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Military Governor (Russia)
The Military Governor (russian: Военный губернатор) was the highest government and military official in a Governorate (Russia), Governorate or Oblast, who was also the commander of troops in his area in the Russian Empire until 1917. History The appointment of military commanders to administrative positions, while maintaining their military duties began in the 16th century. Voivode, Voivods were appointed to Ukraine, Ukrainian cities with military administrative authority. The name of the Military Governor appeared only in 1801, when, following the accession to the throne of Emperor Alexander I of Russia, Alexander I, the Military Governors were appointed in five border provinces (Kiev Governorate, Podolian Governorate, Vilna Governorate-General, Lithuania Governorate-General, Little Russia Governorate and Belarusian Governorate).Encyclopedia of Military and Marine Sciences / Edited by: Heinrich Leer. Volume I. Bezobravo Printing House and Comp.: St. Petersburg. 188 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governorate (Russia)
A governorate, gubernia, province, or government ( rus, губе́рния, p=ɡʊˈbʲɛrnʲɪjə, also romanized ; uk, губернія, huberniia), was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the empire was ended by revolution, they remained as subdivisions in Belarus, the Russian republic, Ukraine, and in the Soviet Union from its formation until 1929. The term is also translated as ''government'', ''governorate'', or ''province''. A governorate was ruled by a governor (, ''gubernator''), a word borrowed from Latin , in turn from Greek . Selected governorates were united under an assigned governor general such as the Grand Duchy of Finland, Congress Poland, Russian Turkestan and others. There also were military governors such as Kronstadt, Vladivostok, and others. Aside from governorates, other types of divisions were oblasts (region) and okrugs (district). First reform This subdivision type was created by the edict (ukase) of Peter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus Krai
Caucasus Krai (russian: Кавказский край) was an administrative division (a ''krai'') of the Russian Empire. It was established in 1844. From that time until 1882 the head of the region (krai) was Viceroy-namestnik (russian: наместник), during 1882–1905 '' glavnoupravlyayushchiy'' or '' glavnonachalstvuyushchy'' (russian: главноуправляющий or главноначальствующий), and in 1905–1917 again ''namestnik A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the French word ''roy'', meaning "k ...''. References * Национальные окраины Российской империи: становление и развитие системы управления. М., 1998. * Кавказский край. Кутаисское генерал-губернаторст ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakhalin
Sakhalin ( rus, Сахали́н, r=Sakhalín, p=səxɐˈlʲin; ja, 樺太 ''Karafuto''; zh, c=, p=Kùyèdǎo, s=库页岛, t=庫頁島; Manchu: ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ, ''Sahaliyan''; Orok: Бугата на̄, ''Bugata nā''; Nivkh: Yh-mif) is the largest island of Russia. It is north of the Japanese archipelago, and is administered as part of the Sakhalin Oblast. Sakhalin is situated in the Pacific Ocean, sandwiched between the Sea of Okhotsk to the east and the Sea of Japan to the west. It is located just off Khabarovsk Krai, and is north of Hokkaido in Japan. The island has a population of roughly 500,000, the majority of which are Russians. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs, who are now present in very small numbers. The Island's name is derived from the Manchu word ''Sahaliyan'' (ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ). Sakhalin was once part of China during the Qing dynasty, although Chinese control was relaxed at times. Sakhalin was l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transcaspian Oblast
The Transcaspian Oblast (russian: Закаспійская область), or just simply Transcaspia (russian: Закаспія), was the section of Russian Empire and early Soviet Russia to the east of the Caspian Sea during the second half of the 19th century until 1924. It was bounded to the south by Iran's Khorasan Province and Afghanistan, to the north by the former Russian province of Uralsk, and to the northeast by the former Russian protectorates of Khiva and Bukhara. Area, 212,545 sq. miles. Part of Russian Turkestan, Transcaspian Oblast corresponds roughly to the territory of present-day Turkmenistan and southwestern of Kazakhstan. The name of the oblast (literally, "Beyond Caspian") is explained by the fact that until the construction of the Trans-Aral Railway in the early 20th century the easiest way to reach this oblast from central Russia (or from Russian Transcaucasia) was across the Caspian Sea, by boat from Astrakhan or Baku. Former administrative division ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turgay Oblast (Russian Empire)
Turgai (also spelled Turgay or Turgaj) was an oblast (province) in Imperial Russia, established on October 21, 1868. It was located in the central part of present-day Kazakhstan. Its land area was . The site of administration was located in Orenburg, outside the borders of the oblast, since there was no town within it suitable for accommodation of the administration. Governors The chief authority of the Oblast was a military governor. The military governors of Turgay Oblast were: * 1869-1877 Lev Fyodorovich Balluzek (Louis Heinrich von Balluseck); * 1877-1878 Alexander Konstantinovich Geynts (Heinz); * 1878-1883 Alexander Petrovich Konstantinovich; * 1883-1887 Alexander Petrovich Protsenko; * 1887-1899 Yakov Feodorovich Barabash; * 1900-1908 Asinkrit Asinkritovich Lomachevsky; * 1908-1910 Ivan Mikhaylovich Strakhovsky; * 1910-1917 Mikhail Mikhaylovich Eversman. Demographics As of 1897, 453,416 people populated the oblast. Kazakhs constituted the majority of the population. Sig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ural Oblast (Russian Empire)
The Ural Oblast (Russian: Уральская область; Eng: ''Uralskaya Oblast'') was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day western Kazakhstan. It was created out of the territories of the former Kazakh khanate. Demographics As of 1897, 684,590 people populated the oblast. Kazakhs constituted the majority of the population. Significant minorities consisted of Russians and Tatars. Total Turkic speaking were 478,695 (74,2%). Ethnic groups in 1897 References {{coord, 51.2333, N, 51.3667, E, source:wikidata, display=title Ural Oblast (Russian Empire), Oblasts of the Russian Empire Kazakhstan in the Russian Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Turkestan
