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Microbotryum Silenes-dioicae
Microbotryum silenes-dioicae is a species of fungus first isolated from Brittany, France. Its name refers to its host species, ''Silene dioica''. The fungus is the cause of anther-smut disease, which results in fungal spores replacing the pollen in the anthers. The species that most resembles ‘’M. silenes-dioicae’’ morphologically is '' M. lychnidis-dioicae''.Denchev, Cvetomir M., Tatiana Giraud, and Michael E. Hood. "Three new species of anthericolous smut fungi on Caryophyllaceae." Mycologia Balcanica6 (2009): 79-84. Description This species shows sori arranged in anthers. Its spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ... mass is powdery and brown. The spores are mainly globose, subglobose or ellipsoidal, measuring 6.5–10.5 by 5.5–9.0 μm and being pale c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiomycota
Basidiomycota () is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. Members are known as basidiomycetes. More specifically, Basidiomycota includes these groups: mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fungi, other polypores, jelly fungi, boletes, chanterelles, earth stars, smuts, bunts, rusts, mirror yeasts, and ''Cryptococcus'', the human pathogenic yeast. Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae (except for basidiomycota-yeast) and reproduce sexually via the formation of specialized club-shaped end cells called basidia that normally bear external meiospores (usually four). These specialized spores are called basidiospores. However, some Basidiomycota are obligate asexual reproducers. Basidiomycota that reproduce asexually (discussed below) can typically be recognized as members of this division by gross similarity to others, by the form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbotryomycetes
The Microbotryomycetes are class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. Until recently, the class contained four orders: the Heterogastridiales, the Leucosporidiales, the Microbotryales, and the Sporidiobolales, which contained a total of 4 families, 25 genera, and 208 species. The order Kriegeriales Kriegeriales is an order of Fungi that are mostly yeasts and can be found from a variety of places, ranging from arctic waters to tropical ferns. Taxonomy Most of the species now recognized as being members of Kriegeriales were for a long time p ..., containing two families, Kriegeriaceae and Camptobasidiaceae, was defined in 2012. References Basidiomycota classes Pucciniomycotina Taxa named by Franz Oberwinkler Taxa described in 2006 {{Basidiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbotryales
The Microbotryales are an order of fungi in the Microbotryomycetes class of the Basidiomycota. The order contains 2 families, 9 genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ..., and 114 species. The order was circumscribed in 1997. References External links Basidiomycota orders Taxa named by Franz Oberwinkler Taxa described in 1997 {{Basidiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbotryaceae
Microbotryaceae is a family of Basidiomycota fungi in the order Microbotryales The Microbotryales are an order of fungi in the Microbotryomycetes class of the Basidiomycota. The order contains 2 families, 9 genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil or .... References External links Microbotryales Microbotryaceae {{Basidiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbotryum
''Microbotryum'' is a genus of fungi found in the family Microbotryaceae. It contains 89 species. Species *'' Microbotryum adenopetalae'' *''Microbotryum afromontanum'' *'' Microbotryum ahmadianum'' *'' Microbotryum alsines'' *'' Microbotryum anomalum'' *'' Microbotryum arenariae-bryophyllae'' *'' Microbotryum aviculare'' *'' Microbotryum bardanense'' *''Microbotryum betonicae'' *''Microbotryum bistortarum'' *'' Microbotryum bosniacum'' *'' Microbotryum calandriniae'' *'' Microbotryum calandriniicola'' *'' Microbotryum calyptratae'' *'' Microbotryum cardui'' *'' Microbotryum carthusianorum'' *'' Microbotryum cephalariae'' *'' Microbotryum chloranthae-verrucosum'' *'' Microbotryum cichorii'' *'' Microbotryum cilinode'' *'' Microbotryum claytoniae'' *'' Microbotryum cordae'' *''Microbotryum coronariae'' *''Microbotryum coronatum'' *''Microbotryum dehiscens'' *'' Microbotryum dianthorum'' *''Microbotryum dumosum'' *''Microbotryum duriaeanum'' *''Microbotryum emodensis'' *''Microb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brittany
Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duchy of Brittany, duchy before being Union of Brittany and France, united with the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a provinces of France, province governed as a separate nation under the crown. Brittany has also been referred to as Little Britain (as opposed to Great Britain, with which it shares an etymology). It is bordered by the English Channel to the north, Normandy to the northeast, eastern Pays de la Loire to the southeast, the Bay of Biscay to the south, and the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its land area is 34,023 km2 . Brittany is the site of some of the world's oldest standing architecture, ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silene Dioica
''Silene dioica'' ( syn. ''Melandrium rubrum''), known as red campion and red catchfly, is a herbaceous flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native throughout central, western and northern Europe, and locally in southern Europe. It has been introduced in Iceland, Canada, the US, and Argentina. Description It is a biennial or perennial plant, with dark pink to red flowers, each 1.8–2.5 cm across. There are five petals which are deeply notched at the end, narrowed at the base and all go into an urn-shaped calyx. As indicated by the specific name, male and female flowers are borne on separate plants (dioecious), the male with 10 stamens and a 10-veined calyx, the female with 5 styles and a 20-veined calyx. The fruit, produced from July onwards, is an ovoid capsule containing numerous seeds, opening at the apex by 10 teeth which curve back. The flowers are unscented. The flowering period is from May to October and the flowers are frequently visited by flies such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbotryum Lychnidis-dioicae
''Microbotryum'' is a genus of fungi found in the family Microbotryaceae. It contains 89 species. Species *'' Microbotryum adenopetalae'' *''Microbotryum afromontanum'' *'' Microbotryum ahmadianum'' *'' Microbotryum alsines'' *'' Microbotryum anomalum'' *'' Microbotryum arenariae-bryophyllae'' *'' Microbotryum aviculare'' *'' Microbotryum bardanense'' *''Microbotryum betonicae'' *''Microbotryum bistortarum'' *'' Microbotryum bosniacum'' *'' Microbotryum calandriniae'' *'' Microbotryum calandriniicola'' *'' Microbotryum calyptratae'' *'' Microbotryum cardui'' *'' Microbotryum carthusianorum'' *'' Microbotryum cephalariae'' *'' Microbotryum chloranthae-verrucosum'' *'' Microbotryum cichorii'' *'' Microbotryum cilinode'' *'' Microbotryum claytoniae'' *'' Microbotryum cordae'' *''Microbotryum coronariae'' *''Microbotryum coronatum'' *''Microbotryum dehiscens'' *'' Microbotryum dianthorum'' *''Microbotryum dumosum'' *''Microbotryum duriaeanum'' *''Microbotryum emodensis'' *''Microb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorus
A sorus (pl. sori) is a cluster of sporangia (structures producing and containing spores) in ferns and fungi. A coenosorus (plural coenosori) is a compound sorus composed of multiple, fused sori. Etymology This New Latin word is from Ancient Greek σωρός (''sōrós'' 'stack, pile, heap'). Structure In lichens and other fungi, the sorus is surrounded by an external layer. In some red algae, it may take the form of depression into the thallus. In ferns, the sori form a yellowish or brownish mass on the edge or underside of a fertile frond. In some species, they are protected during development by a scale or film of tissue called the indusium, which forms an umbrella-like cover. Lifecycle significance Sori occur on the sporophyte generation, the sporangia within producing haploid meiospores. As the sporangia mature, the indusium shrivels so that spore release is unimpeded. The sporangia then burst and release the spores. As an aid to identification The shape, arrangemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anther
The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains ''microsporangia''. Most commonly anthers are two-lobed and are attached to the filament either at the base or in the middle area of the anther. The sterile tissue between the lobes is called the connective, an extension of the filament containing conducting strands. It can be seen as an extension on the dorsal side of the anther. A pollen grain develops from a microspore in the microsporangium and contains the male gametophyte. The stamens in a flower are collectively called the androecium. The androecium can consist of as few as one-half stamen (i.e. a single locule) as in '' Canna'' species or as many as 3,482 stamens which have been counted in the saguaro (''Carnegiea gigantea''). The androecium in var ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and protozoa. Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle, but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. Myxozoan spores release amoeboid infectious germs ("amoebulae") into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops from the amoebula. In plants, spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte. Under favourable conditions the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes. Two gametes fuse to form a zygote which develops into a new s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
