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Military Cross (Poland)
The Military Cross ''(Polish:Krzyż Wojskowy)'' is a military decoration awarded to soldiers of the Polish Armed Forces, as well as civilians for meritorious actions against terrorism, or in peacekeeping and stabilization missions. It is the non-warlike equivalent of the Cross of Valour. History The Military Cross was established by the Law of 14 June 2007, which amended the Act of 16 October 1992, concerning medals and decorations. This law saw the creation of the Military Cross along with the Military Cross of Merit, Navy Cross of Merit, Air Force Cross of Merit and the Medal for Long Service. The change was implemented on 9 October 2007. According to the previously mentioned law, "The Military Cross has the distinction of being the reward for acts of bravery and courage made during operations against acts of terrorism in the country, or during use of the Polish Armed Forces outside the country in time of peace." In the order of precedence of Polish medals it ranks behind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Poland
The president of Poland ( pl, Prezydent RP), officially the president of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), is the head of state of Poland. Their rights and obligations are determined in the Constitution of Poland. The president heads the executive branch. In addition, the president has a right to dissolve parliament in certain cases, can veto legislation and represents Poland in the international arena. History The first president of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz, was sworn in as president of the Second Polish Republic on 11 December 1922. He was elected by the National Assembly (the Sejm and the Senate) under the terms of the 1921 March Constitution. Narutowicz was assassinated on 16 December 1922. Previously Józef Piłsudski had been "Chief of State" (''Naczelnik Państwa'') under the provisional Small Constitution of 1919. In 1926 Piłsudski staged the " May Coup", overthrew President Stanisław Wojciechowski and had the National Assembly elec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of National Defence (Poland)
Ministry of National Defense (Polish: ''Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej, MON'') is the office of government in Poland under the Minister of National Defense. It is responsible for the organization and management of the Polish Armed Forces. During the Second Polish Republic and World War II it was called the Ministry of Military Affairs (''Ministerstwo Spraw Wojskowych''). Ministry budget for 2022 was 140 billion PLN. History The beginning of the Ministry of Defense's operations is connected with the 1775 establishment of the Military Department within the Permanent Council. In 1789, the Military Commission of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was established, and from the Constitution of 3 May 1791 was under the Guardians of the Laws. Between 1793-94, the department was restored in the Supreme National Council. When Warsaw became part of the Kingdom of Prussia after the Third Partition of Poland in 1795), the Prussian Ministry of War headquarters was moved into the local Coppe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Protection Bureau
The Government Protection Bureau or Bureau of Government Protection ( pl, 'Biuro Ochrony Rządu, BOR ', ) was Poland's equivalent of the United States Secret Service, providing antiterrorism and VIP security services for the Polish government. On February 1, 2018, the bureau was disbanded and a new State Protection Service ( pl, Służba Ochrony Państwa, SOP) was formed in its place, absorbing its manpower and functions (security of incumbent and former Presidents of Poland, high ranking state officials, institutions and Polish embassies and consulates abroad). Subjects of protection * President of the Republic of Poland * Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland * Marshal of the Sejm * Marshal of the Senate * Deputy Prime Ministers * Minister of Foreign Affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Guard (Poland)
The Polish Border Guard ( pl, Straż Graniczna, also abbreviated as SG) is a state security agency tasked with patrolling the Polish border. It existed in the Second Republic era from 1928 to 1939 and was reestablished in the modern-day Third Republic in 1990, going into operation the following year. During the communist era lasting from 1945 to 1989, the role of the border guard was carried out by the Border Protection Troops (). History 1928–1939 The Straż Graniczna was founded in 1928. During the times of the Second Polish Republic, it was responsible for northern, western and southern border of Poland (with Germany, Free City of Danzig, sea border, Czechoslovakia and Romania). Eastern border, often raided by military bands supported by Soviet Union was under the jurisdiction of a separate, military formation (Border Protection Corps, ). Responsibilities of Straż Graniczna included: * prevention of illegal crossing of the land and sea border by people and goods (sm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Anticorruption Bureau
