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Migliorismo
Migliorismo, or ''meliorism'', was a tendency within the Italian Communist Party. Its leader was Giorgio Napolitano, and it counted among its number Gerardo Chiaromonte and Emanuele Macaluso. It was also referred to as the "right wing" of the Italian Communist Party, due to the relatively moderate and reformist views of its adherents. Origins The name ''migliorismo'' derives from the Italian verb ''migliorare'' ("to improve", which is the root of the English word ''ameliorate''), because its main goal was to improve the Italian capitalism, capitalist system from the inside, by means of gradual reforms, according to a social democracy, social democratic programme rather than full-scale revolution. Its origins lay in the ideas of Giorgio Amendola, a prominent PCI leader during the post-World War II period, who discussed gradually abandoning Marxism in favour of social democratic and reformist theories. These ideas were suited for making alliances with more moderate centre-left part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giorgio Napolitano
Giorgio Napolitano (; born 29 June 1925) is an Italian politician who served as president of Italy from 2006 to 2015, the first Italian president to be re-elected to the presidency. Due to his dominant position in Italian politics, some critics have sometimes referred to him as ''Re Giorgio'' ("King Giorgio"). In office from 2006 to 2015, he is the longest-serving and longest-lived president in the history of the modern Italian Republic, which has been in existence since 1946. Napolitano was a longtime member of the Italian Communist Party and of its post-Communist social democratic successors, from the Democratic Party of the Left onwards. He was a leading member of a modernizing faction on the right of the party. First elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1953, he took an assiduous interest in parliamentary life and was President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1992 to 1994. He was Minister of the Interior from 1996 to 1998 under Romano Prodi. Napolitano was appointed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Communist Party
The Italian Communist Party ( it, Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) was a communist political party in Italy. The PCI was founded as ''Communist Party of Italy'' on 21 January 1921 in Livorno by seceding from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). Amadeo Bordiga, Antonio Gramsci, and Nicola Bombacci led the split. Outlawed during the Fascist regime, the party played a major role in the Italian resistance movement. It changed its name in 1943 to PCI and became the second largest political party of Italy after World War II, attracting the support of about a third of the vote share during the 1970s. At the time, it was the largest communist party in the West, with peak support reaching 2.3 million members, in 1947, and peak share being 34.4% of the vote (12.6 million votes) in the 1976 general election. The PCI transitioned from doctrinaire Marxism–Leninism to democratic socialism by the 1970s or the 1980s and adhered to the Eurocommunist trend. In 1991, it was dissolved and re-l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerardo Chiaromonte
Gerardo Chiaromonte (November 29, 1924 – April 7, 1993) was an Italian communist politician, engineer, journalist, and writer. Biography He was born in Naples on November 29, 1924 into a poor family from Roccanova, a small village in the province of Potenza. After obtaining a degree in engineering he moved to Milan in 1943 and became involved in the Italian resistance movement, a partisan force against the German occupation and remaining Italian Fascist forces of the Italian Social Republic (RSI) during World War II. In 1943 he became a member of the Italian Communist Party (''Partito Comunista Italiano'', PCI). Chiaromonte’s political ideas were somewhat moderate in the context of the PCI. He belonged to the wing of the party called ''Migliorismo'', whose members notably included Giorgio Napolitano, Giorgio Amendola, Nilde Iotti and Emanuele Macaluso. The term ''migliorista'' (from ''migliore'', Italian for "better") was coined with a slightly mocking intent. In 1991 he supp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party Of The Left
The Democratic Party of the Left ( it, Partito Democratico della Sinistra, PDS) was a democratic socialist and social-democratic political party in Italy. Founded in February 1991 as the post-communist evolution of the Italian Communist Party, the party was the largest in the Alliance of Progressives and The Olive Tree coalitions. In February 1998, the party merged with minor parties to form Democrats of the Left. History The PDS evolved from the Italian Communist Party (PCI), the largest communist party in the Western Bloc for most of the Cold War. Since 1948, it had been the second-largest party in Parliament. The PCI moved away from communist orthodoxy in the late 1960s, when it opposed the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. In the 1970s, it was one of the first parties to embrace Eurocommunism. By the late 1980s, the PCI had ties with social-democratic and democratic-socialist parties, and it was increasingly apparent that it was no longer a Marxist–Leninist party. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political History Of Italy
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luciano Lama
Luciano Lama (14 October 1921 – 31 May 1996) was an Italian trade unionist and politician, General Secretary of Italian General Confederation of Labour from 1970 to 1986. Biography Role in the resistance Lama graduated in Political Sciences at the University of Florence under the name of Boris Alberti, since he had to remain anonymous because he refused to join the Republic of Salò. When he was very young, Lama joined the Italian Socialist Party and took part in the resistance movement, contributing to free the city of Forlì from the Nazis. Deputy and secretary of the CGIL In 1946, Lama joined the Italian Communist Party, with which he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1958, in 1963 and in 1968. He left his seat when he joined the Italian General Confederation of Labour, being elected Secretary-general of the trade union in 1970. On 17 February 1977, Lama was violently contested at the University of Rome by a group of young people, who adhered to extra-parliam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giancarlo Pajetta