Russian Turkestan (russian: Русский Туркестан, Russkiy Turkestan) was the western part of Turkestan within the Russian Empire’s Central Asian territories, and was administered as a Krai or Governor-Generalship. It comprised the oasis region to the south of the Kazakh Steppe, but not the protectorates of the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva. History Establishment Although Russia had been pushing south into the steppes from Astrakhan and Orenburg since the failed Khivan expedition of Peter the Great in 1717, the beginning of the Russian conquest of Turkestan is normally dated to 1865. That year the Russian forces took the city of Tashkent under the leadership of General Mikhail Chernyayev expanding the territories of Turkestan Oblast (part of Orenburg Governorate-General). Chernyayev had exceeded his orders (he only had 3,000 men under his command at the time) but Saint Petersburg recognized the annexation in any case. This was swiftly followe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samarkand Oblast
The Samarkand Oblast (russian: Самаркандская область) was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire between 1868 and 1924. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day central Uzbekistan and northwestern Tajikistan. It was created out of the northeastern part of Emirate of Bukhara. It consisted of the uyezds of Samarkand (incl. cities Samarkand and Pendzhikent), Dzhizak (incl. city Dzhizak), Katta-Kurgan (incl. city Katta-Kurgan) and Khodzhent (incl. cities Khodzhent and Uratyube). Demographics As of 1897, 860,021 people populated the oblast. Uzbeks constituted the majority of the population. Significant minorities consisted of Tajiks and Kazakhs. Turkic speaking population amounted to 609,204 (70,8%) people. Ethnic groups in 1897 Russian Revolution On April 30, 1918, the region became a part of Turkestan ASSR. On October 27, 1924 as a result of the national-territorial reorganisation of Central Asia, the Samarkand region became a part of the Uzbek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fergana Oblast
The Fergana Oblast (russian: Ферганская область; uz, Fargʻona viloyati) was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day Fergana Valley. It was created in 1876 when the territories of the former Khanate of Kokand were annexed to Russia (except for the oblasts of Syr-Darya Oblast and Semirechye Oblast, which were part of the khanate before Russian conquest between 1853 and 1865). Its administrative center was the city of Kokand. The Oblast was disbanded after the Russian Revolution and on April 30, 1918 the region became a part of the Turkestan ASSR. Administrative division As of 1897, the Fergana Oblast was divided into 5 uyezds: Demographics As of 1897, 1,572,214 people populated the oblast. Turkic speaking Sarts (Today called Uzbeks) constituted the majority of the population. Significant minorities consisted of Kyrgyz and Tajiks Tajiks ( fa, تاجيک، تاجک, ''Tājīk, Tājek''; tg, Тоҷик) ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syr-Darya Oblast
Syr-Darya Oblast (russian: Сырдарьинская область) was one of the oblasts of the Russian Empire, a part of Russian Turkestan. Its center was Tashkent. History The Syr-Darya Oblast was founded after annexing the northwestern part of Khanate of Kokand, Chimkent ( established in 1709, declaring independence from Emirate of Bukhara) and the northwestern part of Khanate of Khiva (for Amu Darya Okrug at present Karakalpakstan) in 1867. Khiva was Khivan campaign of 1873, conquered by the Russians in 1873 who made Sayyid Muhammad Rahim Bahadur Khan II vassal ruler of the region. From 1905, Pan-Turkism, Pan-Turkist ideologues like Ismail Gasprinski aimed to bridge differences among the peoples who spoke Turkic languages, uniting them into one government. This idea was supported by Vladimir Lenin, and on April 30, 1918, with support of the Bolshevik, Bolsheviks in Tashkent, the Turkestan ASSR, Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was established with Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor-Generalship Of The Steppes
Governor-Generalship of the Steppes, or General Government of the Steppes (Степное генерал-губернаторство in Russian), was a portion of Imperial Russian Central Asia which included both much of modern Eastern and Central Kazakhstan (formerly known as the Kirghiz Steppe) and the region around Omsk, which was formerly part of western Siberia. It consisted of four or five provinces: Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk, Turgai, Uralsk and from 1882 to 1899 Semirechensk, having a total area of and a total population of 3,454,000 (both including Semirechensk) in 1897. Omsk was the capital. References * {{EB1911 article with no significant updates Steppes In physical geography, a steppe () is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes. Steppe biomes may include: * the montane grasslands and shrublands biome * the temperate grassland ... Kazakhstan in the Russian Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semirechye Oblast
The Semirechyenskaya Oblast (russian: Семиреченская область) was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire. It corresponded approximately to most of present-day southeastern Kazakhstan and northeastern Kyrgyzstan. It was created out of the territories of the northern part of the Khanate of Kokand that had been part of the Kazakh Khanate. The name "Semirechye" ("Seven Rivers") itself is the direct Russian translation of the historical region of Jetysu. Its site of government was Verniy (now named Almaty). The Russian government seized the Semirechyenskaya region in 1854, and created the province the same year. It was administered as part of Governor-Generalship of the Steppes (before 1882 it was known as the Governor-Generalship of the Western Siberia) between 1854 and 1867 and again between 1882 and 1899, and part of Russian Turkistan between 1867 and 1882 and again between 1899 and 1917. Russian control of the region was recognized by the Treaty of Saint Peter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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