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Miasteczko (film)
A ( or (), () was a historical type of urban settlement similar to a market town in the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the partitions of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at the end of the 18th-century, these settlements became widespread in the Austrian, German and Russian Empires. The vast majority of ''miasteczkos'' had significant or even predominant Jewish populations; these are known in English under the Yiddish term ''shtetl''. ''Miasteczkos'' had a special administrative status other than that of town or city. The meaning "small town" is somewhat misleading, since some 19th-century shtetls, such as Berdichev or Bohuslav counted over 15,000 people. Therefore, after Russian authorities annexed parts of Poland-Lithuania (which included parts of modern Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and Lithuania), they had difficulties in formally defining what a ''miasteczko'' is. Typically ''miasteczkos'' grew out of or still remained private towns belonging to Polish-Lithuania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urban Settlement
An Urban settlement is a concentrated settlement that is part of an urban area. It is an area with high density of human-created structures. *Municipal urban settlement, a type of subdivision such as Cape town in Western Cape *Urban settlement, an official designation for a certain type of urban locality used in some of the republics of Africa such as Southern Africa. *Municipal urban settlement, a type of municipal formation in Russia *Urban settlement, a synonym for urban localities in Russia *Urban-type settlement Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ..., an official designation for a certain type of urban locality used in some of the former republics of the Soviet Union It consists of various towns:- Administrative town Defence town Cultural town Industrial town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnates Of Poland And Lithuania
The magnates of Poland and Lithuania () were an aristocracy of Polish-Lithuanian nobility (''szlachta'') that existed in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, from the 1569 Union of Lublin, in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. The magnate social class arose around the 16th century and, over time, gained more and more control over Commonwealth politics. The most powerful magnates were known as "little kings" due to the extent of their power and independence. Their influence diminished with the Third Partition of Poland (1795), which ended the Commonwealth's independent existence, and came to an end with the Second World War and the communist-ruled People's Republic of Poland. Famous magnate families in the territories of the Crown of Poland included the Czartoryski, Kalinowski, Koniecpolski, Ostrogski, Potocki, Tarnowski, Wiśniowiecki, Zasławski and Zamoyski families; and in the Grand Duchy of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Service Industries
Service industries are those not directly concerned with the production of physical goods (such as agriculture and manufacturing). Some service industries, including transportation, wholesale trade and retail trade are part of the supply chain delivering goods produced in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors to final consumers. Other services are provided directly to consumers. These include health care, education, information services, legal services, financial services, and public administration. The service sector accounts for around 70-80 per cent of employment in modern economies. Service industries in the three-sector model In the three-sector model of the economy, widely used in the 20th century, the service sector was assigned the role of transporting, distributing and selling goods produced in the manufacturing (secondary sector), and was therefore described as the tertiary sector of the economy. However, the majority of service employment is now found in activit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retail
Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers. A retailer purchases goods in large quantities from manufacturers, directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells in smaller quantities to consumers for a profit. Retailers are the final link in the supply chain from producers to consumers. Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity. Some of the earliest retailers were itinerant peddlers. Over the centuries, retail shops were transformed from little more than "rude booths" to the sophisticated shopping malls of the modern era. In the digital age, an increasing number of retailers are seeking to reach broader markets by selling through multiple channels, including both bricks and mortar and online retailing. Digital technologies are also affecting the way that consumers pay for goods and services. Retailing support services may also include the provision ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high-tech, but it is most commonly applied to industrial design, in which raw materials from the primary sector are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such goods may be sold to other manufacturers for the production of other more complex products (such as aircraft, household appliances, furniture, sports equipment or automobiles), or distributed via the tertiary industry to end users and consumers (usually through wholesalers, who in turn sell to retailers, who then sell them to individual customers). Manufacturing engineering is the field of engineering that designs and optimizes the manufacturing process, or the steps through which raw materials are transformed into a final p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butrimonys
