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Mezri Haddad
Mezri Haddad (born 2 July 1961 in Le Kram) is a Tunisian journalist, writer, philosopher and diplomat. Haddad was a doctor of moral and political philosophy at the Paris-Sorbonne University, and the first Muslim candidate to be qualified by the National Council of French universities as a lecturer in Catholic theology. He is the author of several essays that focus on politics and religion (Islam and Christianity). He regularly contributes to the press in France ('' Le Figaro'', ''Libération'' and '' Le Monde''), Belgium ('' Le Soir'') and Switzerland ('' Tribune de Genève'') and has made several appearances on France 24, LCI, Public Sénat, France Ô and France 2. He was also, from 2007 to 2009, co-director of the Daedalos Institute of Geopolitics, a think tank based in Nicosia created at the initiative of the Cypriot Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In late 2009 he was appointed ambassador to UNESCO, a post he resigned in January 2011 before the fall of Zine El Abidine Ben ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Kram
Le Kram is a town and commune in the Tunis Governorate of Tunisia. Situated between La Goulette, the port of Tunis, and Carthage, it opens onto the Gulf of Tunis to the east and the Lake of Tunis to the west. As of 2004 it had a population of 58,152.Recensement de 2004 (Institut national de la statistique) Before 2001, Le Kram was a municipal district within the municipality bordering La Goulette. The original name of the city was ''Aga El Kram''; it was Gallicised as ''Le Kram''. The word ''kram'' in refers to a fig tree or a fruit tree in general. Professor |
Neo Destour
The New Constitutional Liberal Party ( ar, الØزب الØر الدستوري الجديد, '; French: ''Nouveau Parti libéral constitutionnel''), most commonly known as Neo Destour, was a Tunisian political party founded in 1934 by a group of Tunisian nationalist politicians during the French protectorate. It originated from a split with the Destour party. Led by Habib Bourguiba, Neo Destour became the ruling party upon Tunisian independence in 1956. In 1964, it was renamed the Socialist Destourian Party. History The party was formed as a result of a split from the pre-existing Destour party in 1934, during the Ksar Hellal Congress of March 2. Several leaders were particularly prominent during the party's early years before World War II: Habib Bourguiba, Mahmoud El Materi, Tahar Sfar, Bahri Guiga, and Salah ben Youssef. Prior to the split, a younger group of Destour members had alarmed the party elders by appealing directly to the populace through their more radical new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Bourricaud
François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters" * Francis II of France, King of France and King consort of Scots (), known as the husband of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots * François Amoudruz (1926–2020), French resistance fighter * François-Marie Arouet (better known as Voltaire; 1694–1778), French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher * François Aubry (other), several people *François Baby (other), several people * François Beauchemin (born 1980), Canadian ice hockey player for the Anaheim Duck * François Blanc (1806–1877), French entrepreneur and operator of casinos * François Boucher (other), several people * François Caron (other), several people * François Cevert (1944–1973), French racing driver * François Chau (born 1959), Cambodian American a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Boudon
Raymond Boudon (27 January 1934 – 10 April 2013) was a sociologist, philosopher and Professor in the Paris-Sorbonne University. Career With Alain Touraine, Michel Crozier and Pierre Bourdieu, Raymond Boudon is one of the leading French sociologists of the last quarter of the 20th century. He is known for his research on social mobility and inequality of opportunities as well as for his defense of methodological individualism. He was a member of many important institutions. Académie des Sciences morales et politiques, Academia Europaea, British Academy, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, International Academy of Human Sciences of St Petersburg, Central European Academy of Arts and Sciences. And a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and an invited professor notably at Harvard, Oxford University, and the Universities of Geneva, Chicago, and Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Licentiate (degree)
A licentiate (abbreviated Lic.) is an academic degree present in many countries, representing different educational levels. It may be similar to a master's degree when issued by pontifical universities and other universities in Europe, Latin America, and Syria. The term is also used for a person who holds this degree. Etymology The term derives from Latin ''licentia'', "freedom" (from Latin ''licēre'', "to be allowed"), which is applied in the phrases ''licentia docendi'' (also ''licentia doctorandi''), meaning "permission to teach", and ''licentia ad practicandum'' (also ''licentia practicandi''), meaning "permission to practice", signifying someone who holds a certificate of competence to practise a profession. History The Gregorian Reform of the Catholic Church led to an increased focus on the liberal arts in episcopal schools during the 11th and 12th centuries, with Pope Gregory VII ordering all bishops to make provisions for the teaching of liberal arts. Chancellor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplôme D'études Universitaires Générales
The Diplôme d'études universitaires générales (French for ''General Academic Studies Degree''), abbreviated DEUG, was a French national degree. It was delivered between 1973 and the (implemented between 2003 and 2006 depending on the university) by universities one year before the license (roughly equivalent to associate degree). History Creation The DEUG was created in 1973 by the government department of Joseph Fontanet, and replaces the various diplomas and undergraduate studies in each faculty: the general legal diploma, the general economic diploma, the degree of literary studies and the degree of scientific studies. According to the decree of creation, the DEUG "sanctions a multidisciplinary undergraduate general education and guidance", "lessons aim to develop in students the skills and knowledge to: the expression and realization ; understanding of the contemporary world, the study and use of concepts and scientific methods". Regarding the opportunities of this deg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunisian Bread Riots
