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Military-Revolutionary Committee
The Military Revolutionary Committee (russian: Военно-революционный комитет, ) was the name for military organs created by the Bolsheviks under Soviet (council), the soviets in preparation for the October Revolution (October 1917 – March 1918).Military Revolutionary Committees Great Soviet Encyclopedia. The committees were powerful directing bodies of revolt, installing and securing the Soviet power. They executed a role of provisional extraordinary organs of Proletariat, proletarian power. The most notable ones were those of the Petrograd Soviet, the Moscow Soviet, and at Stavka. The Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee was created on . Creation The idea for organization of the armed revolt battle center belongs to Lenin, Vladimir Lenin. In his lette ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Committee (Soviet Union)
{{no footnotes, date=May 2016A revolutionary committee or revkom (russian: Революционный комитет, ревком) were Bolshevik-led organizations in Soviet Russia and other Soviet republics established to serve as provisional governments and temporary Soviet administrations in territories under the control of the Red Army in 1918–1920, during the Russian Civil War and foreign military intervention. The forms of their work were inherited from Military Revolutionary Committees of the Russian Revolution of 1917. The name was borrowed from the history of the French Revolution, where ''comités révolutionnaires'' were created, the superior ones being the Committee of Public Safety and Committee of General Security. Revolutionary committees were often created in anticipation of the advances of the Red Army. In some cases they were created in places remote from the intended place of action, as was the case with the Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee. In othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolay Muralov
Nikolay Ivanovich Muralov (russian: Николай Иванович Муралов; 7 December 1877 – 1 February 1937) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader and military commander in Russia, who after 1923 became a member of the Left Opposition. Muralov was a direct participant in both the Revolution of 1905 and the October Revolution of 1917. A personal friend of Leon Trotsky, Muralov was arrested in 1936 during the Great Terror and was a defendant in the so-called "Trial of the Seventeen" in January 1937, after which he was executed. The official Soviet reckoning of Muralov was softened during the 1960s and he was afforded a full posthumous rehabilitation in 1986. Biography Early years Nikolay Ivanovich Muralov was born in 1877 on a farm ''(khutor)'' near Taganrog, a port city on the Sea of Azov.Nikolay Muralov, "Autobiography," in Georges Haupt and Jean-Jacques Marie, ''Makers of the Russian Revolution: Biographies of Bolshevik Leaders.'' 969C.I.P. Ferdinand and D.M. Bellos, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgy Oppokov
Georgy Ippolitovich Oppokov (russian: Гео́ргий Ипполи́тович Оппо́ков; also known as Afanasi Lomov) (28 January 1888 – 2 September 1937) was a prominent Bolshevik leader, Soviet politician and the first People's Commissar for Justice of Soviet Russia. Early career Georgi Oppokov was born in Saratov, the son of a bank manager and member of the minor nobility. He joined the Bolsheviks as a schoolboy, in 1903, and led a combat squad in Saratov during the 1905 revolution. In 1907-08, he was a member of the Moscow committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Arrested in July 1910, he was exiled to the Arkhangelsk region for three years. Released in February 1913, under an amnesty to mark the tricentenary of the Romanov dynasty, he returned to Moscow, and was one of the founders of the metal workers' union. He was expelled from Moscow in 1914, and returned to Saratov, where he was arrested in April 1916, and deported to Irkutsk. Post-revoluti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Kingissepp
Viktor Eduard Kingissepp ( in Karmel (now ) – 4 May 1922 in Tallinn) was an Estonian communist politician, the leader of the Estonian Communist Party. The son of a factory worker, he joined a Marxist circle as a schoolboy in Arensburg (now ) (which was renamed Kingissepp in 1952, but was restored to its original Estonian name in 1988), and organised the Estonian section of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, in St Petersburg. During the war with Germany, he was put in charge of a medical train on the Western Front. After the February revolution, he returned to Petrograd (as St Petersburg was now named), and joined the Bolsheviks and the Red Guards. After the Bolshevik Revolution, he was deputy chairman of the Estonian Revolutionary Soviet in Reval (now ), but fled back to Petrograd after Estonia was occupied by the German army. He joined the Cheka, and in August 1918 carried out the arrest of Fanny Kaplan, who had shot and attempted to kill Lenin. He returned to Esto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaan Anvelt
Jaan Anvelt (also known by the pseudonyms Eessaare Aadu, Jaan Holm, Jaan Hulmu, Kaarel Maatamees, Onkel Kaak; in Russian or ; 18 April 1884 – 11 December 1937), was an Estonian Bolshevik revolutionary and writer. He served the Russian SFSR, was a leader of the Communist Party of Estonia, the first premier of the Soviet Executive Committee of Estonia, and the chairman of the Council of The Commune of the Working People of Estonia ( Estonian ''Eesti Töörahva Kommuun''). Imprisoned during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge in 1937, he died from the injuries sustained during a beating by Aleksandr Langfang while in NKVD custody. Early life Anvelt was born to a peasant family in Oorgu, Võisiku Parish (now Viljandi Parish), Kreis Fellin, Governorate of Livonia. He studied to become a schoolteacher, beginning in Dorpat (now Tartu), and then in St. Petersburg, where he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party's Bolshevik faction. He was employed as a schoolteacher from 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cēsis
