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Mini Lisa
The ''Mini Lisa'' is a nanoscale replica of the ''Mona Lisa''. It was created in 2013 by Keith Carroll, a Georgia Institute of Technology PhD candidate, in order to demonstrate a technique called thermochemical nanolithography (TCNL) that was invented at the university. In TCNL, a tiny cantilever viewed through an atomic force microscope uses heat to activate a series of chemical reactions that create new molecules. Greater amounts of heat create more molecules which lighten the surface of the substrate, allowing a grayscale image to be created. The ''Mini Lisa'' is just wide, about a third the width of a human hair. It is roughly 1/25,000th the size of the ''Mona Lisa''. The ''Mini Lisa'' was created by making hundreds of individual points each wide. Carroll decided to recreate the ''Mona Lisa'' after a challenger claimed TCNL was not precise enough to create a work of art. He created an automated process to create any image desired based on a supplied heat map. The ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanoscopic Scale
Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). At this scale, commonly known as the nanoscale, surface area and quantum mechanical effects become important in describing properties of matter. This definition of nanotechnology includes all types of research and technologies that deal with these special properties. It is common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to research and applications whose common trait is scale. An earlier understanding of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabricating macroscale products, now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. Nanotechnology defined by scale includes fields of science such as surface science, organic chemistry, molecular biology, semiconductor physics, energy storage, engineering, microfabrication, and molecular engineering. The associated rese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mona Lisa Replicas And Reinterpretations
Leonardo da Vinci's ''Mona Lisa'' is one of the most recognizable and famous works of art in the world, and one of the most replicated and reinterpreted. ''Mona Lisa'' studio versions, copies or replicas were already being painted during Leonardo's lifetime by his own students and contemporaries. Some are claimed to be the work of Leonardo himself, and remain disputed by scholars. Prominent 20th-century artists such as Marcel Duchamp and Salvador Dalí have also produced derivative works, manipulating ''Mona Lisa'' image to suit their own aesthetic. Replicating Renaissance masterpieces continues to be a way for aspiring artists to perfect their painting techniques and prove their skills. Contemporary ''Mona Lisa'' replicas are often created in conjunction with events or exhibitions related to Leonardo da Vinci, for publicity. Her portrait, public domain and outside of copyright protection, has also been used to make political statements. Aside from countless print-reproductions of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mona Lisa
The ''Mona Lisa'' is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, it has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, [and] the most parodied work of art in the world." The painting's novel qualities include the subject's enigmatic expression, monumentality of the composition, the subtle modelling of forms, and the atmospheric Illusionism (art), illusionism. The painting has been traditionally considered to depict the Italian noblewoman Lisa del Giocondo. It is painted in oil on a Populus alba, white poplar panel painting, panel. Leonardo never gave the painting to the Giocondo family. It was believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. King Francis I of France acquired the ''Mona Lisa'' after Leonardo's death in 1519, and it is now the property of the French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgia Institute Of Technology
The Georgia Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Georgia Tech, GT, and simply Tech or the Institute) is a public university, public research university and Institute of technology (United States), institute of technology in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Established in 1885, it has the largest student enrollment of the University System of Georgia, University System of Georgia institutions and satellite campuses Georgia Tech Savannah, in Savannah, Georgia, and Georgia Tech Europe, Metz, France. The school was founded as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction era of the United States, Reconstruction efforts to build an industrial economy in the Southern United States after the American Civil War, Civil War. Initially, it offered only a degree in mechanical engineering. By 1901, its curriculum had expanded to include electrical, civil, and chemical engineering. In 1948, the school changed its name to reflect its evolution from a Vocational school, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermochemical Nanolithography
Thermochemical nanolithography (TCNL) or thermochemical scanning probe lithography (tc-SPL) is a scanning probe microscopy-based nanolithography technique which triggers thermally activated chemical reactions to change the chemical functionality or the phase of surfaces. Chemical changes can be written very quickly through rapid probe scanning, since no mass is transferred from the tip to the surface, and writing speed is limited only by the heat transfer rate. TCNL was invented in 2007 by a group at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Riedo and collaborators demonstrated that TCNL can produce local chemical changes with feature sizes down to 12 nm at scan speeds up to 1 mm/s. TCNL was used in 2013 to create a nano-scale replica of the Mona Lisa "painted" with different probe tip temperatures. Called the ''Mini Lisa'', the portrait measured , about 1/25,000th the size of the original. Technique The AFM thermal cantilevers are generally made from a silicon wafers usin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantilever
A cantilever is a rigid structural element that extends horizontally and is unsupported at one end. Typically it extends from a flat vertical surface such as a wall, to which it must be firmly attached. Like other structural elements, a cantilever can be formed as a beam, plate, truss, or slab. When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment. Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without additional support. In bridges, towers, and buildings Cantilevers are widely found in construction, notably in cantilever bridges and balconies (see corbel). In cantilever bridges, the cantilevers are usually built as pairs, with each cantilever used to support one end of a central section. The Forth Bridge in Scotland is an example of a cantilever truss bridge. A cantilever in a traditionally timber framed building is called a jetty or forebay. In the sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grayscale Image
In digital photography, computer-generated imagery, and colorimetry, a greyscale (more common in Commonwealth English) or grayscale (more common in American English) image is one in which the value of each pixel is a single sample (signal), sample representing only an ''amount'' of light; that is, it carries only luminous intensity, intensity information. Grayscale images, are black-and-white or gray monochrome, and composed exclusively of shades of gray. The contrast (vision), contrast ranges from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest. Grayscale images are distinct from one-bit bi-tonal black-and-white images, which, in the context of computer imaging, are images with only two colors: black and white (also called ''bilevel'' or ''binary images''). Grayscale images have many shades of gray in between. Grayscale images can be the result of measuring the intensity of light at each pixel according to a particular weighted combination of frequencies (or wavelen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ansel Adams
Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American landscape photographer and environmentalist known for his Monochrome photography, black-and-white images of the American West. He helped found Group f/64, an association of photographers advocating "pure" photography which favored Deep focus, sharp focus and the use of the full Dynamic range#Photography, tonal range of a photograph. He and Fred R. Archer, Fred Archer developed a system of image-making called the Zone System, a method of achieving a desired final print through a technical understanding of how the tonal range of an image is the result of choices made in Exposure (photography), exposure, Negative (photography), negative development, and Photographic printing, printing. Adams was a life-long advocate for Nature conservation, environmental conservation, and his photographic practice was deeply entwined with this advocacy. At age 14, he was given his first camera during his first visit to Yosemi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Langmuir (journal)
''Langmuir'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1985 and is published by the American Chemical Society. It is the leading journal focusing on the science and application of systems and materials in which the interface dominates structure and function. Research areas covered include surface and colloid chemistry. Langmuir publishes original research articles, invited feature articles, perspectives, and editorials. The title honors Irving Langmuir, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. The founding editor-in-chief was Arthur W. Adamson. Abstracting and indexing ''Langmuir'' is indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, Scopus, EBSCOhost, British Library, PubMed, Web of Science The Web of Science (WoS; previously known as Web of Knowledge) is a paid-access platform that provides (typically via the internet) access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedi ..., and SwetsWise. Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2013 In Art
The year 2013 in art involved various significant events. Events * March 9 – The identification of ''Portrait of Olivia Porter'' as an original work of the 1630s by Anthony van Dyck, Sir Anthony van Dyck is announced. It is in the collection of the Bowes Museum, County Durham, England. * March 18 – The identification of ''Self-portrait wearing a white feathered bonnet'' as an original work of 1635 by Rembrandt is announced. Hanging in Buckland Abbey, Devon, England, it is the only painting by this artist in the collection of the British National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty to whom it was gifted in 2010. * April – The philanthropist and art collector Leonard Lauder promises for donation his important collection of Cubist works by artists including Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and Juan Gris estimated to be valued at over one billion US dollars to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. * April 13 – The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam is re-op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2013 In Science
A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2013, including the discovery of numerous Earthlike exoplanets, the development of viable lab-grown ears, teeth, livers and blood vessels, and the atmospheric entry of the Chelyabinsk meteor, most destructive meteor since 1908. The year also saw successful new treatments for diseases such as HIV, Usher syndrome and leukodystrophy, and a major expansion in the use and capabilities of technologies such as 3D printing and autonomous cars. The United Nations designated 2013 the International observance#2010s, International Year of Water Cooperation. Events, discoveries and inventions January * 2 January ** A study by Caltech astronomers reports that the Milky Way Galaxy contains at least one planet per star, resulting in approximately 100–400 billion exoplanets. The study, based on planets orbiting the star Kepler-32, suggests that planetary systems may be the norm around stars in our galaxy. ** Astronomers report the discov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