Giancarlo Pajetta (24 June 1911 – 13 September 1990) was an Italian communist politician. Biography Pajetta was born in a working-class district of Turin to Carlo, a bank employee, and Elvira Berrini, an elementary schoolteacher. He attended Liceo Classico Massimo d'Azeglio for his high school studiesWard, David. 'Primo Levi's Turin.' In: Gordon, Robert S.C. (editor). ''The Cambridge Companion to Primo Levi'' (Cambridge Companions to Literature). Cambridge University Press, 30 July 2007. , 9781139827409. CITED: p11 and joined the Communist Party of Italy during this time. In 1927 he was sentenced to two years of imprisonment for subversive propaganda, after having distributed anti-fascist leaflets to the workers at the Saroglia typographical workshops. In 1931, he went into exile in France. While in exile he traveled to Moscow several times as representative of the Italian Communist Youth Federation to the Communist International. He took up the pseudonym ''Nullo'', after 19th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nilde Iotti
Leonilde Iotti, commonly known as Nilde Iotti (; 10 April 1920 – 4 December 1999) was an Italian politician, member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). She was the first and only woman member of the PCI to become the president of the Chamber of Deputies, an office she held for three consecutive legislatures from 1979 to 1992, becoming the longest-serving post-war president of the Chamber. Early life Nilde Iotti was born in Reggio Emilia in 1920; her father Egidio was a railroader and a socialist trade unionist, fired by the railway company on account of his political commitment. In 1934, her father died, but, thanks to a scholarship, she attended the Catholic University of Milan, graduating in literature in 1942. At the university, she had among her professors, Amintore Fanfani, the future Christian Democratic leader and Prime Minister. On 5 October 1942, Iotti became a member of the National Fascist Party (PNF) within the Federation of Female Fascists of Reggio Emilia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forza Italia
Forza ItaliaThe name is not usually translated into English: ''forza'' is the second-person singular imperative of ''forzare'', in this case translating to "to compel" or "to press", and so means something like "Forward, Italy", "Come on, Italy" or "Go, Italy!". ''Forza Italia!'' was used as a sport slogan, and was also the slogan of Christian Democracy in the 1987 general election (see Giovanni Baccarin, ''Che fine ha fatto la DC?'', Gregoriana, Padova 2000). See article body for details. (FI; translated to "Forward Italy" or "Let's Go Italy") was a centre-right political party in Italy with liberal-conservative, Christian-democratic,Chiara Moroni, ''Da Forza Italia al Popolo della Libertà'', Carocci, Rome 2008 liberal,Oreste Massari, ''I partiti politici nelle democrazie contempoiranee'', Laterza, Rome-Bari 2004 social-democratic and populist tendencies. Its leader was Silvio Berlusconi, who served as Prime Minister of Italy four times. The party was founded in December 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silvio Berlusconi
Silvio Berlusconi ( ; ; born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 2013, and has served as a member of the Senate of the Republic since 2022, and previously from March to November 2013, and as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019, and previously from 1999 to 2001. Berlusconi is the controlling shareholder of Mediaset and owned the Italian football club A.C. Milan from 1986 to 2017. He is nicknamed ''Il Cavaliere'' (The Knight) for his Order of Merit for Labour; he voluntarily resigned from this order in March 2014. In 2018, ''Forbes'' ranked him as the 190th richest man in the world with a net worth of US$8 billion. In 2009, ''Forbes'' ranked him 12th in the list of the World's Most Powerful People due to his domination of Italian politics throughout more than twenty ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandro Bondi
Sandro Bondi (born 14 May 1959) is an Italian politician. He served as minister of culture from 2008 to 2011, in the Berlusconi IV Cabinet. Biography Bondi was born in Fivizzano, province of Massa-Carrara, Italy. He first attended school at Lausanne, where his emigrant father had settled. The family later returned to Italy and at a young age Sandro joined the Italian Communist Youth Federation, soon becoming its secretary in Lunigiana. He gained a laurea in philosophy from the University of Pisa with a dissertation on Leonardo Valazzana, precursor of the Augustinian order and opponent of Girolamo Savonarola. A Catholic democrat, he campaigned for the Italian Communist Party, and was elected mayor of Fivizzano in 1990. In 1992 the town council led by him was overturned by the local Socialist Party, in association with Christian Democracy. Activists already playfully compared him to a ''ravanello'' (radish): that is, red on the outside but white on the inside. Following these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Il Riformista
''Il Riformista'' (English: "The Reformist") is an Italian political and financial newspaper based in Rome, Italy. History and profile Launched on 23 October 2002, ''Il Riformista'' was formed of about four pages with Orange as main colour used. The paper closed on 30 March 2012 because of financial problems. It was later relaunched on 29 October 2019. Columnist and journalists Past columnists * Tariq Ramadan * Guia Soncini * Ritanna Armeni * Giampaolo Pansa * Andrea Romano * Marco Ferrante * Peppino Caldarola * Maurizio Costanzo * Filippo Facci * Giuliano Da Empoli * Lucetta Scaraffia * Claudia Mancina * Luciano Violante * Alberto Mingardi * Antonello Piroso * Chicco Testa Current columnists * Maria Elena Boschi * Fausto Bertinotti * Biagio de Giovanni * Giovanni Minoli * Elsa Fornero * Paolo Guzzanti Paolo Guzzanti (born 1 August 1940) is an Italian journalist and politician. He was previously a member of the Italian Socialist Party. Biography Born in Rome, he is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