The Central Anticorruption Bureau (CBA, pl, Centralne Biuro Antykorupcyjne) is a division of the Polish government, reporting to the Prime Minister of Poland, responsible for addressing corruption in Poland. Located in Warsaw, the CBA has been functional since 24 July 2006, having been activated by the June 2006 Central Anticorruption Bureau Bill. While it works in both public and private sectors, it is particularly focused on combatting corruption in State and self-government institutions. Its scope includes both investigating criminal corruption and preventing corruption which is not yet criminal. It is given the duty of informing the Prime Minister, the President of Poland and the National Assembly of the Republic of Poland The parliament of Poland is the bicameral legislature of Poland. It is composed of an upper house (the Senate) and a lower house (the Sejm). Both houses are accommodated in the ''Sejm'' complex in Warsaw. The Constitution of Poland does not ref ... of ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agencja Wywiadu
The Foreign Intelligence Agency ( pl, Agencja Wywiadu (; or ) is a Polish intelligence agency tasked with the gathering of public and secret information abroad for the Republic of Poland. It was created in 2002 from the reform and split of , which was split into () and (). The current Head of the Foreign Intelligence Agency is Lieutenant colonel Piotr Krawczyk. Roles The Foreign Intelligence Agency usually operates out of the territory of the Republic of Poland. Its activity within the territory of the Republic of Poland may be conducted only within a limited scope, exclusively in connection with its activity out of the state's frontiers. The roles of the Foreign Intelligence Agency include: * Obtaining, analyzing, processing and forwarding information that may be significant to the security and international position of the Republic of Poland, as well as to its economic potential; * Recognizing and counteracting external threats to the security, defense, independence and inv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
The Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego (ABW), officially the Internal Security Agency (ISA) in English, is Poland's domestic counter-intelligence agency. The ABW is responsible for analyzing, reporting and preventing threats to Poland's internal security, including terrorism, foreign espionage, arms smuggling, drug trafficking, organized crime, corruption and economic coercion. Its powers include arresting individuals, conducting searches and investigations, and combating terrorism with a specialized armed anti-terrorist force. The ABW is headquartered on ul. Rakowiecka in the Mokotów district of Warsaw. As part of its institutional hierarchy, the Head of the ABW reports directly to the Prime Minister of Poland, who in turn provides oversight of the ABW, or can appoint a special minister to coordinate intelligence and security activities for oversight. The ABW is considered by the government of Poland to be one of the nation's special services. History The ABW was created ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of The Interior And Administration (Poland)
Ministry of the Interior and Administration ( pl, Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji) is an administration structure controlling main administration and security branches of the Polish government. After Parliamentary Election on 9 October 2011 was transformed for two ministries: Ministry of Interior (Minister: Jacek Cichocki) and Ministry of Administration and Digitization (Minister: Michał Boni). It was recreated in late 2015. History and function The ministry was founded in 1918 as the Ministry of Internal Affairs (''Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych''). During a reform of the Polish government in 1996 the administration branch was merged into the Ministry and it was renamed to its current name (on 24 December). That was one of the most important governmental cabinet positions in Poland, The ministry was responsible for the following: * The general interior security of the country, with respect to criminal acts or natural catastrophes ** including the major l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sejm Of The Republic Of Poland
The Sejm (English: , Polish: ), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Polish: ''Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the transition of government in 1989. Along with the upper house of parliament, the Senate, it forms the national legislature in Poland known as National Assembly ( pl, Zgromadzenie Narodowe). The Sejm is composed of 460 deputies (singular ''deputowany'' or ''poseł'' – "envoy") elected every four years by a universal ballot. The Sejm is presided over by a speaker called the "Marshal of the Sejm" (''Marszałek Sejmu''). In the Kingdom of Poland, the term "''Sejm''" referred to an entire two-chamber parliament, comprising the Chamber of Deputies ( pl, Izba Poselska), the Senate and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. The 1573 Henrician Articles strengthened the assembly's jurisdiction, making Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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