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Meḳiẓe Nirdamim
Mekitze Nirdamim (, ''Meḳitse nirdamim'', "Rousers of Those Who Slumber") is a literary society dedicated to the retrieval, preservation, and publication of medieval Hebrew texts. It was first established at Lyck, Prussia in 1861, and is now based out of Jerusalem, Israel. History Mekitze Nirdamim was first established in Lyck, Prussia in 1861, mainly by the efforts of , editor of the Hebrew weekly '' Ha-Magid''. The Society's first board consisted of prominent scholars and philanthropists such as Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler, Albert Cohn, S. D. Luzzatto, Moses Montefiore, Michael Sachs, Mattityahu Strashun, and Joseph Zedner. The organization's focus on realigning ''Haskalah'' and tradition among European Jews was met with opposition from some ''maskilim''. By 1864, nonethelessss, the number of subscribers stood at 1,200. Among its early publications were Luzzatto's 1864 edition of Judah Halevi's '' Diwan'', Salomon Buber's edition of the ''Pesikta de-Rav Kahana'' (186 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nathan Marcus Adler
Nathan Marcus HaKohen Adler (13 January 1803 – 21 January 1890) (Hebrew name: Natan ben Mordechai ha-Kohen) was the Chief Rabbi of the British Empire from 1845 until his death. Life A kohen, Adler was born in Hanover in present-day Germany. His father, Mordecai (Marcus) Baer Adler, was Chief Rabbi of the city. He was named after the kabbalist Nathan Adler. He studied classics and modern languages, including English and French, at the University of Würzburg; his doctorate in philosophy was from the University of Erlangen in 1828. He studied Torah under his father and received ''semikhah'' (rabbinic ordination) from Rabbi Abraham Bing, Chief Rabbi and Rosh Yeshiva of Würzburg, in 1828. He subscribed to what was known as the Frankfurter Orthodoxy. While a rabbi in Hanover, he became acquainted with Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, Viceroy of the Kingdom of Hanover (until 1837, a monarchy in personal union with the U.K.), who may have recommended him for the post of Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haskalah
The ''Haskalah'' (; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), often termed the Jewish Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Western Europe and the Muslim world. It arose as a defined ideological worldview during the 1770s, and its last stage ended around 1881, with the rise of Autoemancipation, Jewish nationalism. The movement advocated against Jewish reclusiveness, encouraged the adoption of prevalent attire over traditional dress, while also working to diminish the authority of traditional community institutions such as rabbinic courts and boards of elders. It pursued a set of projects of cultural and moral renewal, including a revival of Hebrew for use in secular life, which resulted in an increase in Hebrew language, Hebrew found in print. Concurrently, it strove for an optimal integration in surrounding societies. Practitioners promoted the study of Exogeny, exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Jastrow
Marcus Jastrow (June 5, 1829 – October 13, 1903) was a Poland-born American Talmudic scholar and rabbi, most famously known for his authorship of the popular and comprehensive ''Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature''. Jastrow was born in Rogasen in the Grand Duchy of Posen, Prussia. After receiving semikhah (rabbinical ordination), Ph.D., and Doctorate of Letters ( D.Litt.), he became the rabbi of the then- Orthodox Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia in 1866 at the age of thirty-seven. In 1886, he began publishing his magnum opus, ''A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature'', in pamphlet form. It was finally completed and published in two-volume form in 1903, and has since become a popular resource for students of the Talmud. In the preface to this work, Jastrow sharply criticized those linguistic and etymological scholars who claimed that obscure terms in Talmudic literature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Harkavy