Cēsis (), (german: Wenden, liv, Venden, et, Võnnu, pl, Kieś) is a town in Latvia located in the northern part of the Vidzeme Upland, Central Vidzeme Upland. Cēsis is on the Gauja, Gauja River valley, and is built on a series of ridges above the river overlooking the woods below. Cēsis was one of the candidate cities for the title of European Capital of Culture, European Capital of Culture 2014 (Riga was the Latvian city that won the title). Castle The oldest settlement in Cēsis is the hillfort on List of hillforts in Latvia, Riekstu hill, a fortified wooden castle built by a tribe known as the Vends. The mound with its partly preserved fortification system can still be seen in the Castle Park. This settlement was located near major trade routes from west to east and dominated the regional countryside. German crusaders known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword began construction of a castle ''Wenden'' near the hill fort in 1209. When the castle was enlarged and f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jānis Čarin
Jānis is a Latvian masculine given name. The first written use of the name Jānis dates back to 1290. It may refer to: *Jānis Ādamsons (born 1956), Latvian politician *Jānis Akuraters (1876–1937), Latvian poet, writer, playwright and politician *Jānis Andersons (born 1986), Latvian ice hockey defenceman *Jānis Balodis (1881–1965), Latvian army general and politician *Jānis Frīdrihs Baumanis (1834–1891), Latvian architect *Jānis Bebris (1917–1969), Latvian footballer * Jānis Beinarovičs (1907–1967), Latvian wrestler * Jānis Bērziņš (1889–1938), Latvian and Soviet communist military official and politician * Jānis Bērziņš (born 1993), Latvian basketball player * Jānis Birks (born 1956), Latvian politician *Jānis Blūms (born 1982), Latvian professional basketball player *Jānis Bojārs (born 1956), Latvian shot putter *Jānis Brikmanis (1940–2019), Latvian zoologist, environmental conservationist, radio and television presenter, and writer *Jānis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1952) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953). Initially governing the country as part of a collective leadership, he consolidated power to become a dictator by the 1930s. Ideologically adhering to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, he formalised these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies are called Stalinism. Born to a poor family in Gori in the Russian Empire (now Georgia), Stalin attended the Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He edited the party's newspaper, ''Pravda'', and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings and protection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felix Dzerzhinsky
Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky ( pl, Feliks Dzierżyński ; russian: Фе́ликс Эдму́ндович Дзержи́нский; – 20 July 1926), nicknamed "Iron Felix", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and official, born into Poland, Polish nobility. From 1917 until his death in 1926, Dzerzhinsky led the first two Soviet National Security, state-security organizations, the Cheka and the OGPU, establishing a Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies, secret police for the Russian Revolution, post-revolutionary Sovnarkom, Soviet regime. He was one of the architects of the Red Terror and decossackization. Early life Felix Dzerzhinsky was born on 11 September 1877 to ethnically Poles, Polish parents of noble descent, at the Dzerzhinovo family estate, about from the small town of Ivyanets in the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Belarus). In the Russian Empire, his family was of a type known as "Uradel, column-listed nobility" (russian: столбовое двор ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakov Sverdlov
Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (russian: Яков Михайлович Свердлов; 3 June Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O._S._22_May.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O. S. 22 May">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O. S. 22 May 1885 – 16 March 1919) was a Bolshevik Party administrator and chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee from 1917 to 1919. He is sometimes regarded as the first head of state of the Soviet Union, although it was not established until 1922, three years after his death. Born in Nizhny Novgorod to a Jewish family active in revolutionary politics, Sverdlov joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1902 and supported Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction during an ideological split. He was active in the Urals during the failed Revolution of 1905, and in the next decade, he was subjected to constant imprisonment an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moisei Uritsky
Moisei Solomonovich Uritsky ( ua, Мойсей Соломонович Урицький; russian: Моисей Соломонович Урицкий; – 30 August 1918) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader in Russia. After the October Revolution, he was Chief of Cheka of the Petrograd Soviet. Uritsky was assassinated by Leonid Kannegisser, a military cadet, who was executed shortly afterwards. Family Uritsky was born in the city of Cherkasy, Kiev Governorate, to a Jewish Litvak family. His father, a merchant, died when Moisei was little and his mother raised her son by herself. He attended the Bila Tserkva Gymnasium, supporting himself through teaching and became an active social democrat. Early political career Moisei studied law at the St. Vladimir Imperial University of Kiev. During his studies he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and organized an underground network for importing and distributing political literature. In 1897 he was arrested and exil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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