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Michał Tyszkiewicz (1761–1839)
Michał Tyszkiewicz ( lt, Mykolas Tiškevičius; 1761 – September 4, 1839) was a member of the noble Tyszkiewicz family and polkovnik in the French Grande Armée during Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812. He acquired several manors in present-day Lithuania, including those in Palanga and Biržai. He and his descendants built and reconstructed several manor houses that are some of the most important sites of manorialism heritage in Lithuania. Napoleonic Wars During the Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812, Tyszkiewicz supported Napoleon in hopes of reestablishing the old Grand Duchy of Lithuania. On July 5, 1812, using his own funds, he began forming the 17th Lithuanian Uhlan Regiment, with his own initiative and money. In recognition, Napoleon named Tyszkiewicz the regimental commander with the rank of colonel and Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. The regiment was attached to the X Corps of the Grande Armée. Tyszkiewicz became ill and did not participate in actio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valozhyn
Valozhyn, Vałožyn or Volozhin ( be, Вало́жын, , russian: Воло́жин, lt, Valažinas, pl, Wołożyn, yi, וואָלאָזשין ''Volozhin''; also written as Wolozin and Wolozhin) is a town in the Minsk Region of Belarus. The population is 11,500 (1995). Before World War II about half the town’s population were Jewish but they were murdered during the Holocaust. It is located northwest of Minsk, on the Valozhynka river in the Neman River basin, and the beginning of the Nalibokskaya Forest. Average temperatures are in January and in July with of annual rain. History Overview The town was built on the main road leading from Vilnius to Minsk. It is divided into two sections: the "lower neighborhood" along the river and the "upper neighborhood" toward the hills. Half of the town square is framed by the remains of 12th century buildings, including a bell tower, a palace, and a monastery. Most of the other remaining impressive buildings in the town are from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serfdom
Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery, which developed during the Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid-19th century. Unlike slaves, serfs could not be bought, sold, or traded individually though they could, depending on the area, be sold together with land. The kholops in Russia, by contrast, could be traded like regular slaves, could be abused with no rights over their own bodies, could not leave the land they were bound to, and could marry only with their lord's permission. Serfs who occupied a plot of land were required to work for the lord of the manor who owned that land. In return, they were entitled to protection, justice, and the right to cultivate certain fields within the manor to maintain their own subsistence. Serfs were ofte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1839 Deaths
Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – The French Academy of Sciences announces the daguerreotype photography process. * January 19 – British forces capture Aden. * January 20 – Battle of Yungay: Chile defeats the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, leading to the restoration of an independent Peru. * January – The first parallax measurement of the distance to Alpha Centauri is published by Thomas Henderson. * February 11 – The University of Missouri is established, becoming the first public university west of the Mississippi River. * February 24 – William Otis receives a patent for the steam shovel. * March 5 – Longwood University is founded in Farmville, Virginia. * March 7 – Baltimore City College, the third public high school in the United States, is esta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1761 Births
Events January–March * January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, and restore the Mughal Empire to Shah Alam II. * January 16 – Siege of Pondicherry (1760) ended: The British capture Pondichéry, India from the French. * February 8 – An earthquake in London breaks chimneys in Limehouse and Poplar. * March 8 – A second earthquake occurs in North London, Hampstead and Highgate. * March 31 – 1761 Portugal earthquake: A magnitude 8.5 earthquake strikes Lisbon, Portugal, with effects felt as far north as Scotland. April–June * April 1 – The Austrian Empire and the Russian Empire sign a new treaty of alliance. * April 4 – A severe epidemic of influenza breaks out in London and "practically the entire population of the city" is afflicted; particularly contagious to pregnant women, the disease causes an unusual number of miscarriages and prema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapieha
The House of Sapieha (; be, Сапега, ''Sapieha''; lt, Sapiega) is a Polish-Lithuanian noble and magnate family of Lithuanian and Ruthenian origin,Энцыклапедыя ВКЛ. Т.2, арт. "Сапегі" descending from the medieval boyars of Smolensk and Polotsk. Vernadsky, George. ''A History of Russia''. New Haven. Connecticut: Yale University Press. 1961online/ref> The family acquired great influence and wealth in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the 16th century. History The first confirmed records of the Sapieha family date back to the 15th century, when Semen Sopiha ( be, Сямён Сапега) was mentioned as a writer (scribe) of the then King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Casimir IV Jagiellon ( pl, Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk) for the period of 1441–49. Semen had two sons, Bohdan and Iwan. Possibly, the family of Semen Sopiha owned the village of Sopieszyno near Gdansk, which they left because of the Teutonic invasion. So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raudondvaris