Abraham (Albert) Harkavy (also known as Abraham Eliahu Harkavy or Abraham Eliyahu Harkavy, , ; 17 October 1835 – 15 March 1919) was a Russian historian and orientalist. Biography Harkavy was born in 1835 to a Lithuanian Jewish family in Navahrudak, Minsk Governorate (in present-day Belarus). He studied initially in the Volozhin yeshiva and graduated from the Teacher's Institute in Vilna. In 1863, he enrolled at the University of St Petersburg, where he studied Oriental Languages and graduated with the degree of master of history in 1868. He continued his studies in Berlin and Paris, receiving a doctorate in history in 1872. Harkavy become involved in Jewish communal life in Russia, and was extremely active in various capacities. From 1864 Harkavy was secretary of the Society for the Promotion of Culture Among the Jews of Russia, and from 1873 he was one of the directors of the Jewish community of St. Petersburg. In 1876 he was appointed head of the Oriental Division in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solomon Joachim Halberstam
Solomon Joachim Chayim Halberstam (23 February 1832 – 24 March 1900) known from his acronym as ShaZHaH (שזחה), was an Austrian scholar and author. Biography He was born in Kraków. His father, Isaac Halberstam, was a prominent merchant who devoted his leisure time to study, and left in manuscript a work which Solomon published in his honor under the title ''Siaḥ Yiẓḥaḳ,'' Lemberg, 1882. This work contains also notices on the genealogy of Halberstam, who numbered eminent rabbis among his ancestors both on his father's and on his mother's side. In 1860 he settled at Bielitz as a prosperous merchant. The larger part of his time, however, he devoted to Jewish learning, and a considerable part of his income to increasing his library, which was especially rich in rare and valuable manuscripts, the love of collecting having been developed in him early. For half a century he corresponded widely with the representatives of Jewish learning of all shades of opinion; he took pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Günzburg
David Goratsiyevich Günzburg (; 5 July 1857 – 22 December 1910), 3rd Baron de Günzburg, was a Russian oriental studies, orientalist and Jewish communal leader. Biography He was the son of Baron Horace Günzburg, who co-founded World ORT, a non-profit non-governmental organization whose mission is the advancement of Jewish and other people through vocational training and education, with past or present involvement in over 100 countries. His grandfather Joseph Günzburg, Joseph was ennobled in 1870 by the Grand Duchy of Hesse and made baron in 1874. Günzburg was born in Kamianets-Podilskyi, in the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine). He was educated at home, his teachers being Adolf Neubauer, Senior Sachs, and Hirsch Rabinovich. At the age of twenty he received the degree of "candidate" at St. Petersburg University, after having attended the lectures of Stanislas Guyard at Paris and Baron Rosen at St. Petersburg; later he studied Arabic poetry under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Derenbourg
Joseph Derenbourg, or Joseph Naftali Derenburg (21 August 1811 – 29 July 1895) was a Franco-German orientalist. He was born in Mainz (then French-controlled), as a youngest son of the lawyer Jacob Derenburg. According to the 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "He was a considerable force in the educational revival of Jewish education in France." He made great contributions to the knowledge of Saadia, and planned a complete edition of Saadia's works in Arabic and French. A large part of this work appeared during his lifetime. He also wrote an ''Essai sur l'histoire et la géographie de la Palestine'' (Paris, 1867). This was an original contribution to the history of the Jews and Judaism in the time of Christ, and has been much used by later writers on the subject (e.g., by Emil Schürer). He also published in collaboration with his son Hartwig Derenbourg, ''Opuscules et traités d'Abou-l-Walid'' (with translation, 1880); ''Deux Versions hebraïques du livre de Kalilah et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moses Levi Ehrenreich
Moses Levi Ehrenreich (1818 in Brody, Galicia – December 27, 1899 in Rome) was an Italian rabbi, who became chief rabbi at Rome. Life Having graduated from the gymnasium of Brody, Ehrenreich, attracted by the reputation of Samuel David Luzzatto, went to Padua to study at the Istituto Rabbinico, where he received the rabbinical diploma on 10 May 1845. He immediately began teaching at Görtz, where he became friendly with Isaac Reggio, whose daughter Helena he later married. After a short stay at Trieste, he became rabbi at Modena, and in 1861 rabbi at Casale, Piedmont. In 1871 he was teacher to the families of Guastalla and Malvano at Turin, and in 1882 he was called to the principalship of the Talmud Torah in Rome, shortly afterward becoming chief rabbi of Rome. It was through his efforts and under his direction that the Collegio Rabbinico Italiano was reopened in 1887. In 1894 old age compelled his retirement from the rabbinate. Works His chief literary work consisted o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Berliner