The Tunisian bread riots (french: émeutes du pain, ar, Ø£Øداث الخبز) were a series of violent demonstrations in Tunisia that occurred from December 1983 to January 1984, triggered by a rise in the price of bread due to an IMF-imposed austerity program. President Habib Bourguiba declared a state of emergency and the riots were put down by force. Over 100 rioters died. The regime was weakened by the upheavals and their aftermath. Three years later General Zine El Abidine Ben Ali seized power in a coup. Background The European economy in 1983 had been stagnant for some years. This had affected Tunisia since its economy relied on exports to Europe and tourists from Europe. The government was struggling to meet rising expenses when a fall in the price of oil towards the end of 1983 further reduced revenue. President Bourguiba agreed to seek a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF loan was conditional on government spending cuts, removal of exchange c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Établissement De La Radiodiffusion-Télévision Tunisienne
The Établissement de la Radiodiffusion-Télévision Tunisienne (ERTT) – French for ''Tunisian Radio and Television Establishment'' – was Tunisia's state broadcasting organization from 1990 until 2007 before it was split into the ''Tunisian Television Establishment'' and the ''Tunisian Radio Establishment''. It operated two national television channels ( Télévision Tunisienne 1 and El Wataniya 2) and several radio stations (like Radio Tunis). ERTT offered services in Tunisian Arabic, Arabic, French, Italian and Turkish. History Created by the decree of 25 April 1957, Radiodiffusion-télévision tunisienne (RTT) becomes ERTT by the law of 7 May 1990. It was a shareholder in Euronews, a member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the African Union of Broadcasting (AUB) and the flagship member of the Arab States Broadcasting Union (ASBU). On 7 November 2006, President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali announces the split of the establishment into two separate entities: Tunisian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Destourian Party
The Socialist Destourian Party ( ar, الØزب الاشتراكي الدستوري ' ; french: Parti socialiste destourien) was the ruling political party of Tunisia from 1964 to 1988. Bahi Ladgham was the first Prime Minister from the party and Hédi Baccouche was the last. It was founded on 22 October 1964 and disbanded on 27 February 1988. Habib Bourgiba was the first president of the Socialist Destourian Party from 1964 to 1987. He was succeeded by Zine El Abidine Ben Ali from 1987 to 1988. History Independence of Tunisia from France was negotiated largely by the Neo Destour's Bourguiba. The effective date was March 20, 1956. The next year the Republic of Tunisia was constituted, which replaced the Beylical form of government. Tunisia became a one-party state, with Neo Destour as the ruling party under Prime Minister and later President Habib Bourguiba. Later the Neo Destour party was renamed the Socialist Destourian Party in 1964, to signal the government's commitment t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'Action Tunisienne
''L'Action Tunisienne'' (sometimes abbreviated to L'Action) is a former Tunisian Francophone newspaper founded by Habib Bourguiba and published from November 1, 1932 to March 19, 1988. Working for the Destour party, at first, it later became part of the Neo-Destour then the Socialist Destourian Party, since its foundation on March 2, 1934, in Ksar Hellal. It gathered nationalist activist like Béchir M'hedhbi, co-founder of the journal and its first editor in chief, Mahmoud El Materi, Bahri Guiga, M'hamed Bourguiba, Ali Bouhajeb and Tahar Sfar. Becoming a daily newspaper, it pursued its publishing after Tunisia's independence in 1956. Its last edition was published on March 19, 1988. It was replaced the following morning by ''Le Renouveau'' newspaper., History Origins and foundation In the early 1930s, Habib and M'hamed Bourguiba, El Materi, Guiga and Sfar, started writing articles in ''La Voix du Tunisien'', a newspaper owned by Chedly Khairallah, a member of the Dest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeune Afrique
''Jeune Afrique'' (English: ''Young Africa'') is a French-language pan-African weekly news magazine, founded in 1960 in Tunis and subsequently published in Paris. It is the most widely read pan-African magazine. It is also a book publisher, under the imprint "Les Éditions du Jaguar". Starting in 2000, ''Jeune Afrique'' has also maintained a news website. History and profile ''Jeune Afrique'' was co-founded by Béchir Ben Yahmed and other Tunisian intellectuals in Tunis on 17 October 1960. The founders of the weekly moved to Paris due to strict censorship imposed during the presidency of Habib Bourgiba. The magazine covers African political, economic and cultural spheres, with an emphasis on Francophone Africa and the Maghreb. From 2000 (issue 2040) to early 2006 (issue 2354), the magazine went by the name ''Jeune Afrique L'intelligent''. ''Jeune Afrique'' is published by ''Groupe Jeune Afrique'', which also publishes the monthly French-language lifestyle magazine ''Afrique ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Presse De Tunisie
''La Presse'', founded in 1934, is a large-circulation French-language daily newspaper published in Tunis, Tunisia. History ''La Presse de Tunisie'' was founded in 1934 by Henri Smadja, a Tunisian and French Jewish doctor and lawyer, born in Tunisia, who went on to become the owner of the daily newspaper ''Combat''. The paper, based in Tunis, was close to the Constitutional Democratic Rally. Its sister paper is Arabic newspaper ''Assahafah''. Before the 2010-2011 Tunisian protests ''La Presse de Tunisie'' was published by a state-owned publishing company. As a result of these protests, the newspaper transformed from being seen as propaganda for Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's government to having editorial independence from the government. However, the owner of the daily is the government of Tunisia The politics of Tunisia takes place within the framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, with a President serving as head of state, Prime Min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