Butrimonys is a small town in Alytus County in southern Lithuania. In 2011 it had a population of 941. Butrimonys massacre On 9 September 1941, shortly after the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, the Jews of Butrimonys were massacred by Einsatzgruppen and Lithuanian collaborators. Rounded up and marched along a road, they were lined up beside a mass grave and machine-gunned. According to the Jäger Report, 740 Jews were murdered in one day: 67 men, 370 women, and 303 children. What distinguished Butrimonys from hundreds of similar crimes in the Baltic region was the survival of a detailed record left by a local Jew Khone Boyarski. Hiding with his son, Boyarski described the events in a farewell letter to his relatives abroad. Boyarski was later killed by the Nazis; the letter was discovered by accident by a graduate student in the archives of Yad Vashem. Famous people * Bernard Berenson (1865–1959), a famous and still influential American art historian * Senda Berenso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tverai
Tverai ( sgs, Tverā) is a small town in Rietavas municipality, Lithuania. It is situated on Aitra River, tributary to Jūra, about 17 km east from Rietavas and 14 km from Varniai. Tverai, with population of about 560, is a capital of an elderate. History Tverai is identified with Tviriment Castle, mentioned in 1251 by the Hypatian Codex. The castle was the fortress where Vykintas, Duke of Samogitia and victorious leader of the Battle of Saule, defended himself against Mindaugas, crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253, during a civil war for power in the early Grand Duchy of Lithuania The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Lit .... Vykintas was defeated and Mindaugas became the undisputeded monarch. During World War II, a group of Jews were murdered in summer and fall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valkininkai
Valkininkai ( pl, Olkieniki) is a historic town in (Valkininkai) eldership, Varėna District Municipality, Alytus County, Lithuania, located about northeast from Varėna and about southwest from Vilnius. At the Lithuanian census of 2001, its population was 238 and at the it was 229. The town is situated on the confluence of Merkys River with its tributaries Šalčia and Geluža. About east of Valkininkai there is , a settlement that grew around a train station on the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw railway and now has more residents. History Grand Duchy of Lithuania It is believed that Valkininkai was first mentioned in a letter from Grand Duke Jogaila to his brother Skirgaila in 1387. The settlement developed on a large island (since then disappeared) in Merkys River. Situated near the Gardinas–Varėna–Vilnius route, the settlement had a royal estate that Grand Dukes used as a hunting lodge. The route further grew in importance after the 1385 Union of Krewo as it co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onuškis
Onuškis is a small town in Lithuania in the Trakai district municipality, around from Trakai Trakai (; see names section for alternative and historic names) is a historic town and lake resort in Lithuania. It lies west of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Because of its proximity to Vilnius, Trakai is a popular tourist destination. ... and south of Aukštadvaris. As of 2011, it had 519 inhabitants and was the seat for the Onuškis eldership. History In the nineteenth century the Jews were the majority in the town. Before World War I about 80 to 90 Jewish families lived in there, but during the war years their number decreased to about 50 to 60 families. On September 30, 1941, 1,446 Jews from Aukštadvaris, Lentavris, Onuškis, Rudziszki, Troki, Žydkaimis, and the surrounding areas were shot, after being abused, in the Varninkai Forest by Lithuanians from Aukštadvaris, Onuškis, and Lentvaris See also * Onuškis Manor References Towns in Lithuania Towns i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gruzdžiai
Gruzdžiai is a small town in Šiauliai County Šiauliai County ( lt, Šiaulių apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. It is in the north of the country, and its capital is Šiauliai. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Šiauliai County rem ... in northern-central Lithuania. In 2011 it had a population of 1,467. The town has a post office (ZIP code: 81024) and a gymnasium. Gruzdžiai was the birthplace of Lithuanian exile novelist Marius Katiliškis. References *''This article was initially translated from the Lithuanian Wikipedia.'' Towns in Lithuania Towns in Šiauliai County Shavelsky Uyezd {{ŠiauliaiCounty-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Žeimelis
Žeimelis is a small town in northern Lithuania, 40 km to the north from Pakruojis, near the border with Latvia. It is a centre of an elderate. According to a census in 2011, Žeimelis had 953 residents. Town of Žeimelis is a state-protected urbanistic monument. The town of Žeimelis has a Gothic town square with inns from the 18th and 19th centuries; the inns were adjusted for defensive needs as well. Žeimelis has museum of Semigallia. History The lands were inhabited by the Baltic tribe Semigallians. Žeimelis manor was first mentioned in 1500. In 1542 Žeimelis was known as a town. In 1592–1674 school of reformats was operating. Since the 17th century Žeimelis was a place of big markets. Field Marshal Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly was baptized in the Lutheran church on December 27, 1761. High school was established in 1920. Agriculture school founded in 1937. In August 1941, a total of 160 Jews from Žeimelis were murdered by an Einsatzgruppen. The mass execu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Žemaičių Kalvarija
Žemaičių Kalvarija ( Samogitian: ''Žemaitiu Kalvarėjė'', pl, Kalwaria Żmudzka, en, Samogitian Calvary) is a small town in Plungė district municipality, Lithuania. It is known as a major site for Catholic pilgrimage. Every July the town hosts a large Church festival, known as the Great Žemaičių Kalvarija Festival. It attracts many tourists from all over Lithuania and abroad. It is one of the few "must visit" locations for most Roman Catholics of Lithuania. The main church of the town boasts a sculpture of crucified Jesus and picture of St. Maria, which was brought to this town in middle of 17th century from Rome. The picture is considered to be saintly. History of the name This place was mentioned in 1253 as ''Garde'' (Gardaí). In the 17th century, when the main church and road of cross was built, people started calling it the New Jerusalem, but after some time it was named Kalvarija after the name of the hill where Jesus was crucified. In the 20th century, the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
