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Microsphaera Diffusa
''Microsphaera diffusa'' is a plant pathogen. ''M. diffusa'' infections on soybeans are referred to as powdery mildew Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of ascomycete fungi in the order Erysiphales. Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as .... Importance: Powdery mildew of soybeans is an important pathogen and tends to cause epidemics about every 10–15 years in Wisconsin. In 1975 the first epidemic there was observed and several have occurred since. Powdery mildew affects the soybean plants. When 82% of the soybean leaf area is covered by ''M. diffusa'', photosynthetic and transpiration rates are less than half of normal soybeans, thus affecting soybean yield. Different studies have found different amounts of yield reduction due to the powdery mildew. In Illinois, measured yield losses ranged up to 14 percent. From Iowa studies, measured yield loss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a Kingdom (biology), kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the " ascus" (), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as '' Cladonia'' belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the Deuteromycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leotiomycetes
The Leotiomycetes are a class of ascomycete fungi. Many of them cause serious plant diseases. Systematics The class Leotiomycetes contains numerous species with an anamorph placed within the '' fungi imperfecti'' (deuteromycota), that have only recently found their place in the phylogenetic system. The older classifications placed Leotiomycetes into the Discomycetes clade ( inoperculate Discomycetes). Molecular studies have recently shed some new light to the still obscure systematics. Most scholars consider Leotiomycetes a sister taxon to Sordariomycetes in the phylogenetic tree of Pezizomycotina. Its division into subclasses have received strong support by the molecular data, but the overall monophyly of Leotiomycetes is dubious. The order Lichinodiales and family Lichinodiaceae, newly circumscribed in 2019 to contain the genus cyanolichen genus ''Lichinodium'', is the first known group of lichen-forming fungi in the Leotiomycetes. Characteristics *Most ''Leotiomycetes'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leotiomycetidae
The Leotiomycetidae are a subclass of the fungal class Leotiomycetes. Taxonomy ::Order: Helotiales :::Family: Ascocorticiaceae :::Family: Bulgariaceae :::Family: Cudoniaceae :::Family: Cyttariaceae :::Family: Dermateaceae :::Family: Geoglossaceae :::Family: Helotiaceae :::Family: Hemiphacidiaceae :::Family: Hyaloscyphaceae :::Family: Leotiaceae :::Family: Loramycetaceae :::Family: Phacidiaceae :::Family: Rutstroemiaceae :::Family: Sclerotiniaceae :::Family: Vibrisseaceae ::Order: Lahmiales :::Family: Lahmiaceae ::Order: Medeolariales :::Family: Medeolariaceae ::Order: Rhytismatales :::Family: Ascodichaenaceae :::Family: Cryptomycetaceae :::Family: Cudoniaceae :::Family: Rhytismataceae The Rhytismataceae are a family of fungi in the Rhytismatales order. It contains 55 genera and 728 species. Genera According to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the following genera are in the Rhytismataceae. The placement of the genus ''Nymanom ... ::Order: Thelebolales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysiphales
Erysiphales are an order of ascomycete fungi. The order contains one family, Erysiphaceae. Many of them cause plant diseases called powdery mildew. Systematics The order contains one family (Erysiphaceae), 28 genera and approximately 100 species. Many imperfect fungi (fungi whose sexual reproduction is unknown) belong here, especially the genus '' Oidium''. Recent molecular data have revealed the existence of six main evolutionary lineages. Clade 1 consists of ''Erysiphe'', '' Microsphaera'', and '' Uncinula'', all of which have an ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Pseudoidium'' mitosporic state. Clade 2 consists of '' Erysiphe galeopsidis'' and '' Erysiphe cumminsiana'' (anamorphs in ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Striatoidium''). Clade 3 consists of ''Erysiphe'' species with anamorphs in ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Reticuloidium''. Clade 4 consists of ''Leveillula'' and ''Phyllactinia'', which have ''Oidiopsis'' and ''Ovulariopsis'' mitosporic states, respectively. Clade 5 consists of '' Sphaerothec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysiphaceae
Erysiphales are an order of ascomycete fungi. The order contains one family, Erysiphaceae. Many of them cause plant diseases called powdery mildew. Systematics The order contains one family (Erysiphaceae), 28 genera and approximately 100 species. Many imperfect fungi (fungi whose sexual reproduction is unknown) belong here, especially the genus '' Oidium''. Recent molecular data have revealed the existence of six main evolutionary lineages. Clade 1 consists of ''Erysiphe'', ''Microsphaera'', and ''Uncinula'', all of which have an ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Pseudoidium'' mitosporic state. Clade 2 consists of '' Erysiphe galeopsidis'' and '' Erysiphe cumminsiana'' (anamorphs in ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Striatoidium''). Clade 3 consists of ''Erysiphe'' species with anamorphs in ''Oidium'' subgenus ''Reticuloidium''. Clade 4 consists of ''Leveillula'' and ''Phyllactinia'', which have ''Oidiopsis'' and ''Ovulariopsis'' mitosporic states, respectively. Clade 5 consists of '' Sphaerotheca'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsphaera
''Microsphaera'' is a genus of powdery mildew Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of ascomycete fungi in the order Erysiphales. Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as ... in the family Erysiphaceae. References Erysiphales Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Taxa named by Joseph-Henri Léveillé Taxa described in 1851 {{Leotiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Pathogen
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. Overview Control of plant diseases is crucial to the reliable production of food, and it provides significant problems in agricultural use of land, water, fuel and other inputs. Plants in both natural and cultivated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soybean
The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and tofu skin are made. Fermented soy foods include soy sauce, fermented bean paste, nattō, and tempeh. Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals. For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes. Soybeans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins. Soy vegetable oil, used in food and industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop. Soybean is the most important protein source for feed farm animals (that in turn yields animal protein for human consumption). Etymology The word "soy" originated as a corruption of the Cant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of ascomycete fungi in the order Erysiphales. Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as its symptoms are quite distinctive. Infected plants display white powdery spots on the leaves and stems. The lower leaves are the most affected, but the mildew can appear on any above-ground part of the plant. As the disease progresses, the spots get larger and denser as large numbers of asexual spores are formed, and the mildew may spread up and down the length of the plant. Powdery mildew grows well in environments with high humidity and moderate temperatures. Greenhouses provide an ideal moist, temperate environment for the spread of the disease. This causes harm to agricultural and horticultural practices where powdery mildew may thrive in a greenhouse setting. In an agricultural or horticultural setting, the pathogen can be controlled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungal Plant Pathogens And Diseases
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