Abraham (Adolf) Berliner (2 May 1833 – 21 April 1915) (Hebrew: אברהם ברלינר) was a German theologian and historian, born in Obersitzko, in the Grand Duchy of Posen, Prussia. He was initially educated by his father, who was the teacher in Obersitzko. He continued his education under various rabbis, later studying at the University of Leipzig where he received the degree of doctor of philosophy. After serving for some time as preacher and teacher in Arnswalde, in 1865 Berliner was called to Berlin to be superintendent of the religious school run by the Society for Talmudic Studies (Ḥebrat Shas). In 1873, when Israel Hildesheimer opened the rabbinical seminary in Berlin, Berliner was selected as professor of Jewish history and literature. In this role and as an author, he was untiring. His edition of Rashi's commentary to the Pentateuch (1866) first made him known as a scholar. Berliner added to his reputation through his various historical works, the result of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Lampronti
Isaac Lampronti (February 3, 1679 – November 16, 1756) was an Italian rabbi and physician, best known as author of the rabbinic encyclopedia ''Paħad Yitzħak''. Lampronti was born at Ferrara. His great-grandfather, Samuel Lampronti, had emigrated from Constantinople to Ferrara in the sixteenth century. His father, a man of wealth, died when Isaac was six years of age. Isaac was sent to school in his eighth year, his teachers being Shabbethai Elhanan Recanati and S. E. Sanguineti. In his fourteenth year he went to Lugo, to the school of R. Manoah Provençal; thence he went to Padua to study medicine, attending at the same time lectures on philosophy. There he enjoyed especially the intercourse and instruction of the physician R. Isaac Cantarini. On completing his medical studies he was employed as teacher for a time in various Italian cities, and on his return to his native city the '' yeshibah'' conferred upon him the title of ''ḥaber''. Shortly afterward he went to Man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pesikta De-Rav Kahana
Pesikta de-Rav Kahana () is a collection of aggadic midrash which exists in two editions, those of Salomon Buber (Lyck, 1868) and Bernard Mandelbaum (1962). It is cited by Nathan ben Jehiel and Rashi. The name The Jewish Babylonian Aramaic term ''psiqtā'' "section" is cognate to Hebrew ''pāsuq'' "verse." The appearance of the name of Rav Kahana in the title (in manuscripts as early as the 11th century) is explained in two ways: * Leopold Zunz and S. Buber consider the title to be due to the phrase "Rav Abba bar Kahana patah," which opens the longest section of the work, for the Shabbat preceding the Seventeenth of Tammuz. * B. Mandelbaum considers the appearance in two manuscripts of the name "Rav Kahana" at the beginning of the Rosh Hashanah chapter—which may have been initially the ''first'' chapter—as the more likely explanation for the use of his name in the title of the work. The position of the Rosh Hashana section as the first ''psiqtā'' is also attested by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salomon Buber
Salomon (or Solomon) Buber (2 February 1827 – 28 December 1906) was a Jewish Galician scholar and editor of Hebrew works. He is especially remembered for his editions of Midrash and other medieval Jewish manuscripts, and for the pioneering research surrounding those texts. Salomon Buber was Martin Buber's grandfather. Biographical data Salomon Buber was born at Lemberg (then part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria, now Lviv, Ukraine) on February 2, 1827. His father, Isaiah Abraham Buber, was versed in Talmudic literature and Jewish philosophy, and was Salomon's teacher in the latter subject; but for his son's Biblical and Talmudic studies he carefully selected competent professional teachers. Buber soon desired to conduct independent research and put the results in literary form—a disposition that proved valuable to Jewish literature. At twenty years of age, Buber married and entered commercial pursuits. He rose rapidly to become ''Handelskammerrath,'' and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
