|
Mirza Hashem Amoli
Ayatollah Mirza Hashem Amoli Larijani ( fa, لاریجانی میرزا هاشم آملی; 26 February 189925 February 1993) was an Iranian Shia Marja' and scholar of jurisprudence. Biography Hashem Amoli Larijani was born on 26 February 1899 in the Pardameh village of Larijan, Mazandaran province. He studied Islamic sciences in Amol, Tehran, and Qom. In Tehran, he studied in Sepahsalar school which was managed by Hassan Modarres. In 1926, he went to Qom and stayed for six years. Mirza Hashem Amoli Larijani achieved his Ijtihadlike a PhD in university educational degree from Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi and Muhammad Hujjat Kuh-Kamari. After that Amoli migrated to Najaf seminary and stayed there for thirty years. He moved back to Qom around 1963. Amoli was the father of one daughter (Fazeleh Larijani) and five sons (Mohammad Javad Larijani, Fazel Larijani, Ali Larijani, Sadegh Larijani and Bagher Larijani), who have held positions in the government of Islamic Republic of Ira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allameh
''Allāmah'' ( ar, عَلَّامة, Urdu and , meaning "learned"), also spelled ''Allāma'' and ''Allama'' and “ Allameh “, is an Islamic honorary title for a profound scholar, a polymath, a man of vast reading and erudition, or a great learned one. The title is carried by scholars of Islamic fiqh (jurisprudence) and philosophy. It is used as an honorific in Sunni Islam as well as in Shia Islam, mostly in South Asia, the Middle East and Iran. Sunnis and Shias who have achieved scholarship in several disciplines are often referred to by the title. It is also used for philosophers, such as Allama Iqbal. See also * Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi * Shaykh al-Islām * List of ayatollahs * List of marjas Maraji are the supreme legal authority for Twelver Shia Muslims. The following articles contain lists of Maraji: * List of current Maraji'' * List of deceased Maraji'' See also * Marja' *Ijtihad *Hawza * Risalah (fiqh) *List of Ayatollahs *List ... References Arabic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ijtihad
''Ijtihad'' ( ; ar, اجتهاد ', ; lit. physical or mental ''effort'') is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question. It is contrasted with '' taqlid'' (imitation, conformity to legal precedent). According to classical Sunni theory, ''ijtihad'' requires expertise in the Arabic language, theology, revealed texts, and principles of jurisprudence ('' usul al-fiqh''), and is not employed where authentic and authoritative texts (Qur'an and Hadith) are considered unambiguous with regard to the question, or where there is an existing scholarly consensus (''ijma''). ''Ijtihad'' is considered to be a religious duty for those qualified to perform it. An Islamic scholar who is qualified to perform ''ijtihad'' is called as a "'' mujtahid''". Throughout the first five Islamic centuries, the practice of ''ijtihad'' continued both theoretically and practi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Reza Nekoonam
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Reza Nekoonam (Persian: آیت الله محمد رضا نکونام) Iranian Twelver Shi'a Clergy. Life Ayatollah Mohammad Reza Nekoonam (Persian: آیت الله محمد رضا نکونام) Iranian Twelver Shi'a Clergy, was born into the physical realm in a family with heavenly attractions and great spiritual states in Golpaygan on January 9, 1949. Since he was three, he was taught by spiritual teachers and distinguished masters of various fields, particularly, Islamic mysticism. Most of them used to live in Tehran and have been the top scholars of Iran. Arrest On 1 January 2015, Nekoonam was arrested and given a five-year prison sentence after he defended high-speed internet and called for greater internet freedoms in September 2014. He suffered a stroke while in prison. On 16 September 2017, Nekoonam was sentenced to 5 years in prison and was stripped of his priesthood. Teaching experiences Ayatollah Nekoonam has been teaching over 40 years at Qo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdollah Javadi-Amoli
Abdollah Javadi Amoli ( fa, عبدالله جوادی آملی; born ) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja. He is a conservative and principlist Iranian politician, philosopher and one of the prominent Islamic scholars of the Hawza. The official website for his scientific foundation, Isra, states that his ideas and views have been guidance to the Islamic Republic of Iran since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, and that "his strategic and enlightening guidance" has been "extremely constructive" during the past three decades. He is known as one of the biggest critics of the banking system in Iran. Early life He was born in 1933 in Amol, north of Iran to a clerical family. After finishing elementary school he joined Amol seminary in 1946 to seek religious studies. His father, Mirza Abul Hassan Vaez Javadi Amoli, was one of the scholars of Amol city. Scholarly career For five years, he studied the preliminary seminary courses as well as part of the intermediate courses under the su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naser Makarem Shirazi
Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi (, born 25 February 1927 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian Shia '' marja''' and religious leader. Biography He was born in the city of Shiraz, Iran. According to his website, his father was Ali Mohammad, his grandfather was Mohammad Karim, his forefather was Mohammad Baqer and his progenitor was Mohammad Sadeq. According to Parvaneh Vahidmanesh one of opponents of the Iranian regime, he has Jewish ancestors. He finished his school in Shiraz. He started his formal Islamic studies at the age of 14 in the Agha Babakhan Shirazi seminary. After completing the introductory studies, he started studying jurisprudence (''fiqh'') and its principles (''usool al-fiqh''). He made rapid progress and finished studying the complete levels of introductory and both the levels of the intermediate Islamic studies in approximately four years. During this time, he also taught at the Islamic seminary in Shiraz. At the age of 18, he formally entered the theological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jawad Tabrizi