Raudondvaris is a village on the Nevėžis River in Kaunas district, Lithuania, west of Kaunas city municipality. History The town was first mentioned in Teutonic chronicles in 1392. The old castle was rebuilt after the Battle of Grunwald and became Grand Duke's property. In 1549 Grand Duke Sigismund II Augustus presented the castle to his wife, Barbara Radziwiłł. After her death the castle fell to ruin. A new Renaissance red brick palace, known as Raudondvaris Castle, was built in 1615 on the high bank of the Nevėžis River by the Radziwiłłs. The palace is surrounded by a park with a palm house (no longer in use). The residence was known for its remarkable fine arts collection, including paintings by Leonardo da Vinci, Caravaggio, Rubens and del Sarto. The palace belonged to the Tyszkiewicz family until the end of World War I, when it was converted into a shelter for children. It suffered damage during World War II and was rebuilt only in 1959–1973. Currently it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michał Tyszkiewicz (Egyptologist)
Count Michał Tyszkiewicz (Lithuanian: Mykolas Tiškevičius; 4 December 1828, in Wołożyn – 18 November 1897, in Rome) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman collector of antiquities and amateur Egyptologist. He was a member of the Polish Tyszkiewicz family. He first excavated at Luxor in 1861–1862 and revisited Egypt in 1867–1868, building up a collection during his travels. It is now split between different locations in Lithuania, Paris, London, Copenhagen, Berlin, Boston, Rome, and the Tyszkiewicz Palace at Lahojsk, Belarus. A small part of it remains in Poland in the National Museum in Warsaw. Writings *''Diary of a Journey to Egypt and Nubia'', Paris 1863. *''Memories of an old collector'', translated into English by Mrs. Andrew Lang. Longmans, Green, London 1898.References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astravas Manor
Astravas Manor is a manor in the Biržai suburb of Astravas, Lithuania. History Radziwiłł Family In the mid 16th century, the Biržai area became a Duchy and the centre of territories belonging to a branch of the influential Radziwiłł family. Michał Tyszkiewicz (1761–1839) In 1811 Duke Dominik Hieronim Radziwiłł sold the Biržai lands to Count Michał Tyszkiewicz for 450,000 silver rubles. The approval of the purchase and sale agreement was hindered by the fact that other descendants of the Radziwiłł family made claims, as well as by the fact that Count Michał Tyszkiewicz led a Lithuanian regiment fighting in Napoleon's army. It took 33 years of litigation before, in 1844, Tsar Nicholas I of Russia recognized the Duchy of Biržai as the possession of Michał Tyszkiewicz's son Jan Tyszkiewicz. Jan Tyszkiewicz (1801-1862) As Biržai Castle was uninhabitable, the Tyszkiewicz family established their summer retreat at Astravas, across Lake Širvėna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemėžis Manor
Nemėžis Manor is a former residential manor in Nemėžis, near Vilnius, Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania .... History Previously it was owned by Radziwiłł, Sapieha, Chodkiewicz and[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiškevičiai Palace, Palanga
The Tiškevičiai Palace, Tiskevičius Palace ( lt, Tiškevičių rūmai), or Tyszkiewicz Palace ( pl, pałac Tyszkiewiczów) is a Neo-Renaissance style building in Palanga, Lithuania, built for the Tyszkiewicz family. The construction was started in 1893 and finished in 1897. The palace is surrounded by a park with ponds, fountains, and collections of rare plants. Since 1963 the palace has housed the Palanga Amber Museum and is surrounded by the Palanga Botanical Garden. History Tyszkiewicz family member, Feliks Tyszkiewicz, contacted famous German architect Franz Heinrich Schwechten to construct a new palace; their old estate was a wooden manor on the banks of Rąžė River. The first stage of construction lasted until 1897, consisting of the terrace and main residence building. The two-story building had regular form with an arched terrace, decorated with sculptures from France. Although mainly Italian neo-Renaissance in style, it also has neoclassical and baroque element ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franciszek Ksawery Niesiołowski
Franciszek Ksawery Niesiołowski (18 December 1771 – 15 September 1845) was a colonel in the 6th Lithuanian Foot Regiment, general in the Kościuszko Uprising, the Army of the Duchy of Warsaw, and the Army of the Kingdom of Poland, served during the November Uprising, became a member of the Sejm in 1830, and was Senator-Castellan of the Kingdom of Poland from 8 August 1831. Early life Niesiołowski was born on 18 December 1771 in Lachowicze, which at that time belonged to the Massalski family, in Nowogródek Voivodeship, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was the son of Józef and Katarzyna (née Massalska) Niesiołowski. The main residence of the Niesiołowski family was , where they were likely to have been visited by Tadeusz Kościuszko several times during his holidays. Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth In 1788, at the age of 17, Franciszek Niesiołowski became colonel and commander of the . War in Defence of the Constitut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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