to a Jewish family in Tiraspol, on the eastern bank of the Dniester river (part of Imperial Russia at the time), he was the son of Alexandru Grünberg, a miller. In 1932, he joined the local section of the Romanian Union of Communist Youth, a wing of the Romanian Communist Party (PCdR); in 1933, due to his political activities, he was arrested and held for two weeks by the Romanian secret police, Siguranța Statului.Deletant, p. 19 Later in the 1930s, as associates of General Secretary Vitali Holostenco, he and Vasile Luca were elected to the i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marius Oprea
Marius Oprea (; born 1964) is a Romanian historian (specialized in recent history), poet and essayist. Born in Târgovişte, he studied history at the University of Bucharest and he has a PhD with a thesis on the role and evolution of the Communist-era secret police, the Securitate between 1948 and 1964 (''Rolul şi evoluţia Securităţii, 1948-1964''). Oprea currently works as a journalist and researcher at the Romanian Institute of Recent History (IRIR). He also serves as the president of the Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania website, Marius Oprea, Dec 2009 He made his debut as a poet in the collective volume ''Pauza de respiraţie'' ("Pause for Breathing"), together with Simona Popescu, Caius Dobrescu, and Andrei Bodiu. Marius Oprea lives with his family in Braşov. Published volumes * ''Banalitatea răului'' ("The Platitude of Evil") * ''O istorie a Securităţii în docum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Republic Of Romania
The Socialist Republic of Romania ( ro, Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989. From 1947 to 1965, the state was known as the Romanian People's Republic (, RPR). The country was an Eastern Bloc state and a member of the Warsaw Pact with a dominant role for the Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its constitutions. Geographically, RSR was bordered by the Black Sea to the east, the Soviet Union (via the Ukrainian and Moldavian SSRs) to the north and east, Hungary and Yugoslavia (via SR Serbia) to the west, and Bulgaria to the south. As World War II ended, Romania, a former Axis member which had overthrown the Axis, was occupied by the Soviet Union, the sole representative of the Allies. On 6 March 1945, after mass demonstrations by communist sympathizers and political pressure from the Soviet representative of the Allied Control Commission, a new pro-Soviet government that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Internal Affairs (Romania)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Romania ( ro, Ministerul Afacerilor Interne) is one of the eighteen ministries of the Government of Romania. From 23 August 1944 to 18 March 1975 the ministry held the title of ''Minister of Internal Affairs'', between 2004 and 2007, held the title of ''Minister of Administration and Interior'', and since April 2007, ''Minister of Interior and Administrative Reform''. In December 2008, the Boc government changed the name back to ''Ministry of Administration and Interior''. Until 2006, the ministry was housed near Lipscani in ''Palatul Vama Poştei'', built between 1914 and 1926 according to the architect Statie Ciortan's plans. In 2006 the ministry moved into the former building of the Senate on Revolution Square. Subordinated structures * Romanian Police * Romanian Inspectorate for Emergency Situations * Romanian Border Police * Romanian Gendarmerie * Romanian National Archives * General Directorate for Intelligence and Internal Securit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siguranța
Siguranța was the generic name for the successive secret police services in the Kingdom of Romania. The official title of the organization changed throughout its history, with names including Directorate of the Police and General Safety ( ro, Direcția Poliției și Siguranței Generale), the Secret Intelligence Service ( ro, Serviciul Secret de Informații), the Special Intelligence Service ( ro, Serviciul Special de Informații) or simply the Intelligence Service ( ro, Serviciul de Informații), History Created in 1908, in the aftermath of a major peasant revolt, it acted as a political police, supervising, infiltrating and trying to dismantle political groupings considered undesirable by the Romanian governments. Changing its structure several times during the first half of the 20th century, it was ultimately disbanded in 1948, when Romania became a people's republic. Siguranța's role, as well as a large part of its employees, were integrated into the newly founded Departme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