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mirza Jawad Kubar Tabrizi ( fa, ; 1926 – November 20, 2006) was an Iranian Shia marja'. Tabrizi was another prominent student of the late grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, and one of the leading religious authorities that came to light after the death of al-Khoei. Early life and education Tabrizi was born in Tabriz, to Ali Kubar, a merchant, and Fatima Sultan. He claimed descent to the Prophet Muhammad through his mother, who was a Sayyida. Education He began his academic education in school, and completed his matriculation in Tabriz. However, he did ended up changing his mind, and going to the Islamic seminary. His family were not encouraging, since at that time, the government of Pahlavi dynasty was continuously pressuring the clerical class of the country. However, his family eventually accepted his fact, and Tabrizi began his Islamic education. He travelled to Qom in 1948, and studied under the thriving seminary under the spiritual gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Mofatteh
Ayatollah Mohammad Mofatteh ( fa, محمد مفتح; 1928–1979) was an Iranian philosopher, theologian, and political activist, born in Famenin, Hamadan, Iran. After he finished his primary education in Hamadan, he left for the Islamic Seminary in Qom, where he was taught by reputable teachers such as Ayatollah Muhammad Hujjat Kuh-Kamari, Ayatollah Sayyed Hossein Tabatabei Borujerdi, Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini, Ayatollah Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani, Ayatollah Marashi, and Allameh Tabatabie. He continued his studies at seminary and at the same time studied philosophy at Tehran University, where he earned his PhD and became a professor and a dean of colleague. Mofatteh was a religio-political activist who worked for unity between the seminary and the academic disciplines. Also, he had an important role in fighting against the Shah's regime and in familiarizing the new generation with Islamic issues. He was a prayer leader in Javid and Qoba Mosque wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Mohammadi Gilani
Ayatollah Mohammad Mohammadi Gilani ( fa, محمد محمدی گیلانی) (31 August 1928 – 9 July 2014) was a member of the Assembly of Experts of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He was the chief justice of the supreme court of Iran, a position different from the head of the judiciary. Gilani was a judge of Tehran's Islamic Revolutionary Court Islamic Revolutionary Court (also Revolutionary Tribunal, ''Dadgahha-e Enqelab''Bakhash, Shaul, ''Reign of the Ayatollahs'', Basic Books, 1984, p.59-61) (Persian language, Persian: دادگاه انقلاب اسلامی) is a special system of cour ... for 1980–85. Later, he was a member of the Guardian Council between 1986 and 1992. Gilani is also known for having signed the death warrants of Baha'i leaders in the years following the 1979 Islamic Revolution. References & notes External linksIran Assembly of Experts' election results announced [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad
, location = , Title = Allameh , Period = , Predecessor = , Successor = , ordination = , post = , birth_date = , birth_place = Qom, Iran , death_date = , death_place = , spouse = Fazeleh Larijani , children = 5 , website www.mdamad.com Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad ( fa, سید مصطفی محقق داماد) is an Iranian Shia cleric and scholar. Education Mostafa passed his Islamic education in Arabic literature, Quran, Hadith, Islamic philosophy, theology, and jurisprudence at the Fayzieh School in the Qom. He achieved the degree of Ijtihad in 1970. Also, he continued his modern academic education in Islamic Philosophy and graduated on 1969 from Tehran University. After that he achieved his Master of Science degree in Islamic Jurisprudence on 1980 from Tehran University. In 1996, he went to University of Louvain (UCLouvain) in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Hasan Isfahani
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Hasan al-Musawi al-Isfahani ( ar, أبوالحسن الموسوي الأصفهاني; 1861–November 4, 1946) was an Iranian- Iraqi Shia marja'. al-Isfahani became the leading marja' of the Shia world after the death of Muhammad-Hussein al-Naini. Biography al-Isfahani was born in Madiseh to Sayyid Muhammad al-Isfahani, a renowned alim of Isfahan. He passed his preliminary training in Nimarud School in Isfahan and traveled to Najaf in 1890. He joined the lessons of Akhund Khorasani, who soon recognized the talents of his disciple. al-Isfahani received his degree of Ijtihad from Khorasani. After the death of his contemporary scholar, Ayatollah Mirza Hussein Naini, he became as sole Marja' for most of Shia Muslims. Isfahani was banished to Iran for protecting Iraqi Muslims against colonial policies. Also, he had a strong position towards the incidents of the Goharshad Mosque in Mashhad. al-Isfahani had a grandson named Musa al-Musawi who studied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Hosein Na'ini
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mohammad-Hossein Naini Gharavi ( fa, ; May 25, 1860 – August 14, 1936) was Iranian Shia marja'. His father Mirza Abdol Rahim and grandfather Haji Mirza Saeed, both one were Sheikhs of Nain and Mohammad Hussein proved himself the most competent student of Ayatollah Kazem Khorasani. Ayatollah Naini is considered to be the most famous theoretician of Iran's Constitutional Revolution. He died in 1936 and was buried next to shrine of Imam Ali in Iraq. Among his works, notable references are his Dubios Habit, Vassilat'un Nijat, and Ressalat la Zarar. 50th death anniversary of Ayatollah Mirza Mohammed Hussein Naini was memorialized by issue of Stamps Tickets, in Iran, in 1987. Biography Mirza Muhammad Hossein Naini was born to a respected and religious family of Nain on 25 May 1860 ( 15 Dzulqadah 1276 Lunar Hijrah ). His father Mirza Abdol Rahim and grandfather Haji Mirza Saeed, both one after another were Sheikhs of Nain. Ayatollah Muhammad Hussein Nai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Republic Of Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. It covers an area of , making it the 17th-largest country. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz. The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
